Microbial inactivation by high pressure processing: principle, mechanism and factors responsible

Rachna Sehrawat,Barjinder Pal Kaur,Prabhat K. Nema,Somya Tewari,Lokesh Kumar 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.1

High-pressure processing (HPP) is a noveltechnology for the production of minimally processed foodproducts with better retention of the natural aroma, freshliketaste, additive-free, stable, convenient to use. In thisregard safety of products by microbial inactivation is likelyto become an important focus for food technologists fromthe research and industrial field. High pressure inducesconformational changes in the cell membranes, cell morphology. It perturbs biochemical reactions, as well as thegenetic mechanism of the microorganisms, thus ensures thereduction in the microbial count. Keeping in view thecommercial demand of HPP products, the scientific literatureavailable on the mechanism of inactivation by highpressure and intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting theefficiency of HPP are systematically and critically analyzedin this review to develop a clear understanding of theseissues. Modeling applied to study the microbial inactivationkinetics by HPP is also discussed for the benefit ofinterested readers.

Hepatic basidiobolomycosis masquerading as cholangiocarcinoma: a case report and literature review

Roopali Sehrawat,Nalini Bansal,Ajitabh Srivastava,Dharmender Malik,Vivek Vij 대한간암학회 2023 대한간암학회지 Vol.23 No.2

Basidiobolus ranarum is known to cause subcutaneous mycoses; however, rare cases of hepatic and gastrointestinal involvement by basidiobolomycosis have been reported. Hepatic basidiobolomycosis may be confused with a carcinoma on imaging, and histological examination and fungal culture can help distinguish between these two. We report a rare case of basidiobolomycosis in a 16-year-old male with liver and gastrointestinal involvement.

Regulatory T Cells and Infectious Disease

Rouse, Barry T.,Sehrawat, Sharvan The Korean Association of Immunobiologists 2007 Immune Network Vol.7 No.4

Various cell types that express regulatory function may influence the pathogenesis of most and perhaps all infections. Some regulatory cells are present at the time of infection whereas others are induced or activated in response to infection. The actual mechanisms by which different types of infections signal regulatory cell responses remain poorly understood. However a most likely mechanism is the creation of a microenvironment that permits the conversion of conventional T cells into cells with the same antigen specificity that have regulatory function. Some possible means by which this can occur are discussed. The relationship between regulatory cells and infections is complex especially with chronic situations. The outcome can either be of benefit to the host or damage the disease control process or in rare instances appears to be a component of a finely balanced relationship between the host and the infecting agent. Manipulating the regulatory cell responses to achieve a favorable outcome of infection remains an unfulfilled objective of therapeutic immunology.

Epitaxial growth of highly transparent and conducting Sc-doped ZnO films on c-plane sapphire by sol.gel process without buffer

Ruchika Sharma,Kiran Sehrawat,R.M. Mehra 한국물리학회 2010 Current Applied Physics Vol.10 No.1

Highly transparent and conductive scandium doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Sc) films were deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by sol.gel technique using zinc acetate dihydrate [Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O] as precursor,2-methoxyethanol as solvent and monoethanolamine as a stabilizer. The doping with scandium is achieved by adding 0.5 wt% of scandium nitrate hexahydrate [(ScNO3·6H2O)] in the solution. The influence of annealing temperature (300-550 ℃) on the structural, optical and electrical properties was investigated. X-ray Diffraction study revealed that highly c-axis oriented films with full-width half maximum of 0.16˚ are obtained at an annealing temperature of 400 ℃. The surface morphology of the films was judged by SEM and AFM images which indicated formation of grains. The average transmittance was found to be above 92% in the visible region. ZnO:Sc film, annealed at 400 ℃ exhibited minimum resistivity of 1.91 × 10-4 Ω cm. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements of the ZnO:Sc films annealed at 400 ℃ showed ultraviolet peak at ~3.31eV with a FWHM of 11.2 meV, which are comparable to those found in high-quality ZnO films. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern confirmed the epitaxial nature of the films even without introducing any buffer layer.

Regulatory T Cells and Infectious Disease

BARRY T. ROUSE,SHARVAN SEHRAWAT 대한면역학회 2007 Immune Network Vol.7 No.4

Natamycin: a natural preservative for food applications—a review

Mahima Meena,Priyanka Prajapati,Chandrakala Ravichandran,Rachna Sehrawat 한국식품과학회 2021 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.30 No.12

Natamycin is a natural antimicrobial peptideproduced by the strains of Streptomyces natalensis. Iteffectively acts as an antifungal preservative on variousfood products like yogurt, khoa, sausages, juices, wines,etc. Additionally, it has been used as a bio preservative andis listed as generally recognized as a safe ingredient forvarious food applications. In this review, natamycin properties,production methods, toxicity, and application as anatural preservative in different foods are emphasized. Thisreview also focuses on optimal condition and processcontrol required in natamycin production. The mode ofaction and inhibitory effect of natamycin on yeast andmolds inhibition and its formulation and dosage to preservevarious food products, coating, and hurdle applications aresummarized. Understanding the scientific factors in natamycin’sproduction process, its toxicity, and its efficiencyas a preservative will open its practical application invarious food products.

Comprehensive review on potential applications of microfluidization in food processing

Anit Kumar,Atul Dhiman,Rajat Suhag,Rachna Sehrawat,Ashutosh Upadhyay,David Julian McClements 한국식품과학회 2022 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.31 No.1

Microfluidizer is one of the emerging processing technologies which has brought tremendous and desirable changes in food matrix. By generating high cavitation, shear, velocity impact and turbulent forces, microfluidizer brought structural modifications in food which led to significant improvements in physicochemical, functional, nutritional, rheological and sensory properties of food products without affecting their natural flavour. Reduction in particle size and thereby increase in surface area has brought these unique modifications. Microfluidization also improved bioavailability and bioaccessibility of bioactives by making them more exposed. Applications of microfluidizer includes stable emulsion/suspension formation, encapsulation, and nanoparticle production. It has also shown its preservation potential by inactivating enzymes and microbes thus improving food stability. The present review comprehensively discusses the working principle and effect of microfluidizer on dairy products, fruit juices, cereals, starches, egg yolk, emulsions, suspensions, and other novel products formulations. Microfluidization has opened a new channel for developing novel food ingredients non-thermally.

Evaluation of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation as an adjunct therapy in trigeminal neuralgia - a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study

Bisla, Suman,Gupta, Ambika,Agarwal, Shalini,Singh, Harneet,Sehrawat, Ankita,Singh, Aarti The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.6

Background: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a severe form of pain that affects the daily activities of a patient. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy is an emerging option for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of TENS therapy as an adjunct to drug therapy for the treatment of TN. Methods: A total of 52 patients diagnosed with TN according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders (version 3) were included. Each patient was randomized to either the TENS or placebo TENS groups. Intervention was given in continuous mode and 100-Hz frequency for 20 mins biweekly for 6 weeks. Parameters were measured at baseline, TENS completion and 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year of follow up. The parameters observed were mean carbamazepine dose, mean visual analog scale (VAS) score, mean present pain intensity (PPI) score, and functional outcome. Non-parametric analyses, one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for intragroup comparisons, while the Mann-Whitney U test and independent t-test were used for intergroup comparisons of variables. The chi-square test was applied to analyze categorical data. Results: Compared to the placebo TENS group, the mean dose of carbamazepine in the TENS group was significantly reduced at TENS completion, as well as at 6 months and 1 year follow up. Changes in mean VAS score, mean PPI score, and functional outcome did not show significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: TENS therapy does not lead to any changes in pain levels but it may reduce the mean dose of carbamazepine when used as an adjunct treatment in patients with TN.

Controlling Intestinal Infections and Digestive Disorders Using Probiotics

Sanjeev Kumar,Md Faruque Ahmad,Priyakshi Nath,Rubina Roy,Rudrarup Bhattacharjee,Eman Shama,Indira Gahatraj,Manisha Sehrawat,Vaishali Dasriya,Harmeet Singh Dhillon,Monica Puniya,Mrinal Samtiya,Tejpal D 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.10

After consumption, probiotics provide health benefits to the host. Probiotics and their metabolites havetherapeutic and nutritional properties that help to alleviate gastrointestinal, neurological, and cardiovascular problems. Probioticsstrengthen host immunity through various mechanisms, including improved gut barrier function, receptor site blocking,competitive exclusion of pathogens, and the production of bioactive molecules. Emerging evidence suggests that intestinalbowel diseases can be fatal, but regular probiotic consumption can alleviate disease symptoms. The use and detailed descriptionof the health benefits of probiotics to consumers in terms of reducing intestinal infection, inflammation, and digestivedisorders are discussed in this review. The well-designed and controlled studies that examined the use of probiotics to reducelife-threatening activities caused by intestinal bowel diseases are also covered. This review discussed the active principles andpotency of probiotics as evidenced by the known effects on host health, in addition to providing information on the mechanismof action.