Over-expression of rice leucine-rich repeat protein results in activation of defense response, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial soft rot in Chinese cabbage.

Park, Young Ho,Choi, Changhyun,Park, Eun Mi,Kim, Hyo Sun,Park, Hong Jae,Bae, Shin Cheol,Ahn, Ilpyung,Kim, Min Gab,Park, Sang Ryeol,Hwang, Duk-Ju Springer 2012 Plant cell reports Vol.31 No.10

<P>Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in various plants, including Chinese cabbage. The simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (eLRR) domain proteins have been implicated in disease resistance. Rice leucine-rich repeat protein (OsLRP), a rice simple eLRR domain protein, is induced by pathogens, phytohormones, and salt. To see whether OsLRP enhances disease resistance to bacterial soft rot, OsLRP was introduced into Chinese cabbage by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Two independent transgenic lines over-expressing OsLRP were generated and further analyzed. Transgenic lines over-expressing OsLRP showed enhanced disease resistance to bacterial soft rot compared to non-transgenic control. Bacterial growth was retarded in transgenic lines over-expressing OsLRP compared to non-transgenic controls. We propose that OsLRP confers enhanced resistance to bacterial soft rot. Monitoring expression of defense-associated genes in transgenic lines over-expressing OsLRP, two different glucanases and Brassica rapa polygalacturonase inhibiting protein 2, PDF1 were constitutively activated in transgenic lines compared to non-transgenic control. Taken together, heterologous expression of OsLRP results in the activation of defense response and enhanced resistance to bacterial soft rot.</P>

A polymer brush organic interlayer improves the overlying pentacene nanostructure and organic field-effect transistor performance

Park, Song Hee,Lee, Hwa Sung,Kim, Jong-Dae,Breiby, Dag W.,Kim, Eunhye,Park, Yeong Don,Ryu, Du Yeol,Lee, Dong Ryeol,Cho, Jeong Ho Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.21 No.39

<P>We investigated the crystalline nanostructures and film morphologies of pentacene films deposited onto a polymer brush organic interlayer in high performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Polymer brushes were grafted onto the oxide substrates by spin-coating and thermal annealing. Pentacene FETs fabricated on top of the polymer brushes showed excellent device performance, with a field-effect mobility of 0.82 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>−1</SUP> s<SUP>−1</SUP> and an on/off current ratio of 10<SUP>7</SUP>. These properties were superior to those of devices using typical surface modification techniques, such as octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The improvements in OFET performance appeared to be due to the pentacene layer's crystalline nanostructure and grain interconnectivity, which formed during the submonolayer stage of film growth. This stage of growth is strongly correlated with the surface energy, morphology, and viscoelastic properties of the resulting gate dielectrics. The inclusion of a polymer brush dielectric surface modification is a significant step toward optimizing the nanostructures of organic semiconductors, which are directly linked to device performance enhancement, by engineering the interfaces in OFETs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>The inclusion of a polymer brush dielectric surface modification is a significant step toward optimizing the nanostructures of organic semiconductors, which are directly linked to device performance enhancement. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c1jm11607j'> </P>

Generation of reduced macrolide analogs by regio-specific biotransformation

Park, Je Won,Park, Sung Ryeol,Han, Ah Reum,Ban, Yeon-Hee,Yoo, Young Ji,Kim, Eun Ji,Kim, Eunji,Yoon, Yeo Joon Springer Science and Business Media LLC 2011 Journal of antibiotics Vol.64 No.1

Highly Luminescent 2D-Type Slab Crystals Based on a Molecular Charge-Transfer Complex as Promising Organic Light-Emitting Transistor Materials

Park, Sang Kyu,Kim, Jin Hong,Ohto, Tatsuhiko,Yamada, Ryo,Jones, Andrew O. F.,Whang, Dong Ryeol,Cho, Illhun,Oh, Sangyoon,Hong, Seung Hwa,Kwon, Ji Eon,Kim, Jong H.,Olivier, Yoann,Fischer, Roland,Resel, Wiley - VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 2017 Advanced Materials Vol.29 No.36

<P>A new 2:1 donor (D):acceptor (A) mixed-stacked charge-transfer (CT) cocrystal comprising isometrically structured dicyanodistyrylbenzene-based D and A molecules is designed and synthesized. Uniform 2D-type morphology is manifested by the exquisite interplay of intermolecular interactions. In addition to its appealing structural features, unique optoelectronic properties are unveiled. Exceptionally high photoluminescence quantum yield (Phi(F) approximate to 60%) is realized by non-negligible oscillator strength of the S-1 transition, and rigidified 2D-type structure. Moreover, this luminescent 2D-type CT crystal exhibits balanced ambipolar transport (mu(h) and mu(e) of approximate to 10(-4) cm(2) V-1 s(-1)). As a consequence of such unique optoelectronic characteristics, the first CT electroluminescence is demonstrated in a single active-layered organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) device. The external quantum efficiency of this OLET is as high as 1.5% to suggest a promising potential of luminescent mixed-stacked CT cocrystals in OLET applications.</P>

Malonate utilization for improvement of flavonoid production in Streptomyces venezuelae

Sung Ryeol PARK,Ah Reum HAN,Yeon-Hee BAN,Young Ji YOO,Eun Ji KIM,Yeo Joon YOON 한국생물공학회 2010 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.4

Heterologous Production of Epothilones B and D in Streptomyces venezuelae

Sung Ryeol Park,Je Won Park,Ah Reum Han,Yeon-Hee Ban,Young Ji Yoo,Eun Ae Choi,Yeo Joon Yoon 한국생물공학회 2008 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.10

POSCO’s Growth History and Stakeholders’ Interests

Sung-Hoo Moon(문성후),Young-Ryeol Park(박영렬) 한국경영사학회 2017 經營史學 Vol.81 No.-

포스코는 한국의 최초 일관 제철소로서 지난 49년간 지속적인 발전을 해왔다. 본 논문은 한국 철강 산업의 역사라 할 수 있는 포스코의 성장 발전사와 그 기간 중 SPICE 모형을 비롯한 이해관계자 모델이 어떻게 결합되어 작동되었는지 고찰하였다. SPICE 모형은 라젠드라 시소디어교수가 `사랑받는 기업으로`라는 저서에서 처음 주장한 모형으로서 기업은 사회, 협력업체, 투자자, 고객, 종업원 (SPICE 모델)과 조화를 이루어 경영하여야 기업생태계를 유지할 수 있고, 그 안에서 기업은 지속 가능할 수 있다는 이론이다. 본 연구 결과 SPICE 모델은 포스코의 성장사에 다양한 영향을 주었으며, 포스코는 이해관계자 관리를 통하여 성장사의 매 단계마다 강력한 생태계를 구축할 수 있었다. 이러한 측면에서 포스코가 매 성장단계마다 다른 이해관계자에게 집중하였던 것이 효과적이었는지를, 그리고 포스코의 혁신적인 고객 중심 전략이 자사의 경쟁력을 회복하기 위한 전략으로서 효과적인지 판단하기 위하여 지난 포스코의 성장과 성과가 경영사적으로 분석되었다. 포스코는 1970년대부터 1990년대 후반까지 확장을 지속했으며 동기간 중 국가, 지역사회, 협력업체로부터 많은 협조와 지원을 받았다. 2000년대에는 포스코는 사업을 해외로 확장하였고, 해외 증시에 상장함으로써 경영의 투명성을 제고하였을 뿐만 아니라 주주 활동을 강화하기도 하였다. 그러나 그 후 포스코는 중국 등의 공급과잉으로 인하여 강력한 경쟁에 직면하게 된다. 결과적으로 포스코 그룹은 2011년 총 부채비율이 최근 기간 중 가장 높아지고, 2015년에는 포스코 그룹은 창립 이래 첫적자를 맞이하게 된다. 포스코는 최근 지속되는 손실을 방지하기 위하여, 이해관계자 가운데 고객 관리에 집중하는 혁신적인 전략을 수행하며, 구조조정, 해외 계열사 매각 등을 동하여 더 많은 자원을 고객 중심 마케팅에 집중하고 있다. 추가로 포스코는 기술수출, 글로벌 경쟁자와 전략적 제휴, 고객 니즈에 부합하는 연구개발등을 강화하였다. 이러한 전략에 힘입어 포스코는 마침내 2016년에 영업 이익 흑자를 회복할 수 있었고, 향후에도 한국 철강 산업에서 강력한 생태계를 구축할 수 있는 기반을 지속하고 있다. 본고는 기업이 각 성장단계마다 수행하는 이해관계자 관리 전략이 한국의 성숙기에 접어든 회사들에게도 도움이 됨을 시사하고 있다. POSCO, the first steel company in Korea, has undergone rapid growth over the past 49 years. This study reviews POSCO`s growth history using the society-partner-investorcustomer- employee (SPICE) model introduced by Dr. Rajendra Sisodia in 2007. The SPICE model yields different results at each stage of POSCO`s growth, reflecting the fact that the company has focused on specific stakeholders to build a strong ecological business system. In light of this, POSCO`s growth and performance are analyzed historically to determine whether the company`s focus on different stakeholders at each growth stage has been effective, and whether POSCO`s current innovative customer-oriented strategy is successful in helping it recover its competitive strength. As POSCO expanded for about 30 years from the 1970s to the late 1990s, it gained success through societal support and global partnerships. In the 2000s, POSCO expanded its business overseas and listed its stocks on foreign markets, not only to increase the transparency of its operations but also to strengthen its relationships with investors. However, the company has since been facing strong competition from China due to the global steel overcapacity. Consequently, the total debt ratio of the POSCO Group (i.e., POSCO and its subsidiaries) shot up in 2011, and in 2015, the POSCO Group recorded its first net loss since its establishment. To prevent further losses, in 2015, POSCO implemented a new innovative strategy focused on customer management and the allocation of more resources to customer-oriented marketing activities by streamlining its business and reducing its number of subsidiaries. In addition, it increased its technology exports, formed strategic alliances with global competitors, emphasized customer-oriented research, and development to meet the needs of customers. Thus, POSCO was able to record an operation profit surplus in 2016, and should manage to keep developing a strong ecological business in the Korean steel industry in the future. This focus on each stakeholder type at different stages of growth may be a good strategy for other mature Korean companies to implement.

감자유전자 StACRE의 분리 및 풋마름병 저항성 기능 검정

Sang Ryeol Park(박상렬),Eun-Mi Cha(차은미),Tae Hun Kim(김태훈),Seyoun Han(한세연),Duk-Ju Hwang(황덕주),Il-Pyung Ahn(안일평),Kwang-Soo Cho(조광수),Shin-Chul Bae(배신철) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.2

Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs)에 의해 유발되는 풋마름병은 감자 재배 시 발병하는 주요 병 중의 하나이다. 감자에서 풋마름병 저항성관련 유전자를 찾기 위해 기존에 기능이 알려진 다른 가지과 작물의 기능 유사 유전체를 이용하여 StACRE (HM749652) 유전자를 분리하고 염기서열을 분석하였다. 분리한 StACRE의 발현양상을 분석하기 위해 병 저항성 유도 신호전달 물질인 SA와 풋마름병원균 Rs (KACC10722)를 처리한 감자에서 RNA를 추출하여 RT-PCR을 실시한 결과 이 유전자는 SA 처리에 의해 3시간 후부터, Rs에 의해서는 12시간 후부터 발현이 현저하게 증가하였다. 따라서, 감자에서 이 유전자의 생물학적인 기능을 분석하기 위해 Gateway System을 이용하여 과발현용 vector를 만든 후 과발현 형질전환 감자를 제작하고 풋마름병균인 Rs를 접종하여 병 저항성 기능을 검정 한 결과 대조구인 수미 감자에 비해 병 저항성이 증대하였다. Bacterial wilt (brown rot) caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs) is one of the most devastating bacterial plant diseases in potatoes. To isolate bacterial wilt disease resistance-related genes from the potato, the StACRE (HM749652) gene was isolated and a sequenced search was performed using functional orthologs of Solanaceae from potatoes. StACRE is homologous to the tobacco NtACRE 132 protein and belongs to the ATL family involved in ubiquitination. To analyze the expression pattern of this gene, RT-PCR was performed with potato treated with salicylic acid (SA) and Rs (KACC 10722). StACRE was strongly induced 3 hours after treatment with SA and 12 hours after infection with Rs. To investigate its biological functions in the potato, we constructed a vector for overexpression in the potato by the Gateway system, and then generated transgenic potato plants. The gene expression of transgenic potato was analyzed by northern blot analysis. In the results of disease resistance assay in relation to bacterial wilt, StACRE overexpressed transgenic potato plants were shown to have more resistance than wild-type potato.

Microbial Transformation of Trichostatin A to 2,3-Dihydrotrichostatin A

Park, Je Won,Park, Sung Ryeol,Han, Ah Reum,Ban, Yeon-Hee,Yoo, Young Ji,Kim, Eun Ji,Kim, Eunji,Yoon, Yeo Joon American Chemical Society and American Society of 2011 Journal of natural products Vol.74 No.5

<P>A new reduced hydroxamate, 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin A, was created from trichostatin A by employing a recombinant strain of <I>Streptomyces venezuelae</I> as a microbial catalyst. Compared with trichostatin A, 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin A showed similar antifungal activity against <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I>, but, interestingly, approximately twice the cytostatic activity against human small-cell lung cancer cells. The production of 2,3-dihydrotrichostatin A via microbial biotransformation demonstrates that the regiospecific and substrate-flexible hydrogenation by <I>S. venezuelae</I> provides a new approach for creating natural product analogues with improved bioactive properties.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jnprdf/2011/jnprdf.2011.74.issue-5/np1006718/production/images/medium/np-2010-006718_0003.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/np1006718'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Mechanism of Transient Resistance Development against Bacteriophage Infection in Salmonella Typhimurium

Sang ryeol Ryu,Min sik Kim,Hak dong Shin,Boo kyung Park 대한수의학회 2013 대한수의학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2013 No.-