Comparative Efficacy of Tamsulosin Versus Tamsulosin With Tadalafil in Combination With Prednisolone for the Medical Expulsive Therapy of Lower Ureteric Stones: A Randomized Trial

Santosh Kumar,Kumar Jayant,Swati Agrawal,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2014 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.55 No.3

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of tamsulosin and tamsulosin with thephosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor tadalafil in combination with prednisolone as medicalexpulsive therapies for lower ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: Between July 2011 and December 2012, 62 adult patients presentingwith distal ureteric stones sized 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to treatmentwith tamsulosin (group A) or tamsulosin with tadalafil (group B). Therapy wasgiven for a maximum of 6 weeks. In addition, patients in groups A and B were given5-mg prednisolone once daily (maximum 1 week). The stone expulsion rate, time tostone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopictreatment, and adverse effects of the drugs were noted. Statistical analyses weredone by using Student t-test and chi-square test. Results: There was a higher expulsion rate (83.9% in group B and 74.2% in group A)and a lower time to expulsion in both treatment groups than in historical controls usedin earlier studies. However, these results were not statistically significant (p=0.349,p=0.074, respectively). Statistically significant differences were noted in hospitalizationfor colic and analgesic requirement, which were less in group B than in groupA. There were no serious adverse events. Another important finding was improvementin erectile function in group B. Conclusions: Medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones using tamsulosin andtadalafil with prednisolone is safe and efficacious. Also, the prescription of tadalafilin cases of erectile dysfunction with the development of lower ureteric stones may provideadditional advantages.

Comparative Evaluation of Periprostatic Nerve Block with and without Intraprostatic Nerve Block in Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Prostatic Needle Biopsy

Santosh Kumar Singh,Ashok Kumar,Mahavir Singh Griwan,Jyotsna Sen 대한비뇨의학회 2012 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.53 No.8

Purpose: Controversy exists over the pain during prostate biopsy. Periprostatic nerve block is a commonly used anaesthetic technique during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. The recent trend toward increasing the number of cores has become popular. This practice further increases the need for a proper anaesthetic application. We compared the efficacy of periprostatic nerve block with or without intraprostatic nerve block. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled study at our institute with 142 consecutive patients. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 received periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block with 1% lignocaine. Group 2 patients were administered periprostatic nerve block only with 1% lignocaine. Group 3 received no anaesthesia. Patients were asked to grade their level of pain by using an 11-point linear analogue scale at the time of ultrasound probe insertion, at the time of anaesthesia, during biopsy, and 30 minutes after biopsy. Results: The study groups were comparable in demographic profile, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate size. The mean pain scores at the time of biopsy in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 2.70, 3.39, and 4.16, respectively. Group 1 recorded the minimum mean pain score of 2.70 during prostate biopsy, which was significantly lower than the scores of groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion, during anaesthesia, or at 30 minutes after biopsy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block provides better pain control than does periprostatic nerve block alone in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy. Purpose: Controversy exists over the pain during prostate biopsy. Periprostatic nerve block is a commonly used anaesthetic technique during transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy. The recent trend toward increasing the number of cores has become popular. This practice further increases the need for a proper anaesthetic application. We compared the efficacy of periprostatic nerve block with or without intraprostatic nerve block. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective double-blinded placebo-controlled study at our institute with 142 consecutive patients. Patients were randomly assigned into 3 groups. Group 1 received periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block with 1% lignocaine. Group 2 patients were administered periprostatic nerve block only with 1% lignocaine. Group 3 received no anaesthesia. Patients were asked to grade their level of pain by using an 11-point linear analogue scale at the time of ultrasound probe insertion, at the time of anaesthesia, during biopsy, and 30 minutes after biopsy. Results: The study groups were comparable in demographic profile, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, and prostate size. The mean pain scores at the time of biopsy in groups 1, 2, and 3 were 2.70, 3.39, and 4.16, respectively. Group 1 recorded the minimum mean pain score of 2.70 during prostate biopsy, which was significantly lower than the scores of groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in pain scores among the 3 groups during probe insertion, during anaesthesia, or at 30 minutes after biopsy (p>0.05). Conclusions: Periprostatic nerve block with intraprostatic nerve block provides better pain control than does periprostatic nerve block alone in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy.

Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Naftopidil and Tamsulosin as Medical Expulsive Therapy in Combination With Prednisolone for Distal Ureteral Stones

Santosh Kumar,Kailash Chand Kurdia,Raguram Ganesamoni,Shrawan Kumar Singh,Bhuvanesh Nanjappa 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.5

Purpose: To compare the safety and efficacy of naftopidil and tamsulosin with prednisolone as medical expulsive therapy for distal ureteric stones. Materials and Methods: Between July 2010 and March 2012, 120 adult patients presenting with distal ureteric stones of size 5 to 10 mm were randomized equally to tamsulosin (group A), naftopidil (group B) or watchful waiting (group C). Tamsulosin or naftopidil was given for a maximum of four weeks. In addition patients in group A and B were given 5 mg prednisolone once daily (maximum one week). Stone expulsion rate,time to stone expulsion, analgesic use, number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment and adverse effects of drugs were noted. Statistical analyses were done using chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and analysis of variance. Results: There was a statistically higher expulsion rate in groups A (70%) and B (87.5%)as compared to group C (32.5%) (p<0.001). The expulsion rates were not statistically different between groups A and B (p=0.056). The mean time to expulsion was comparable between groups A and B but longer in group C. Analgesic use was significantly lower in groups A and B. Average number of hospital visits for pain, follow-up and endoscopic treatment was similar in all groups. There was no serious adverse event. Conclusions: Medical expulsive therapy for the distal ureteric stones using either naftopidil or tamsulosin in combination with prednisolone is safe and efficacious.

Robot-assisted "Santosh-Post Graduate Institute tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy" in a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis: A minimally invasive salvage procedure

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Navneet Kumar 대한비뇨의학회 2016 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.57 No.2

We describe a case of a solitary functioning kidney with giant hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction in a young girl who underwent successful robot-assisted tubularized flap pyelovesicostomy. The aim of this report was to highlight the feasibility and efficacy of this technique in salvaging such renal moieties and to present a brief review of the surgical options available for the management of giant hydronephrosis.

Right sided double inferior vena cava with obstructed retrocaval ureter: Managed with single incision multiple port laparoscopic technique using “Santosh Postgraduate Institute tacking ureteric fixation technique”

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Nitin Garg 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.4

Right double inferior vena cava with obstructed retrocaval ureter is an extremely rare anomaly with only a few reported cases in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing ureteric repair by use of a single-incision laparoscopic technique. In addition, this report addresses the underlying surgical challenges of this repair and provides a brief review of the embryology of this anomaly. The “Santosh Postgraduate Institute ureteric tacking fixation technique” provides ease of end-to-end uretero-ureteric anastomosis in a single-incision laparoscopic surgery.

Robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in L-shaped fused crossed ectopia: Surgical challenge

Santosh Kumar,Shivanshu Singh,Siddharth Jain,Girdhar Singh Bora,Shrawan Kumar Singh 대한비뇨의학회 2015 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.56 No.10

Renal cell carcinoma associated with fused ectopic kidneys has rarely been reported in the literature. Here we report the first case of robot-assisted heminephrectomy for chromophobe renal cell carcinoma in an L-shaped fused ectopic kidney. The present case report highlights the importance of three-dimensional vision and enhanced maneuverability with the EndoWrist technology of the robotic surgical system for precise dissection. This report also highlights the importance of preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography with three-dimensional arterial reconstruction for surgical planning.

Physiological Mechanism and Nutrient Management Strategies for Flood Tolerance in Rice Grown in Lowland Flood Prone Ecosystem

Sharad Kumar Dwivedi,Santosh Kumar,Narayan Bhakta,Ashish Kumar Srivastava,Janki Sharan Mishra,Virendar Kumar,B H Kumara,Bhagwati Prasad Bhatt,Sudhanshu Singh 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

In flood-prone areas, rice must have flood tolerance characteristics either through genotypic selections or by nutrient application management strategies. The current study was conducted at ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna during the wet season to investigate the effect of post-flood nutrient application methods on submerged rice survival and productivity. Our study showed that the 3-d submergence duration had no effect on the survival (100%) of 21-day-old seedlings but survival percentage decreased to 97 and 65% at 7-d and 11-d submergence, respectively. Total chlorophyll, total soluble sugar, and starch concentrations also exhibited a similar pattern of decline. The activity of anti-oxidative defense enzymes (CAT, POX, SOD, and APX), recorded just after de-submergence was found to be 1.5-10-foldhigher than before submergence, increasing with the increase in the severity of stress. Additional post-flood application of K2O and N at 5-6 days after de-submergence led to the improvement in photosynthetic rate, yield attributes, and grain yield. An additional 10 kg each of N and K2O produced maximum 1000-grain weight and higher grain yield and harvest index. After submergence, the meta-analysis exhibited a significant reduction in total chlorophyll concentration due to increasing submergence duration, whereas the significantly higher activity of antioxidants was recorded irrespective of submergence duration. In association with the better anti-oxidative defense mechanism of Sub1 varieties, the additional doses of N and K2O at 5-d after de-submergence significantly enhanced the survival, post-flood recovery, and the rate of photosynthesis after de-submergence. These nutrient management options can provide an opportunity to explore the productivity potential of the SUB1-introgressed variety under natural flash-flood conditions, helping to cope with the existing problems in flood-prone areas. The findings of the study suggest that a proper time and method of N application with basal P can significantly contribute to higher rice yield in flash-flood prone areas.

Molecular heterogeneity of plpE gene in Indian isolates of Pasteurella multocida and expression of recombinant PlpE in vaccine strain of P. multocida serotype B: 2

Ajay Pratap Singh,Satparkash Singh,Santosh Kumar Gupta,Vijendra Pal Singh,Bhaskar Sharma,Rajeev Ranjan 대한수의학회 2010 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.11 No.3

Outer membrane proteins of Pasteurella (P.) multocida have been known to be protective immunogens. Pasteurella lipoprotein E (PlpE) has been reported to be an important cross reactive outer membrane protein in P. multocida. The gene encoding the PlpE of P. multocida serotypes A: 3, B: 2and D: 1 was amplified from the genomic DNA. The amplified products were cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. Sequence analysis of the recombinant clones revealed a single open reading frame of 1,011 bp, 1,008 bp and 1,017 bp encoding a protein with a calculated molecular mass of 37.829 kDa, 37.389 kDa and 37.965 kDa for serotypes A:3, B: 2 and D: 1 respectively. The comparison of the plpE sequence in different capsular types revealed a high degree (>90%) of homology. Furthermore, the plpE gene of Haemorhhagic septicaemia causing serotype (B: 2) was expressed in E. coli and recombinant PlpE was strongly immunostained by antiserum against whole cell antigen,indicating that the protein is expressed in vivo.

Smart nanomaterials for cancer diagnosis and treatment

Singh Ragini,Sharma Ayush,Saji Joel,Umapathi Akhela,Kumar Santosh,Daima Hemant Kumar 나노기술연구협의회 2022 Nano Convergence Vol.9 No.21

Innovations in nanomedicine has guided the improved outcomes for cancer diagnosis and therapy. However, frequent use of nanomaterials remains challenging due to specific limitations like non-targeted distribution causing low signal-to-noise ratio for diagnostics, complex fabrication, reduced-biocompatibility, decreased photostability, and systemic toxicity of nanomaterials within the body. Thus, better nanomaterial-systems with controlled physicochemical and biological properties, form the need of the hour. In this context, smart nanomaterials serve as promising solution, as they can be activated under specific exogenous or endogenous stimuli such as pH, temperature, enzymes, or a particular biological molecule. The properties of smart nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for various applications like biosensors, controlled drug release, and treatment of various diseases. Recently, smart nanomaterial-based cancer theranostic approaches have been developed, and they are displaying better selectivity and sensitivity with reduced side-effects in comparison to conventional methods. In cancer therapy, the smart nanomaterials-system only activates in response to tumor microenvironment (TME) and remains in deactivated state in normal cells, which further reduces the side-effects and systemic toxicities. Thus, the present review aims to describe the stimulus-based classification of smart nanomaterials, tumor microenvironment-responsive behaviour, and their up-to-date applications in cancer theranostics. Besides, present review addresses the development of various smart nanomaterials and their advantages for diagnosing and treating cancer. Here, we also discuss about the drug targeting and sustained drug release from nanocarriers, and different types of nanomaterials which have been engineered for this intent. Additionally, the present challenges and prospects of nanomaterials in effective cancer diagnosis and therapeutics have been discussed.

Partial Purification and Characterization of Superoxide Dismutase from Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) Fruit

Kumar, Sunil,Dhillon, Santosh,Singh, Dharam,Singh, Randhir The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2004 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.9 No.3

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruit was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, Sephadex G-100 and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. A 22 fold purification and an overall yield of 44% were achieved. The purified enzyme was a homodimer with Mr 37.1 kDa and subunit Mr 18.2 kDa as judged by SDS-PAGE. SOD showed $K_{m}$ values of 25 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M and 1.7 ${\times}$ 10$^{-6}$ M for nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and riboflavin as substrates, respectively. The enzyme was thermostable upto 5$0^{\circ}C$ and exhibited pH optima of 7.8. The effect of metal ions and some other compounds on enzyme activity was studied. $Co^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$ were found to enhance relative enzyme activities by 27 % and 73 %, respectively, while M $n^{2+}$ inhibited the SOD activity by 64%. However, $Ca^{2+}$ and C $u^{2+}$ had no effect on enzyme activity. Other compounds like $H_2O$$_2$ and Na $N_3$ inhibited enzymatic activities by 60% and 32%, respectively, while sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), chloroform plus ethanol and $\beta$-mercaptoethanol had no effect on the activity of SOD. of SOD.