http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Adiponectin deficit during the precarious glucose economy of early lactation in dairy cows.
Giesy, Sarah L,Yoon, Bohyung,Currie, W Bruce,Kim, Jin Wook,Boisclair, Yves R Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2012 Endocrinology Vol.153 No.12
<P>In rodents and primates, insulin resistance develops during pregnancy and fades after parturition. In contrast, dairy cows and other ruminants maintain insulin resistance in early lactation (EL). This adaptation favors mammary glucose uptake, an insulin-independent process, at a time when the glucose supply is scarce. Reduction in circulating levels of the insulin-sensitizing hormone adiponectin promotes insulin resistance in other species, but whether it contributes to insulin resistance in EL dairy cows is unknown. To address this question, plasma adiponectin was measured in high-yielding dairy cows during the transition from late pregnancy (LP) to EL. Plasma adiponectin varied in quadratic fashion with the highest levels in LP, a maximal reduction of 45% on the day after parturition and a progressive return to LP values over the next 8 wk. Adiponectin circulated nearly exclusively in high molecular weight complexes in LP, and this distribution remained unaffected in EL. The reduction of plasma adiponectin in EL occurred without changes in adiponectin mRNA in adipose tissue but was associated with repression of the expression of proteins associated with the endoplasmic reticulum and involved in assembly of adiponectin oligomers. Finally, EL increased the expression of the adiponectin receptor 1 in muscle and adiponectin receptor 2 in liver but had no effect on the expression of these receptors in adipose tissue and in the mammary gland. These data suggest that reduced plasma adiponectin belongs to the subset of hormonal adaptations in EL dairy cows facilitating mammary glucose uptake via promotion of insulin resistance.</P>
Isabel Kerrebijn,Sarah Atwi,Mai Elfarnawany,Andrew M. Eib,Joseph K. Eibl,Jenna L. Taylor,Kim Chul-Ho,Johnson Bruce D.,Jon-Émile S. Kenny 대한중환자의학회 2024 Acute and Critical Care Vol.39 No.1
Background: Using peripheral arteries to infer central hemodynamics is common among hemodynamic monitors. Doppler ultrasound of the common carotid artery has been used in this manner with conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between changing common carotid artery Doppler measures and stroke volume (SV). We hypothesized that correlation between SV and carotid Doppler would improve with larger numbers of consecutively-averaged cardiac cycles. Methods: Twenty-seven healthy volunteers were recruited and studied in a physiology laboratory. Carotid artery Doppler pulse was measured with a wearable, wireless ultrasound during central hypovolemia and resuscitation induced by a stepped lower body negative pressure protocol. The change in maximum velocity time integral (VTI) and corrected flow time of the carotid artery (ccFT) were compared with changing SV using repeated measures correlation. Results: In total, 73,431 cardiac cycles were compared across 27 subjects. There was a strong linear correlation between changing SV and carotid Doppler measures during simulated hemorrhage (repeated-measures linear correlation [Rrm]=0.91 for VTI; 0.88 for ccFT). This relationship improved with larger numbers of consecutively-averaged cardiac cycles. For ccFT, beyond four consecutively-averaged cardiac cycles the correlation coefficient remained strong (i.e., Rrm of at least 0.80). For VTI, the correlation coefficient with SV was strong for any number of averaged cardiac cycles. For both ccFT and VTI, Rrm remained stable around 25 consecutively-averaged cardiac cycles. Conclusions: Using a wearable carotid Doppler ultrasound 73,431 cardiac cycles were compared to SV during central volume loss and resuscitation induced.
Shin, Eunsam,Hopfinger, Joseph B.,Lust, Sarah A.,Henry, Erika A.,Bartholow, Bruce D. American Psychological Association 2010 Psychology of addictive behaviors Vol.24 No.3
<P>Low sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol is a known risk factor for alcoholism. However, little is known concerning potential information-processing routes by which this risk factor might contribute to increased drinking. We tested the hypothesis that low-sensitivity (LS) participants would show biased attention to alcohol cues, compared with their high-sensitivity (HS) counterparts. Participants performed a task in which alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverage cues were presented bilaterally followed by a target that required categorization by color. Response times were faster for targets appearing in alcohol-cued than non-alcohol-cued locations for LS but not for HS participants. Event-related potential markers of early attention orienting (P1 amplitude) and subsequent attention reorienting (ipsilateral invalid negativity amplitude) indicated preferential selective attention to alcohol-cued locations among LS individuals. Controlling for recent drinking and family history of alcoholism did not affect these patterns, except that among HS participants, relatively heavy recent drinking was associated with difficulty reorienting attention away from alcohol-cued locations. These findings suggest a potential information-processing bias through which low sensitivity could lead to heavy alcohol involvement.</P>
한석호(Sukho Han),김배성(Baesung Kim),김경필(Kungpil Kim),김재환(Jaehwan Kim),김말징(Marljing Kim),허준,Lucy Randall,Sarah Bruce,Sonja Nikolova,Kenton Lawson,오병철,서진원,정병순,오세익 한국농촌경제연구원 2011 한국농촌경제연구원 연구자료 Vol.- No.-
The purpose of this study is to conduct a pilot study on estimating rice yield by using satellite images. Many developed countries including the United States and the European Union have been using satellite images to produce agricultural statistics and outlook analysis. In Korea, some institutions have used satellite images for their analysis. In this paper, we estimated rice yield by using satellite images. We choose rice on this study as one of target commodities. Because the yield of rice can easily be identified by using remote sensing technology. and Among the satellite images, MODIS satellite images were used, since these were free and widely used for estimating yield of major crops such as rice, wheat, soybean and or so in many countries. The method used to classified national area for estimating national rice yield was based on a simple correlation between the county rice yield statistics and the county average NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) extracted from Satellite images. We found that the accuracy of estimating yield depended on an average temperature for one year. So We divided a nation into 5 sectors with isotherm and tried to develop 5 yield functions with NDVI. This study showed that remote sensing technology can actually be used to estimate rice yield. However, There is also a problem to get the clear MODIS images in appropriate time because these were easily affected by cloud. To solve this problem, it is necessary to consider using Radar Satellite images or alternatives.