S6K1 Plays a Critical Role in Early Adipocyte Differentiation

Carnevalli, Larissa S.,Masuda, Kouhei,Frigerio, Francesca,Le Bacquer, Olivier,Um, Sung Hee,Gandin, Valentina,Topisirovic, Ivan,Sonenberg, Nahum,Thomas, George,Kozma, Sara C. Elsevier 2010 Developmental cell Vol.18 No.5

<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Earlier, we reported that <I>S6K1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice have reduced body fat mass, have elevated rates of lipolysis, have severely decreased adipocyte size, and are resistant to high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Here we report that adipocytes of <I>S6K1</I><SUP>−/−</SUP> mice on a HFD have the capacity to increase in size to a degree comparable to that of wild-type (WT) mice, but not in number, indicating an unexpected lesion in adipogenesis. Tracing this lesion revealed that S6K1 is dispensable for terminal adipocyte differentiation, but is involved in the commitment of embryonic stem cells to early adipocyte progenitors. We further show that absence of S6K1 attenuates the upregulation of transcription factors critical for commitment to adipogenesis. These results led to the conclusion that a lack of S6K1 impairs the generation of de novo adipocytes when mice are challenged with a HFD, consistent with a reduction in early adipocyte progenitors.</P> <P><B>Graphical Abstract</B></P><P><ce:figure></ce:figure></P>

Invited Review : Caenorhabditis elegans: A Model System for Anti-Cancer Drug Discovery and Therapeutic Target Identification

( Robert A Kobet ),( Xiao Ping Pan ),( Bao Hong Zhang ),( Stephen C Pak ),( Adam S Asch ),( Myon Hee Lee ) 한국응용약물학회 2014 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.22 No.5

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) offers a unique opportunity for biological and basic medical researches due to its genetic tractability and well-defined developmental lineage. It also provides an exceptional model for genetic, molecular, and cellular analysis of human disease-related genes. Recently, C. elegans has been used as an ideal model for the identification and functional analysis of drugs (or small-molecules) in vivo. In this review, we describe conserved oncogenic signaling pathways (Wnt, Notch, and Ras) and their potential roles in the development of cancer stem cells. During C. elegans germline development, these signaling pathways regulate multiple cellular processes such as germline stem cell niche specification, germline stem cell maintenance, and germ cell fate specification. Therefore, the aberrant regulations of these signaling pathways can cause either loss of germline stem cells or overproliferation of a specific cell type, resulting in sterility. This sterility phenotype allows us to identify drugs that can modulate the oncogenic signaling pathways directly or indirectly through a high-throughput screening. Current in vivo or in vitro screening methods are largely focused on the specific core signaling components. However, this phenotype based screening will identify drugs that possibly target upstream or downstream of core signaling pathways as well as exclude toxic effects. Although phenotype-based drug screening is ideal, the identification of drug targets is a major challenge. We here introduce a new technique, called Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS). This innovative method is able to identify the target of the identified drug. Importantly, signaling pathways and their regulators in C. elegans are highly conserved in most vertebrates, including humans. Therefore, C. elegans will provide a great opportunity to identify therapeutic drugs and their targets, as well as to understand mechanisms underlying the formation of cancer.

Feeding of nano scale oats β-glucan enhances the host resistance against <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i> and protective immune modulation in zebrafish larvae

Udayangani, R.M.C.,Dananjaya, S.H.S.,Fronte, Baldassare,Kim, Cheol-Hee,Lee, Jehee,De Zoysa, Mahanama ACADEMIC PRESS LTD 2017 FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY Vol.60 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we prepared and characterized the oats origin of nano scale β-glucan (NBG) and investigated the immunomodulatory properties in zebrafish larvae. Newly prepared NBG (average particle size of 465 nm) was fully soluble in water. Zebrafish larvae survival rate was increased against pathogenic bacteria <I>Edwardsiella tarda</I>, when NBG was added to the water (500 μg/mL) compared to NBG non-exposed controls. Moreover, quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed up-regulation of immune functional genes including TNF-α, IL-1β, β-defensin, lysozyme, IL 10, IL 12 and C-Rel indicating higher survival rate could be due to stronger immunomodulatory function of NBG (500 μg/mL). Thus, non-toxic, water soluble and biodegradable NBG from oats could be considered as the potential immunostimulant for larval aquaculture.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nano size beta glucan of oats origin can enhance the diseases resistance in zebrafish larvae. </LI> <LI> Nano size beta glucan up-regulates the immune functional genes in zebrafish larvae. </LI> <LI> Non-toxic and biodegradable nano size beta glucan from oats would be a better immunostimulant for larval aquaculture. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Photoprotective Effect of Carpomitra costata Extract against Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Damage in Human Keratinocytes

Zheng, J.,Hewage, S.R.K. Madduma,Piao, Mei Jing,Kang, Kyoung Ah,Han, X,Kang, H.K.,Yoo, E.S.,Koh, Y.S.,Lee, N.H.,Ko, C. S.,Lee, J. C.,Ko, Mi Hee,Hyuna, Jin Won Begell House Inc. 2016 Journal of environmental pathology, toxicology, an Vol.35 No.1

<P>Natural marine products show various biological properties such as antiphotoaging, antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammation. This study evaluated the protective effects of the brown alga Carpomitra costata (Stackhouse) Batters (Sporochnaceae) against ultraviolet B (UVB)-provoked damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. C. costata extract (CCE) effectively reduced superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and UVB-stimulated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. CCE also restored the expression and activity of UVB-suppressed antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, CCE decreased UVB-triggered oxidative damage to cellular components including DNA, protein, and lipid and defended the cells against mitochondrial membrane depolarization-medicated apoptosis. The results of this study indicate that CCE can safeguard human keratinocytes against UVB-induced cellular damage via a potent antioxidant mechanism. CCE may find utility as part of a therapeutic arsenal against the damaging effects of UVB radiation on the skin.</P>

Impaired Sulfur-Amino Acid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Are Alleviated by Betaine Supplementation in Rats

Kwon, Do Y.,Jung, Young S.,Kim, Sun J.,Park, Hee K.,Park, Jae H.,Kim, Young C. Oxford University Press 2009 The Journal of nutrition Vol.139 No.1

<P>Nonalcoholic fatty liver is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and chronic liver injury. Impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions is suggested to be critically linked with alcoholic liver injury, but its role in nonalcoholic fatty liver remains unknown. We examined the early changes in sulfur-amino acid metabolism and their implication in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Male rats were provided with a standard liquid diet or a high-fat liquid diet (HF) for 3 wk. An additional group of rats received the HF diet supplemented with betaine (1%). HF diet intake elevated hepatic triglyceride and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) concentrations. Antioxidant capacity of liver cytosol against hydroxyl and peroxyl radicals was reduced significantly. Hepatic S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and glutathione (GSH) decreased, but hypotaurine and taurine concentrations increased. Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) activity, not its concentration, was depressed, whereas both activity and concentration of cysteine dioxygenase and GSH S-transferase were elevated. Betaine supplementation of the HF diet inhibited hepatic fat accumulation and serum TNFalpha elevation. The decrease in cytosolic antioxidant capacity was also prevented. MAT activity and its concentration were induced significantly. Hepatic SAM and GSH increased and elevation of hypotaurine and taurine was depressed. The results indicate that the metabolism of S-containing substances is significantly disturbed by the HF diet, suggesting a causal role of impairment of hepatic transsulfuration reactions in NAFLD. Betaine supplementation protects the liver from nonalcoholic steatosis and oxidative stress most probably via its effects on the transsulfuration reactions.</P>

Glossy Ground Coat 에 의한 주철법랑에 관한 연구

강인찬,김창은,이희수 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1971 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

주철법랑제조에 Glossy Ground Coat의 여러시유조건에 의하는 영향과 소지금속에 함유되어 있는 탄소형태에 따르는 영향을 검토하기 위하여 밀착성 측정, 내열충격성 측정, 발포현상 및 소지금속에 대한 조직을 관찰하였다. 본 연구로서 Ground Coat는 소지금속과 Cover Coat와의 밀착력 향상 역활보다 발포억제를 보다 더 주역활로 하고 있다는 것을 알게되었으며, 또한 소지금속의 조성, 특히 결합탄소와 유리탄소함량에 따라 법랑화에 큰 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있었다. In order to examine the effects attendant upon varing conditions of glossy ground coat as well as upon the type of carbon contained in the base metal in manufacturing the ceramic coating on cast iron. I have measured the adherence of the wet-process cast iron enamels and the resistance of the thermal shocking, observed the blistering phenomena and surveyed the base with a microscope. This study showed that the ground coat played a main role more in forbidding the blistering than increasing the adherence between the base metal and the cover coat and that the adherence was affected strongly by the composition of the base metal, especially by the ratio of combined carbon and free carbon.

Effect of dissolved organic carbon from sludge, Rice straw and spent coffee ground biochar on the mobility of arsenic in soil

Kim, Hye-Bin,Kim, Seon-Hee,Jeon, Eun-Ki,Kim, Do-Hyung,Tsang, Daniel C.W.,Alessi, Daniel S.,Kwon, Eilhann E.,Baek, Kitae Elsevier 2018 The Science of the total environment Vol.636 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To date, studies on the mobility of arsenic (As) in soil amended with biochar have primarily relied on broad empirical observations, resulting in a gap between the behavior of As in amended soil and the chemical mechanisms controlling that behavior. This study focuses on the influence of abiotic factors in As mobility in As-contaminated soils amended with biochar. In order to understand the leaching of DOC and phosphate across a range of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis temperature, rice straw and granular sludge from an anaerobic digester were pyrolyzed at 300, 550, and 700 °C, and subjected to leaching studies by mixing air dried soil with 10 wt% of biochar at a soil: water ratio of 1:1(w/v). The concentration of DOC in the presence of granular sludge biochar and rice straw biochar increased from 190 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> to 2605 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP> and 1192 mg L<SUP>−1</SUP>, respectively, which considerable accelerated the mobilization of Fe and As. More specifically, DOC drove the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II). Our results suggest enhanced release of As via the reductive dissolution of iron oxides, including by the chelating-enhanced dissolution of Fe oxides, and competitive desorption by DOC and phosphate from biochar. The influence of DOC and phosphate was further evaluated using realistic application amounts (1, 3, and 5 wt%) of biochars derived from pyrolysis of granular sludge, rice straw and spent coffee ground at 300 and 550 °C. The results from these experiments further confirm that DOC is a key factor for influencing the mobility of As in the amendment of biochar to As-contaminated soil, which indicates that biochar having low levels of leachable carbon should be amended to As-contaminated soils, and with caution.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Dissolved organic carbon from biochar increased mobility of As in soil. </LI> <LI> Biochar enhanced reductive dissolution of Fe oxides in soil. </LI> <LI> Dissolved organic carbons extract Fe via chelating enhanced dissolution. </LI> <LI> Phosphate enhanced As mobility via competitive desorption </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Circulating TNF receptors predict cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease

Bae, Eunjin,Cha, Ran-Hui,Kim, Yong C.,An, Jung N.,Kim, Dong K.,Yoo, Kyung D.,Lee, Su M.,Kim, Myoung-Hee,Park, Jung T.,Kang, Shin-Wook,Park, Jae Y.,Lim, Chun S.,Kim, Yon S.,Yang, Seung H.,Lee, Jung P. Williams & Wilkins Co 2017 Medicine Vol.96 No.19

<P>We prospectively recruited 984 patients with CKD from 11 centers between 2006 and 2012. The levels of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were determined by performing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During the mean follow-up period of 4 years, 36 patients experienced a CVD event. The median serum concentrations of cTNFR1 and cTNFR2 were 2703.4 (225.6-13,057.7) and 5661.0 (634.9-30,599.6) pg/mL, respectively, and the cTNFR1 level was closely correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.86, P < .0001). The urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly correlated with the cTNFR2 level (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.67 for eGFR; P<.001 for all). Similar correlations were observed for serum cTNFR1 (r=0.21 for UPCR, r=-0.75 for eGFR; P < .001 for all). In the Cox proportional hazard analyses, cTNFR1 (hazard ratio [HR] 2.506, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.186-5.295, P=.016) and cTNFR2 (HR4.156, 95% CI 1.913-9.030, P < .001) predictedCVDrisk even after adjustment for clinical covariates, such as UPCR, eGFR, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. cTNFR1 and 2 are associated with CVD and other risk factors in CKD, independently of eGFR and UPCR. Furthermore, cTNFRs could be relevant predictors of CVD in CKD patients.</P>

오지(五肢) 송아지 둔부에 부착된 과잉후지(過剩後肢)와 과잉미(過剩尾)를 가지 이현체(二賢體)

안동원,정순희,김종섭 경상대학교 축산진흥연구소 1990 畜産振興硏究所報 Vol.17 No.1

Chirp (2-7kHz) echo characters in the Ulleung Basin

( S H Yoon ),( S K Chough ),( S H Hee ),( J W Kim ),( S C Park ),( D G Yoo ),( H S Han ),( S B Oh ),( Y B Kim ),( G G Back ) 한국광물학회 1997 General Science Journal Vol.1 No.3