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Schulte, H.D.,Birchs, W,Horstkotte, D,Kim, Y.H.,Kerstholt, J,Preusse, C.J.,Winter, J The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular 1989 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.22 No.2
In candidates for aortic valve replacement [AVR]it is our primary intention to implant the largest possible vale prosthesis of at least 23 mm in diameter in patients with severe valvular aortic stenosis. However, in many patients there is an additional subvalvular asymmetric septal hypertrophy which in some cases may cause an postextrasystolic increase of the LV-aortic gradient. Another component of the aortic stenosis syndrome is a narrow valvular ring, or a combination of both. After complete removal of the diseased valve and decalcification the narrow aortic ring [< 23 mm] can be widened firstly by transaortic subvalvular septal myectomy- [TSM] thus unfolding the left ventricular outflow tract[LVOT]and secondly by extending the oblique aortic incision into the aortic valve ring or further down into the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The sub-and supra-valvular defect will be closed by patch enlargement of the aortic root [PEAR] using autologous pericardium. These techniques allow a considerable enlargement of the valvular ring of about 4 to 10 mm in circumference. In a retrospective study using a computerized program, 847 patients with AVR [1980-1984]were reviewed to evaluate the intraoperative hemodynamic results mainly concerning relief of the transvalvular gradient. In 626 patients AVR was performed, 151 patients had double valve replacement [AVR+MVR], and 70 patients had AVR plus additional surgical procedures. Concentrating on the AVR-group [n=626] there were 103 patients with TSM, 24 patients with PEAR and 20 patients with TSM+PEAR which demonstrated that in a total, of 147 patients of this groups [23.5%] an additional procedure was necessary. The Statistical evaluation of the intraoperative pressure measurements before and after AVR in relation to the size of the implanted prostheses indicated the lowest preoperative mean gradient in patients with AVR alone, the highest in patients who afforded TSM plus PEAR. However, after AVR the mean gradients in all three groups were very low [mean 5 to 10 mmHg]. These data indicate that in patients with a narrow aortic ring and additional considerable ASH, TSM and PEAR are suitable techniques to enlarge the aortic root to enable the implantation of an adequate aortic valve prosthesis. Long-term controls have shown that autologous pericardium is a qualified graft material for the ascending aorta.
A QUALITATIVE STUDY ON THE METHODOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF DATA COLLECTIONS VIA SMARTPHONES
Marie Schulte 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.5
Based on qualitative interviews with mobile market research experts, a comprehensive framework for assessing the methodological potential of data collections via smartphones is developed. The findings serve as a basis for the development of new approaches to collect data via smartphones.
I'll Be a Bit Late -- Packet Reordering in Mobile Networks
Lennart Schulte,Alexander Zimmermann,Puneeth Nanjundaswamy,Lars Eggert,Jukka Manner 한국통신학회 2017 Journal of communications and networks Vol.19 No.6
Data transfer in mobile networks has increased significantlyover the past years, and the capacity of these networkshas grown accordingly. Due to their different set of characteristicscompared to wired networks, they have also received attentionfrom end-to-end developers on transport and application level. However, there exists no research on packet reordering in modernmobile networks, and how a transport layer should be designed tocope with it. In this paper we discuss how to measure packet reorderingin mobile networks with the help of transmission controlprotocol (TCP). Our analysis in Finnish mobile networks showsthat reordering characteristics depend heavily on the operator, butis present in all tested networks, and negatively impacts TCP whennot handled. We find that both number of reorderings in a connectionand the extent of the reordering is influenced by the sendingrate. Additionally, we present the framework for a reorderingprevention algorithm which takes into account the findings by automaticallyadapting to the current sending rate.