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SYED SAYEED AHMAD,천희진,Khurshid Ahmad,Sibhghatulla Shaikh,임정호,샤히드알리,한성수,허선진,JUNG-HOON SOHN,이은주,최인호 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.1
Cultured meat is a potential sustainable food generated by the in vitro myogenesis of muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs). The self-renewal and differentiation properties of MSCs are of primary interest for cultured meat production. MSC proliferation and differentiation are influenced by a variety of growth factors such as insulin-like growth factors (IGF-1 and IGF- 2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), fibroblast growth factors (FGF-2 and FGF-21), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and by hormones like insulin, testosterone, glucocorticoids, and thyroid hormones. In this review, we investigated the roles of growth factors and hormones during cultured meat production because these factors provide signals for MSC growth and structural stability. The aim of this article is to provide the important idea about different growth factors such as FGF (enhance the cell proliferation and differentiation), IGF-1 (increase the number of myoblasts), PDGF (myoblast proliferation), TGF-β1 (muscle repair) and hormones such as insulin (cell survival and growth), testosterone (muscle fiber size), dexamethasone (myoblast proliferation and differentiation), and thyroid hormones (amount and diameter of muscle fibers and determine the usual pattern of fiber distributions) as media components during myogenesis for cultured meat production.
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Therapeutic applications of ginseng for skeletal muscle-related disorder management
Syed Sayeed Ahmad,Hee Jin Chun,Khurshid Ahmad,Inho Choi 고려인삼학회 2024 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.48 No.1
required to maintain body functions. Furthermore, the maintenance of SM is dependent on the activationof muscle satellite (stem) cells (MSCs) and the subsequent proliferation and fusion of differentiatingmyoblasts into mature myofibers (myogenesis). Natural compounds are being used as therapeutic optionsto promote SM regeneration during aging, muscle atrophy, sarcopenia, cachexia, or obesity. Inparticular, ginseng-derived compounds have been utilized in these contexts, though ginsenoside Rg1 ismostly used for SM mass management. These compounds primarily function by activating the Akt/mTORsignaling pathway, upregulating myogenin and MyoD to induce muscle hypertrophy, downregulatingatrophic factors (atrogin1, muscle ring-finger protein-1, myostatin, and mitochondrial reactive oxygenspecies production), and suppressing the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cachexia. Ginsenoside compounds are also used for obesity management, and their antiobesityeffects are attributed to peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) inhibition,AMPK activation, glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) translocation, and increased phosphorylations ofinsulin resistance (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and Akt. This review was undertaken toprovide an overview of the use of ginseng-related compounds for the management of SM-relateddisorders.
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