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Novel Low-Volume Solder-on-Pad Process for Fine Pitch Cu Pillar Bump Interconnection
Bae, Hyun-Cheol,Lee, Haksun,Eom, Yong-Sung,Choi, Kwang-Seong The Korean Microelectronics and Packaging Society 2015 마이크로전자 및 패키징학회지 Vol.22 No.2
Novel low-volume solder-on-pad (SoP) process is proposed for a fine pitch Cu pillar bump interconnection. A novel solder bumping material (SBM) has been developed for the $60{\mu}m$ pitch SoP using screen printing process. SBM, which is composed of ternary Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) solder powder and a polymer resin, is a paste material to perform a fine-pitch SoP in place of the electroplating process. By optimizing the volumetric ratio of the resin, deoxidizing agent, and SAC305 solder powder; the oxide layers on the solder powder and Cu pads are successfully removed during the bumping process without additional treatment or equipment. The Si chip and substrate with daisy-chain pattern are fabricated to develop the fine pitch SoP process and evaluate the fine-pitch interconnection. The fabricated Si substrate has 6724 under bump metallization (UBM) with a $45{\mu}m$ diameter and $60{\mu}m$ pitch. The Si chip with Cu pillar bump is flip chip bonded with the SoP formed substrate using an underfill material with fluxing features. Using the fluxing underfill material is advantageous since it eliminates the flux cleaning process and capillary flow process of underfill. The optimized interconnection process has been validated by the electrical characterization of the daisy-chain pattern. This work is the first report on a successful operation of a fine-pitch SoP and micro bump interconnection using a screen printing process.
Cheol-Woong Kim,Dong-Joon Oh,Ji-Hoon Bae,Joon-Ho Wang,Ho-Sang Lee,Young-Soo Seo,Amkee Kim 대한기계학회 2008 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2008 No.5
As the traffic accidents are increasing and the well-being trend is widely spreaded, the population for sports is dramatically increasing. It results in the increase of the of Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) damages frequently. Generally, an autograft such as the Bone-Patella Tendon Bone (BPTB), Achilles tendon, and anterior-posterior tibia tendons are used for the autograft or allograft of PCL reconstruction. They can not be used for the fail case of the reconstruction surgery or for the knee joint ligament damage. Therefore, this studies was performed as follows. 1) The strength evaluation and the fatigue characteristics of the Achilles tendon autograft. 2) The damage evaluation of the accumulated fatigue using the cadaver experiments by three reconstructions materials such as interference screw, RigidFix graft, and cancellous screws.
Bae, Hyo Sook,Kim, Yeon-Joo,Lim, Myong Cheol,Seo, Sang-Soo,Park, Sang-yoon,Kang, Sokbom,Kim, Sun Ho,Kim, Joo-Young Blackwell Scientific Publications 2016 International journal of gynecological cancer Vol.26 No.4
<B>Purpose</B><P>We identified the predictive factors for locoregional failure after definitive chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer.</P><B>Methods</B><P>Altogether, 397 patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (stage IB2-IVA) were treated with definitive chemoradiation between June 2001 and February 2010. Platinum-based concurrent chemotherapy was given to all patients with median radiation dose of external beam radiotherapy 50.4 Gy in 28 fractions and intracavitary radiotherapy 30 Gy in 6 fractions. Competing risk regression analysis was used to reveal the predictive factors for locoregional failure.</P><B>Results</B><P>During the median follow-up of 7.2 years, locoregional failure occurred in 51 (12.9%) patients. The estimated 3-year rate of locoregional control was 89%, whereas the overall survival rate was 82%. After univariate and multivariate analyses, large tumor size (>5 cm), young age (≤40 years), nonsquamous histology, positive lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging, and advanced stage (III-IV) were identified as risk factors for locoregional failure (<I>P</I> = 0.003, <I>P</I> = 0.075, <I>P</I> = 0.005, <I>P</I> = 0.055, and <I>P</I> < 0.001, respectively). After risk grouping according to the coefficients from the multivariate model, we identified a high-risk group for locoregional failure after treatment with definitive chemoradiation as follows: (1) tumor size larger than 5 cm, and at least 1 other risk factor or (2) tumor size 5 cm or less, and at least 3 other risk factors. The cumulated estimated 3-year rate of locoregional failure of the high-risk group was 26%, which was significantly higher than that of the low-risk group (7%, <I>P</I> < 0.001). The 3-year overall survival rates of the 2 groups were also significantly different (57% vs 86%, <I>P</I> < 0.001).</P><B>Conclusions</B><P>Large tumor size (>5 cm), young age (≤40 years), nonsquamous histology, positive lymph node on magnetic resonance imaging, and advanced stage are all risk factors for locoregional failure after definitive platinum-based chemoradiation in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer. In the high-risk group, further clinical trials are warranted to improve the locoregional control rate.</P>
( Sung Hoon Lee ),( Jin Young Lee ),( Il Hong Bae ),( Jun Cheol Cho ),( Hae Kwang Lee ) 한국피부장벽학회 2013 한국피부장벽학회지 Vol.15 No.2
The skin epidermal barrier protects the body against excessive water loss and the invasion of harmful substances, including chemicals and microbes. Skin barrier can be damaged by several external stimuli such as UV irradiation, humidity and temperature. The destruction of skin barrier is associated with cosmetic problem and skin diseases. Skin equivalent model has epidermal layer and stratum corneum, therefore, it can be used for skin barrier function study that is difficult to test in mono-layer culture system. In order to assess the influence of skin barrier against UV irradiation and low humidity, we employed a skin equivalent model (AmoReSkinTM). UVB irradiation induced a destruction of tight junction (TJ) components in skin equivalents. TJ permeability barrier was disrupted by UVB irradiation. Based on the fact that bicationic minerals such as calcium and magnesium are known to protect the skin barrier, we examined the efficacy of mineral water in this regard. The results of TJ permeability assay showed that mineral water helped to maintain the TJ permeability barrier after the application of UVB-irradiation to skin equivalents. To investigate the function of environmental humidity, skin equivalents were incubated at different humidity conditions. Skin equivalents were incubated at normal 80% RH and low 60% RH for 4 days. Unlike the skin equivalents incubated at 80% RH, skin equivalents could not grow normally at 60% RH. Mineral water protects the skin equivalent cultured at low humidity. In skin equivalents, UV irradiation and low humidity influenced the skin barrier. And the protective effect of mineral water was identified. Further study to elucidate the protective mechanism and correlation between human skin and skin equivalents can be beneficial to understand skin barrier.
Bae, Sang-Cheol,Kim, Jinseok,Choe, Jung-Yoon,Park, Won,Lee, Sang-Heon,Park, Yong-Beom,Shim, Seung-Cheol,Lee, Shin-Seok,Sung, Yoon-Kyoung,Choi, Chan-Bum,Lee, So-Ra,Park, HanYu,Ahn, Yongho H. K. Lewis 2017 Annals of the rheumatic diseases Vol.76 No.1
<P>Conclusion The study met the primary objective of demonstrating equivalent efficacy of HD203 and ETN. HD203 was well tolerated, with safety comparable with ETN in this population of patients with RA.</P>
Sang-Cheol Kim,Soo-Young Park,Jae-Hee Hyoun,Hee-Yeong Cho,Young-Jae Lee,Ji-Hoon Kang,Young-Ki Lee,Doek-Bae Park,Eun-Sook Yoo,Hee-Kyoung Kang 한국독성학회 2004 Toxicological Research Vol.20 No.4
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mistletoe (Viscum album var. coloratum) growing on Carpinus laxiflora BL. on proliferation and differentiation of HL-60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Aqueous extract and its (NH₄)₂SO₄ saturated fractions of the mistletoe exhibited potent anti-proliferation activity against HL-60 cells. Moreover, when HL-60 cells were treated with 0~30% and 30~70% (NH₄)₂SO₄ saturated fractions of the mistletoe, HL-60 expressed CD 66b or CD 14 cell surface antigens and showed activity to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, indicating that mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 into granulocytes or monocytes. To understand how mistletoe induces the differentiation, we investigated the expression of molecules for modulating the proliferation and differentiation of leukemia cells, such as c-Myc and myeloblastin. The 0~30% (NH₄)₂SO₄ saturated fraction of the mistletoe reduced the mRNA levels of c-Myc and myeloblastin in a time-dependent manner. The results indicate that the mistletoe induces the differentiation of HL-60 cells via the decrease of c-Myc and myeloblastin expressions. Thus, it is suggested that mistletoe has a therapeutic potential for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia.
Bae, Sun-Myung,Park, Yong-Cheol,Lee, Tae-Hee,Kweon, Do-Hyun,Choi, Jin-Ho,Kim, Sung-Koo,Ryu, Yeon-Woo,Seo, Jin-Ho Elsevier 2004 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.35 No.6
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Xylitol is a well-known sugar substitute with low-calorie and anti-cariogenic characteristics. An effort of biological production of xylitol from xylose was made in repeated fed-batch and cell-recycle fermentations of recombinant <I>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</I> BJ3505/δXR harboring the xylose reductase gene from <I>Pichia stipitis</I>. Batch fermentation with 20g/l xylose and 18g/l glucose resulted in 9.52g/l dry cell mass, 20.1g/l xylitol concentration and approximately 100% conversion yield. Repeated fed-batch operation to remove 10% of culture broth and to supplement an equal volume of 200g/l xylose was designed to improve xylitol production. In spite of a sudden drop of cell concentration, an increase in dry cell mass led to high accumulation of xylitol at 48.7g/l. To overcome loss of xylitol-producing biocatalysts in repeated fed-batch fermentation, cell-recycle equipment of hollow fiber membrane was implemented into a xylitol production system. Cell-recycle operation maintained concentration of the recombinant cells high inside a bioreactor. Final dry cell mass of 22.0g/l, 116g/l xylitol concentration, 2.34g/lh overall xylitol productivity were obtained in cell-recycle fermentation supplemented with xylose and yeast extract solution, which were equivalent to 2.3-, 5.8- and 3.8-fold increases compared with the corresponding values of batch-type xylitol production parameters.</P>