http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
( Jae Young Jang ),( Soung Won Jeong ),( Sung Ran Cheon1 ),( Sae Hwan Lee1 ),( Sang Gyune Kim ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Young Seok Kim1 ),( Young Deok Cho1 ),( Hong Soo Kim ),( So Young Jin ),( Yun Soo 대한간학회 2011 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.17 No.3
Background/Aims: We investigated the frequency of occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive individuals and the effects of occult HBV infection on the severity of liver disease. Methods: Seventy-one hepatitis B virus surface-antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients were divided according to their HBV serological status into groups A (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs negative; n=18), B (anti-HBc positive, anti-HBs positive; n=34), and C (anti-HBc negative, anti-HBs positive/negative; n=19), and by anti-HCV positivity (anti-HCV positive; n=32 vs. anti-HCV negative; n=39). Liver biopsy samples were taken, and HBV DNA was quantified by real-time PCR. Results: Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 32.4% (23/71) of the entire cohort, and HBV DNA levels were invariably low in the different groups. Occult HBV infection was detected more frequently in the anti-HBc-positive patients. Intrahepatic HBV DNA was detected in 28.1% (9/32) of the anti-HCV-positive and 35.9% (14/39) of the anti-HCV-negative subjects. The HCV genotype did not affect the detection rate of intrahepatic HBV DNA. In anti-HCV-positive cases, occult HBV infection did not affect liver disease severity. Conclusions: Low levels of intrahepatic HBV DNA were detected frequently in both HBsAg-negative and anti-HCV-positive cases. However, the frequency of occult HBV infection was not affected by the presence of hepatitis C, and occult HBV infection did not have a significant effect on the disease severity of hepatitis C. (Korean J Hepatol 2011;17:206-212)
Kim, Sun-Joo,Lee, Sung-Min,Oh, Yoon-Suk,Kim, Hyung-Tae,Jang, Byung-Koog,Kim, Seongwon The Korean Ceramic Society 2016 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.53 No.6
Gadolinium zirconate, $Gd_2Zr_2O_7$, is one of the most versatile oxides among the new thermal-barrier-coating (TBC) materials for replacing conventional yttira-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). $Gd_2Zr_2O_7$ exhibits excellent properties, such as low thermal conductivity, high thermal expansion coefficient comparable with that of YSZ, and chemical stability at high temperature. In this study, bulk and coating specimens with $Gd_{2-x}Zr_{2+x}O_{7+0.5x}$ (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) compositions were fabricated in order to examine the characteristics of this gadolinium zirconate system with different Gd content for TBC applications. Especially, coatings with $Gd_{2-x}Zr_{2+x}O_{7+0.5x}$ (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) compositions were produced by suspension plasma spray (SPS) with suspension of raw powder mixtures prepared by planetary milling followed by ball milling. Phase formation, microstructure, and thermal diffusivity were characterized for both sintered and coated specimens. Single phase materials with pyrochlore or fluorite were fabricated by normal sintering as well as SPS coating. In particular, coated specimens showed vertically-separated columnar microstructures with thickness of $400{\sim}600{\mu}m$.
Kim, Bosung,Cho, Young-Jun,Bhoi, Biswanath,Park, Seung-Young,Kim, Sang-Koog Elsevier 2018 Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials Vol.465 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Gilbert damping in nonmagnetic metal (NM)/permalloy (Py)/nonmagnetic metal (NM) trilayers was studied using ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements for different constituent materials (NM = Pt, Ta, Cu, and Ti) of varying Py thickness (<I>t</I> = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 nm) fabricated using an ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system. We found that the Gilbert damping constant increases with decreasing Py thickness and varies for different constituents of nonmagnetic metals. For NM = Pt, the damping constant of Py increases with decreasing Py thickness more remarkably than for other nonmagnetic metals. According to quantitative estimations of the effective spin-mixing conductance G eff mix , it was found that the value of G eff mix = 1.17 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Pt is one order of magnitude greater than G eff mix = 0.13 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Cu and 0.11 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP> for Ti. The large G eff mix value for Pt/Py/Pt is known to be caused by the strong spin-orbit coupling (SOC) of Pt. The effective spin-mixing conductance for Pt is 3 times greater than that (0.27 × 10<SUP>15</SUP> Ω<SUP>−1</SUP>·m<SUP>−2</SUP>) for Ta despite the SOC of both Pt and Ta is similar in magnitude. This work allows not only for an understanding of the interface effect of the Gilbert damping constant on NM/Py/NM trilayers but also for optimal design of low-power-consumption spintronic devices that are composed of a variety of hetero-interfaces between the different magnetic and nonmagnetic layers.</P>
Micromagnetic computer simulations of spin waves in nanometre-scale patterned magnetic elements
Institute of Physics [etc.] 2010 Journal of physics. D, applied physics Vol.43 No.26
<P>Current needs for further advances in the nanotechnologies of information-storage and -processing devices have attracted a great deal of interest in spin (magnetization) dynamics in nanometre-scale patterned magnetic elements. For instance, the unique dynamic characteristics of non-uniform magnetic microstructures such as various types of domain walls, magnetic vortices and antivortices, as well as spin wave dynamics in laterally restricted thin-film geometries, have been at the centre of extensive and intensive researches. Understanding the fundamentals of their unique spin structure as well as their robust and novel dynamic properties allows us to implement new functionalities into existing or future devices. Although experimental tools and theoretical approaches are effective means of understanding the fundamentals of spin dynamics and of gaining new insights into them, the limitations of those same tools and approaches have left gaps of unresolved questions in the pertinent physics. As an alternative, however, micromagnetic modelling and numerical simulation has recently emerged as a powerful tool for the study of a variety of phenomena related to spin dynamics of nanometre-scale magnetic elements.</P><P>In this review paper, I summarize the recent results of simulations of the excitation and propagation and other novel wave characteristics of spin waves, highlighting how the micromagnetic computer simulation approach contributes to an understanding of spin dynamics of nanomagnetism and considering some of the merits of numerical simulation studies. Many examples of micromagnetic modelling for numerical calculations, employing various dimensions and shapes of patterned magnetic elements, are given. The current limitations of continuum micromagnetic modelling and of simulations based on the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation of motion of magnetization are also discussed, along with further research directions for spin-wave studies.</P>
Case Report : Portal biliopathy treated with endoscopic biliary stenting
( Sung Jin Jeon ),( Jae Ki Min ),( So Young Kwon ),( Jun Hyun Kim ),( Sun Young Moon ),( Kang Hoon Lee ),( Jeong Han Kim ),( Won Hyeok Choe ),( Young Koog Cheon ),( Tae Hyung Kim ),( Hee Sun Park ) 대한간학회 2016 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.22 No.1
Portal biliopathy is defined as abnormalities in the extra- and intrahepatic ducts and gallbladder of patients with portal hypertension. This condition is associated with extrahepatic venous obstruction and dilatation of the venous plexus of the common bile duct, resulting in mural irregularities and compression of the biliary tree. Most patients with portal biliopathy remain asymptomatic, but approximately 10% of them advance to symptomatic abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography are currently used as diagnostic tools because they are noninvasive and can be used to assess the regularity, length, and degree of bile duct narrowing. Management of portal biliopathy is aimed at biliary decompression and reducing the portal pressure. Portal biliopathy has rarely been reported in Korea. We present a symptomatic case of portal biliopathy that was complicated by cholangitis and successfully treated with biliary endoscopic procedures. (Clin Mol Hepatol 2016;22:172-176)