Connection of spectral pattern of carbohydrate molecular structure to alteration of nutritional properties of coffee by-products after fermentation

Samadi,Feng Xin,Prates Luciana,Wajizah Siti,Zulfahrizal,Munawar Agus Arip,Zhang Weixian,Yu Peiqiang 아세아·태평양축산학회 2024 Animal Bioscience Vol.37 No.8

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system.Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software.Results: Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented byproducts from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, nonstructural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system.Conclusion: In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine internal structure spectral profile of by-products from coffee processing that were affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration in relation to truly absorbed feed nutrient supply in ruminant system. Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, consisting of various microorganisms: for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. In this study, carbohydrate-related spectral profiles of coffee by-products were correlated with their chemical and nutritional properties (chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, bioenergy values, carbohydrate sub-fractions and predicted degradation and digestion parameters as well as milk value of feed). The vibrational spectra of coffee by-products samples after fermentation for 0 (control), 7, 14, 21, and 28 days were determined using a JASCO FT/IR-4200 spectroscopy coupled with accessory of attenuated total reflectance (ATR). The molecular spectral analyses with univariate approach were conducted with the OMNIC 7.3 software. Results: Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented byproducts from coffee processing included structural carbohydrate, cellulosic compounds, non-structural carbohydrates, lignin compound, CH-bending, structural carbohydrate peak1, structural carbohydrate peak2, structural carbohydrate peak3, hemicellulosic compound, non-structural carbohydrate peak1, non-structural carbohydrate peak2, nonstructural carbohydrate peak3. The study results show that added-microorganism fermentation induced chemical and nutritional changes of coffee by-products including carbohydrate chemical composition profiles, bioenergy value, feed milk value, carbohydrate subfractions, estimated degradable and undegradable fractions in the rumen, and intestinal digested nutrient supply in ruminant system. Conclusion: In conclusion, carbohydrate nutrition value changes by added-microorganism fermentation duration were in an agreement with the change of their spectral profile in the coffee by-products. The studies show that the vibrational ATR-FT/IR spectroscopic technique could be applied as a rapid analytical tool to evaluate fermented by-products and connect with truly digestible carbohydrate supply in ruminant system.

Effects of fermentation on protein profile of coffee by-products and its relationship with internal protein structure measured by vibrational spectroscopy

Samadi,Xin Feng,Luciana Prates,Siti Wajizah,Zulfahrizal,Agus Arip Munawar,Peiqiang Yu Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2023 Animal Bioscience Vol.36 No.8

Objective: To our knowledge, there are few studies on the correlation between internal structure of fermented products and nutrient delivery from by-products from coffee processing in the ruminant system. The objective of this project was to use advanced mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopic technique (ATR-FT/IR) to reveal interactive correlation between protein internal structure and ruminant-relevant protein and energy metabolic profiles of by-products from coffee processing affected by added-microorganism fermentation duration. Methods: The by-products from coffee processing were fermented using commercial fermentation product, called Saus Burger Pakan, consisting of various microorganisms: cellulolytic, lactic acid, amylolytic, proteolytic, and xylanolytic microbes, for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Protein chemical profiles, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System crude protein and CHO subfractions, and ruminal degradation and intestinal digestion of protein were evaluated. The attenuated total reflectance-Ft/IR (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to study protein structural features of spectra that were affected by added microorganism fermentation duration. The molecular spectral analyses were carried using OMNIC software. Molecular spectral analysis parameters in fermented and non-fermented by-products from coffee processing included: Amide I area (AIA), Amide II (AIIA) area, Amide I heigh (AIH), Amide II height (AIIH), α-helix height (αH), β-sheet height (βH), AIA to AIIA ratio, AIH to AIIH ratio, and αH to βH ratio. The relationship between protein structure spectral profiles of by-products from coffee processing and protein related metabolic features in ruminant were also investigated. Results: Fermentation decreased rumen degradable protein and increased rumen undegradable protein of by-products from coffee processing (p<0.05), indicating more protein entering from rumen to the small intestine for animal use. The fermentation duration significantly impacted (p<0.05) protein structure spectral features. Fermentation tended to increase (p<0.10) AIA and AIH as well as β-sheet height which all are significantly related to the protein level. Conclusion: Protein structure spectral profiles of by-product form coffee processing could be utilized as potential evaluators to estimate protein related chemical profile and protein metabolic characteristics in ruminant system.

A Novel Optimization Method for Solving Harmonic Elimination Equations

A Samadi,S. Farhangi 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

This paper proposes an optimization method for solving nonlinear equations of both selective harmonic elimination PWM and staircase fundamental switching waveforms. The proposed method finds all set of solutions irrespective of the switching angle numbers. The proposed optimization method is based on Mathmatica Optimization Toolbox. The suggested method can overcome the drawbacks associated with harmonic elimination problem. In contrast to the results reported in previous works, the approach here produces all possible solutions without computational and human efforts.

DROUGHT PREDICTION OVER KHORASAN PROVINCE IN NORTH-EAST OF IRAN BY USING DOWNSCALING TECHNIQUE ON DIRECT GCM OUTPUT

SAMADI SINA,NOKHANDAN MAJID HABIBI,SHlRAZI HASAN ASKARI 한국수자원학회 2005 한국수자원학회 학술대회 Vol.2005 No.1

A Rare Case of Tracheobronchitis Alternariosis in a Renal Transplant Recipient

( Hossein Samadi Kafil ),( Saeedeh Bagherbandi ),( Abed Zahedi Bialvaei ),( Hamed Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2017 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.80 No.4

Evaluation of the extraction process of Arenaria hispanica L. using response surface methodology on amounts of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and the antioxidant activity

Malihe Samadi. Kazemi,Somayeh Firouzeh 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.2

The selection of appropriate conditions for increasing the extraction efficiency is important. The response surface method (RSM) is a statistical and mathematical technique which it can be used to examine the dependence between the responses with variables in a process and also determine the optimal conditions. In this study, the experimental design of General full factorial (GFF) was used by Minitab 17 software. The variables were time (30, 60 and 90 min), solvent (water, methanol and n-hexane) and method (maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction). The main effects and also interaction terms were investigated on amounts of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and the antioxidant activity (according to DPPH, FRAP, IC50 and BCB) of extract of Arenaria hispanica L.. A multiple regression, first degree model was used to express the responses. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence level was then carried out for each response (TPC, TFC, FRAP, IC50 and BCB) in order to test the model significance and suitability. In optimum conditions, the maceration method was optimum method for TPC, FRAP and BCB, while for TFC was ultrasound-assisted extraction. Water was optimal solvent for TPC, FRAP and BCB, but methanol was obtained as the best solvent for TFC and IC50. Also, the extraction time of TPC was 60 min and for TFC, IC50, FRAP and BCB obtained 30 min. The mounts of TPC, TFC, IC50, FRAP and BCB in the optimum conditions obtained 173.93 ± 0.50 (mg GAE/g extract), 184.27 ± 4.04 (mg QC/g extract), 0.69 ± 0.03 (mg/mL), 734.80 ± 2.02 (mmol Fe2+/g exctract) and 21.23 ± 0.22; respectively.

EFL students’ Divergence from L1 Norms, and Convergence on L2 Norms in terms of their Multicultural Personality Traits

Hossein Samadi Bahrami 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소 2015 영미연구 Vol.34 No.-

The present study explored the impact of EFL learning on Iranian MA EFL students’ Multicultural Personality Traits (MPTs) development. Divergence from L1 norms, and convergence on L2 norms were investigated by means of utilizing Multicultural Personality Questionnaire that measures cultural empathy, open-mindedness, social initiative, emotional stability, and flexibility. Thirty native speakers of English, 92 Iranian MA EFL, and 80 MA Persian language students participated in this study. MPTs of monolingual Persian language students and English language native students were used as reference for L1 and L2 norms. The findings revealed that Iranian MA EFL students, compared with their monolingual Persian language counterparts, had developed significantly greater MPTs and drawn closer to their L2 norms than Persian language students. The findings supported the idea that L2 learning and some cultural acquisitions are collateral and the bilinguality achieved in L2 learning is always concomitant with biculturality that yields a higher degree of multiculturality in EFL students. Findings were also confirmatory of the fact that the commonality of means of communications nurtures similarity in personality features and bilinguality results in the reduction of the difference between speech communities.

Dual metal zeolitic imidazolate frameworks as an organometallic polymer for effective adsorption of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution

Abdolraouf Samadi-Maybodi,Afshin Rahmati 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.6

In this work for the first time, green technique-solvent free synthesis Dual metallic Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-2M) consisting of cobalt and zinc metals (ZIF-2M) at room temperature was performed. The synthesized compound was used as an efficient adsorbent for the adsorption of chlorpyrifos. The presence of second metal led to the improving in both chemical as well as physical properties such as crystal structure, porosity, specific area and magnetic property together keeping basic structure of ZIFs. In order to comparison ZIF-2M with ZIF-8 both of them were applied for removal of chlorpyrifos in aqueous solution. Comparison of removal efficiency was investigated for both nanoparticles under optimized conditions. The main factors which can potentially effect on the adsorption process are dosage of adsorbent, pH and contact time. Those factors were considered in statistical studies. The optimum conditions were achieved by BOX-Behnken design(BBD). Results revealed that the removal efficiency of ZIF-2M (97%) is more than that of ZIF-8 (90%). Also, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for chlorpyrifos sorption by ZIF-2M in optimal conditions were studied and discussed.

Novel Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter for Photovoltaic Applications

Milad Samady Shadlu 한국전기전자재료학회 2017 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.18 No.2

The number of applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in power generation grids has increased in the lastdecade because of their ability to generate efficient and reliable power in a variety of low installation in domesticapplications. Various PV converter topologies have therefore emerged, among which the modular multilevel converter(MMC) is very attractive due to its modularity and transformerless features. The modeling and control of the MMChas become an interesting issue due to the extremely large expansion of PV power plants at the residential scale anddue to the power quality requirement of this application. This paper proposes a novel control method of MMC whichis used to directly integrate the photovoltaic arrays with the power grid. Traditionally, a closed loop control has beenused, although circulating current control and capacitors voltage balancing in each individual leg have remainedunsolved problem. In this paper, the integration of model predictive control (MPC) and traditional closed loop controlis proposed to control the MMC structure in a PV grid tied mode. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency andeffectiveness of the proposed control model.

Novel Control of a Modular Multilevel Converter for Photovoltaic Applications

Shadlu, Milad Samady The Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic 2017 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.18 No.2

The number of applications of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in power generation grids has increased in the last decade because of their ability to generate efficient and reliable power in a variety of low installation in domestic applications. Various PV converter topologies have therefore emerged, among which the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is very attractive due to its modularity and transformerless features. The modeling and control of the MMC has become an interesting issue due to the extremely large expansion of PV power plants at the residential scale and due to the power quality requirement of this application. This paper proposes a novel control method of MMC which is used to directly integrate the photovoltaic arrays with the power grid. Traditionally, a closed loop control has been used, although circulating current control and capacitors voltage balancing in each individual leg have remained unsolved problem. In this paper, the integration of model predictive control (MPC) and traditional closed loop control is proposed to control the MMC structure in a PV grid tied mode. Simulation results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed control model.