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Sellers, D.L.,Kim, T.H.,Mount, C.W.,Pun, S.H.,Horner, P.J. IPC Science and Technology Press 2014 Biomaterials Vol.35 No.31
Components of the blood have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets for improving cellular regeneration after injury and neurodegenerative disease. In this work, thrombin is shown to increase endogenous neural progenitor proliferation in the intact murine spinal cord. A local injection of heparin before a spinal cord injury reduces cell proliferation and astrogliogenesis associated with scarring. We sought to create depot-formulations of PLGA microsphere and Pluronic F-127 for sustained local delivery of two thrombin inhibitors, heparin and hirudin. Each hydrogel depot-formulation showed delayed drug release compared to microspheres or hydrogel alone. Animals with a lateral demyelination lesion showed a reduction in CD68+ macrophages when treated with hirudin-loaded PLGA/F-127 gels compared to control and heparin-treated animals. Moreover, hirudin-loaded materials showed an accelerated recovery in coordinated stepping and increased oligodendrocyte densities. Together, these data demonstrate that controlled delivery of hirudin accelerates functional recovery from a demyelination lesion in the spinal cord.
Julia Sellers 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2018 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.19 No.4
This paper presents a brief overview of some of the out-of-body experiences (OBEs) studied in both the healthy and pathological populations, as well as experiences of paranormal phenomena, with features common to OBEs, in the healthy population. Since spontaneous OBEs in the healthy population are rare, there is a lack of studies describing possible psychological, as well as physiological, mechanisms driving this type of OBE. Consequently, most OBE research available today describes the semiology, phenomenology, etiology, as well as the neurocognitive features of OBEs within the pathological population, as opposed to the healthy population. Below we present an overview of some of the research aimed at identifying OBEs occurring in both healthy as well as pathological individuals.
Kim, Ung,Leipsic, Jonathon A.,Sellers, Stephanie L.,Shao, Michael,Blanke, Philipp,Hadamitzky, Martin,Kim, Yong-Jin,Conte, Edoardo,Andreini, Daniele,Pontone, Gianluca,Budoff, Matthew J.,Gottlieb, Ilan Elsevier 2018 JACC CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING Vol.11 No.10
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>This study aimed to determine the rate and extent of plaque progression (PP), changes in plaque features, and clinical predictors of PP in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM).</P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The natural history of coronary PP in patients with DM is not well established.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>A total of 1,602 patients (age 61.3 ± 9.0 years; 60.3% men; median scan interval 3.8 years) who underwent serial coronary computed tomography angiography over a period of at least 24 months were enrolled and analyzed from the PARADIGM (Progression of Atherosclerotic Plaque Determined by Computed Tomographic Angiography Imaging) trial. Study endpoints were changes in plaque features in diabetics with PP and risk factors for PP by serial coronary computed tomography angiography between patients with and without DM. PP was defined if plaque volume at follow-up minus plaque volume at baseline was >0.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>DM was an independent risk factor for PP (84.6%; 276 of 326 patients with PP) in multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.526; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.100 to 2.118; p = 0.011). Independent risk factors for PP in patients with DM were male sex (OR: 1.485; 95% CI: 1.003 to 2.199; p = 0.048) and mean plaque burden at baseline ≥75% (OR: 3.121; 95% CI: 1.701 to 5.725; p ≤0.001). After propensity matching, percent changes in overall plaque volume (30.3 ± 36.9% in patients without DM and 36.0 ± 29.7% in those with DM; p = 0.032) and necrotic core volume (−7.0 ± 35.8% in patients without DM and 21.5 ± 90.5% in those with DM; p = 0.007) were significantly greater in those with DM. The frequency of spotty calcification, positive remodeling, and burden of low-attenuation plaque were significantly greater in patients with DM.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>People with DM experience greater PP, particularly significantly greater progression in adverse plaque, than those without DM. Male sex and mean plaque burden >75% at baseline were identified as independent risk factors for PP.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Modeling urban dynamics along two major industrial corridors in India
T. V. Ramachandra,Jefferey M. Sellers,H. A. Bharath,S. Vinay 대한공간정보학회 2019 Spatial Information Research Vol.27 No.1
Rapid urban growth and consequent sprawl have been a major concern in urban planning towards the provision of basic amenities and infrastructure. The current research was undertaken as per the recommendations of brainstorming session involving stakeholders from academia, government agencies and industry. The outcome of this study is expected to provide the vital inputs to the federal government to provision basic amenities and smart infrastructure, to boost the industrial growth, while maintaining the local ecology and environment and support local livelihood. Spatial patterns of land use dynamics have been analysed in two major corridors (with 10 km buffer on either side). During the past two decades, the urban growth is about 441% along Mumbai–Pune Industrial corridor and 276% along Chennai–Bangalore–Mangalore corridor. The prediction of likely growth has been done using Markov-cellular automation model, accounting fuzzy behavior of agents. Spatial metrics confirm that the core urban areas of major cities have concentrated growth and sprawl at the outskirts. Prediction model estimates that urban area would increase to 47.1% by 2027 in Mumbai– Pune corridor and to 35.4% in 2029 in Chennai–Mangalore corridor. This study aids in pre-visualising the urban growth to evolve appropriate management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts.
Weir-McCall, Jonathan R.,Blanke, Philipp,Sellers, Stephanie L.,Ahmadi, Amir A.,Andreini, Daniele,Budoff, Matthew J.,Cademartiri, Filippo,Chinnaiyan, Kavitha,Choi, Jung Hyun,Chun, Eun Ju,Conte, Edoardo Elsevier 2018 Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography Vol.12 No.3
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The aim of the study is examine the impact of non-obstructive (<50%stenosis) left main (LM) disease on the natural history of coronary artery disease using serial coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>CTAs from the PARADIGM (Progression of atherosclerotic plaque determined by computed tomographic angiography imaging) study, a prospective multinational registry of patients who underwent serial CTA at a ≥2 year interval were analyzed. Those without evidence of CAD on their baseline scan were excluded, as were those with obstructive left main disease. Coronary artery vessels and their branches underwent quantification of: plaque volume and composition; diameter stenosis; presence of high-risk plaque.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>Of 944 (62 ± 9 years, 60% male) who had evidence of CAD at baseline, 444 (47%) had LM disease. Those with LM disease had a higher baseline plaque volume (194.8 ± 221mm3 versus 72.9 ± 84.3mm3, p < 0.001) and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque (17.5% versus 13%, p < 0.001) than those without LM disease. On multivariable general linear model, patients with LM disease had greater annual rates of progression of total (26.5 ± 31.4mm3/yr versus 14.9 ± 20.1mm3/yr, p < 0.001) and calcified plaque volume (17 ± 24mm3/yr versus 7 ± 11mm3/yr, p < 0.001), with no difference in fibrous, fibrofatty or necrotic core plaque components.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>The presence of non-obstructive LM disease is associated with greater rates of plaque progression and a higher prevalence of high-risk plaque throughout the entire coronary artery tree compared to CAD without LM involvement. Our data suggests that non-obstructive LM disease may be a marker for an aggressive phenotype of CAD that may benefit from more intensive treatment strategies.</P>
( Oladayo Folasire ),( Kylie A Mills ),( Donna J Sellers ),( Russ Chess Williams ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2016 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.22 No.1
Background/Aims The internal anal sphincter (IAS) plays an important role in maintaining continence and a number of neurotransmitters are known to regulate IAS tone. The aim of this study was to determine the relative importance of the neurotransmitters involved in the relaxant and contractile responses of the porcine IAS. Methods Responses of isolated strips of IAS to electrical field stimulation (EFS) were obtained in the absence and presence of inhibitors of neurotransmitter systems. Results Contractile responses of the sphincter to EFS were unaffected by the muscarinic receptor antagonist, atropine (1 mM), but were almost completely abolished by the adrenergic neuron blocker guanethidine (10 mM). Contractile responses were also reduced (by 45% at 5 Hz, P < 0.01) following desensitisation of purinergic receptors with α,β-methylene-ATP (10 mM). In the presence of guanethidine, atropine, and α,β-methylene-ATP, the remaining relaxatory responses to EFS were examined. These responses were not altered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (5 mM), the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor antagonist, [D-p-Cl-Phe6,Leu17]- vasoactive intestinal peptide (PheLeu-VIP; 100 nM), or the purinoceptor antagonists, 8-phenyltheophyline (P1 receptors) or suramin (P2 receptors). However, relaxation responses were reduced by Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 100 mM), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis (40-50% reduction), zinc protoprophyrin IX (10 mM), an inhibitor of carbon monoxide synthesis (20-40% reduction), and also propargylglycine (30 mM) and aminooxyacetic acid (30 mM), inhibitors of hydrogen sulphide synthesis (15-20% reduction). Conclusions Stimulation of IAS efferent nerves releases excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters: noradrenaline is the predominant contractile transmitter with a smaller component from ATP, whilst 3 gases mediate relaxation responses to EFS, with the combined contributions being nitric oxide > carbon monoxide > hydrogen sulfide. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016;22:141-148)
The OncoArray Consortium: A Network for Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Common Cancers
Amos, Christopher I.,Dennis, Joe,Wang, Zhaoming,Byun, Jinyoung,Schumacher, Fredrick R.,Gayther, Simon A.,Casey, Graham,Hunter, David J.,Sellers, Thomas A.,Gruber, Stephen B.,Dunning, Alison M.,Michail American Association for Cancer Research 2017 Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention Vol.26 No.1
<P>Impact: Ongoing analyses will shed light on etiology and risk assessment for many types of cancer. (C)2016 AACR.</P>