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Recent Advances in Bacterial Cellulose Production
Shoda Makoto,Sugano Yasushi The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengine 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.1
Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is produced by some bacteria, has unique structural, functional, physical and chemical properties. Thus, the mass production of BC for industrial application has recently attracted considerable attention. To enhance BC production, two aspects have been considered, namely, the engineering and genetic viewpoints. The former includes the reactor design, nutrient selection, process control and optimization; and the latter the cloning of the BC synthesis gene, and the genetic modification of the speculated genes for higher BC production. In this review, recent advances in BC production from the two viewpoints mentioned above are described, mainly using the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus.
日本 先史考古學의 時代區分과 年代問題 庄田愼矢 - 紀元前 1千年紀를 中心으로 -
소다신야(Shoda Shin",ya) 한국고대학회 2005 先史와 古代 Vol.22 No.-
This article discussed about two controversial example in Japan to consider division of time and dating, which can be the most fundamental problems in archaeology. Those are, the problems about the early·middle paleolithic and the beginning date of Yayoi-period which posed from the AMS C-14 dating. About the former, I focused how it was going after the “hoax” and the time division. In the latter case, I suggest my own opinion make use of the ‘inscribed ware’ datas and cross-dating which are not based on the AMS while ensuring that there were no solid grounds in the dating up to that time. Lastly, the importance of outskirts datas around Japan in the East-northern Asia and their research tendencies were also insisted.
쇼다신야 ( Shoda Shin Ya ) 한국고대학회 2013 先史와 古代 Vol.38 No.-
이 글은 최근에 재검토가 진행된 동북아시아에서 금속기 확산 과정에 대해서 논의한 것이다. 우선 이 지역에서 기원전 1천년기 편년을 정리한 후, 특징적으로 확인된 두 가지 물질문화적 현상, 즉 무기형석기와 석제장신구의 발달에 대해서 언급하였다. 무기형석기 는 근거리 병기인 석검과 석모, 원거리 병기인 석촉에 대해서 각각 검토하였는데, 각지에 서 무기라는 개념을 받아들이면서도 재지적인 제작전통을 유지하고 있음이 밝혀졌다. 또한, 석제장신구의 발달은 물품과 정보 유통이 활발해짐과 동시에 진행된 것으로 생각되었으며, 소형관옥의 대량생산에서 보이는 바와 같이 정보전달이라는 사회적 기능이 강화 된 점도 파악되었다. 결국 이 지역에서 금속기 수용이 사회에 준 영향은 의기로서의 무기 형석기 발달과 신분표시로서의 석제장신구의 발달이었으며, 이 두 가지 현상은 교환망의 확대와 집단 간 관계의 복잡화라는 동일한 맥락 속에서 해석이 가능할 것으로 생각되었다. This paper deals with the process of metal adoption in northeast Asia, which has been dramatically reconsidered in recent years. Firstly, the author shows a new chronology through this area, covering the 1st millennium BC. Based on this chronology, the process of appearance of weapon-shaped stone tools and stone ornaments, which seem to be the characteristics in this area when they adopt metal, were considered. About the weapon-shaped stone tools, I divided them into close range weapon such as daggers and spearheads, and distant range weapon such as arrowheads. As a result of the analysis on these materials, it is revealed that even many regions in NE-A shared the idea of weapons, the local tradition of stone tool production were inherited in each area. On the other hand, the development of stone ornaments seems to correspond with the complication of social networks accelerated by the increasing exchange of products and information. Mass production of small pieces of tubular beads can be interpreted in this context. In the end, the metal adoption in NE-A brought the development of weapon-shaped stone tools as prestige goods and stone ornaments as indication of identities. These two phenomena are connected with each other, under the of context of the development of social complexity.
Removal of a High Load of Ammonia by a Marine Bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus in Biofilter
Makoto Shoda,김남진 한국생물공학회 2002 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.7 No.5
A newly isolated heterotrophic marine bacterium, Vibrio alginolyticus, was used to remove ahigh load of ammonia gas under non-sterile condition. The cells were inoculated onto an inorganic packing material in a fixed-bed reactor (biofilter), and a high load of ammonia, in the range of ammonia gas concentration of 170 ppm to 880 ppm, was introduced continuously. Sucrose solution and 3% NaCl was supplied intermittently to supplement the carbon source and water to the biofilter. The average percentage of gas removed exceeded 85% for 107-day operation. The maximum removal capacity and the complete removal capacity were 19 g-N kg-1dry packing material day-1and 16 g-N kg-1dry packing material day-1, respectively, which were about three times greater than those obtained in nitrifying sludge inoculated onto the same packing material. On day 82, the enhanced pressure drop was restored to the normal one by NaOH treatment, and efficient removal characteristics were later observed. During this operation, the non-sterile condition had no significantly adverse effect on the removability of ammonia by V. alginolyticus.
Recent Advances in Bacterial Cellulose Production
Makoto Shoda,Yasushi Sugano 한국생물공학회 2005 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.10 No.1
Bacterial cellulose (BC), which is produced by some bacteria, has unique structural, functional, physical and chemical properties. Thus, the mass production of BC for industrial application has recently attracted considerable attention. To enhance BC production, two aspects have been considered, namely, the engineering and genetic viewpoints. The former includes the reactor design, nutrient selection, process control and optimization; and the latter the cloning of the BC synthesis gene, and the genetic modification of the speculated genes for higher BC production. In this review, recent advances in BC production from the two viewpoints mentioned above are described, mainly using the bacterium Gluconacetobacter xylinus.