Stackelberg Game between Multi-Leader and Multi-Follower for Detecting Black Hole and Warm Hole Attacks In WSN

S.Suganthi,D.Usha International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2023 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.23 No.8

Objective: • To detect black hole and warm hole attacks in wireless sensor networks. • To give a solution for energy depletion and security breach in wireless sensor networks. • To address the security problem using strategic decision support system. Methods: The proposed stackelberg game is used to make the spirited relations between multi leaders and multi followers. In this game, all cluster heads are acts as leaders, whereas agent nodes are acts as followers. The game is initially modeled as Quadratic Programming and also use backtracking search optimization algorithm for getting threshold value to determine the optimal strategies of both defender and attacker. Findings: To find optimal payoffs of multi leaders and multi followers are based on their utility functions. The attacks are easily detected based on some defined rules and optimum results of the game. Finally, the simulations are executed in matlab and the impacts of detection of black hole and warm hole attacks are also presented in this paper. Novelty: The novelty of this study is to considering the stackelberg game with backtracking search optimization algorithm (BSOA). BSOA is based on iterative process which tries to minimize the objective function. Thus we obtain the better optimization results than the earlier approaches.

Assessment of Low Intensity Solar Radiation Susceptibility in 20 Wheat Varieties under Field Conditions Grown in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Usha Mina,S.D. Singh,B. Singh,S. Tiwari,Deepak Singh,Pranav Kumar 한국작물학회 2018 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.21 No.4

Wheat productivity declines under agro-ecosystems and areas exposed to aerosols due to decline in quality and quantity of solar radiation. Identification of low light-tolerant wheat varieties (Triticum sps.) will help in enhancing the sustainability and productivity of the agroforestry systems as well as areas exposed to aerosol pollution. The field study was conducted to assess the effects of low intensity solar radiation (LR) on 20 wheat varieties in terms of growth, stay green, gaseous exchange, yield attributes, and tolerance indices. Results indicate the increase in plant height and leaf area, reduction in photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (Tr) in all the varieties grown under LR compared to normal radiation. The varieties, K68 and HD2643, exhibited maximum stay green compared to other varieties. LR caused reduction in biological (35%) and economic (46%) yield of wheat. Among the indices, mean productivity (MP), geometric mean (GM), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield index (YI) were positively correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with grain yield under LR (Ys) and NR (Yp). Cluster analysis indicated that varieties – HD2643, K68, Kalyansona, and C306 varieties were most LR tolerant, while DL1266-1, DL1266-2, and Moti were moderately tolerant and rest of the varieties exhibited LR susceptibility.

Secured Session Key Agreement Protocol for Iris Cryptosystem Using Customized Elliptic Curve Cryptography

Usha. S,Kuppuswami. S 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.8 No.1

Preparation, In vitro, Preclinical and Clinical Evaluations of Once Daily Sustained Release Tablets of Aceclofenac

S. Mutalik,A. Naha,A. N. Usha,A. K. Ranjith,P. Musmade,K. Manoj,P. Anju,S. Prasanna 대한약학회 2007 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.30 No.2

The objective of the present study was to develop “once daily” sustained release tablets of aceclofenac by direct compression using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-K4M (HPMC). The solubility studies of aceclofenac were conducted to select suitable dissolution media. The drugexcipient mixtures were subjected to preformulation studies. The tablets were subjected to physicochemical, in vitro drug release and stability studies. Preclinical (anti-inflammatory, analgesic, pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies) and clinical pharmacokinetic studies were conducted for optimized tablets. Based on the preformulation results, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), dicalcium phosphate and spray dried lactose (SDL) were selected as directly compressible vehicles. Because of the incompatibility with aceclofenac, SDL was excluded from the study. The physicochemical properties of tablets were found within the limits. By comparing the dissolution profiles with the marketed product, the tablet containing HPMC (45%) and MCC (30%) along with talc and magnesium stearate (1% w/w, each) (Tablet B7) was considered as a better formulation. This tablet exhibited almost similar drug release profile in different dissolution media as that of marketed tablet. Tablet B7 was stable in accelerated conditions for 6 months. The composition of this tablet showed almost similar preclinical pharmacological activities compared to marketed tablet composition and did not exhibit any toxicity in rats and mice with respect to tested haematological and biochemical parameters along with body weight, food and water intake. The pharmacokinetic study in healthy human volunteers indicated that B7 tablet produced an extended drug release of drug upto 24 h as that of marketed product with almost identical pharmacokinetic parameters.

Assessment of Low Intensity Solar Radiation Susceptibility in 20 Wheat Varieties under Field Conditions Grown in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India

Usha Mina,S.D. Singh,B. Singh,Deepak Singh,S. Tiwari,Pranav Kumar 한국작물학회 2019 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.22 No.3

Wheat productivity declines under agro-ecosystems and areas exposed to aerosols due to decline in quality and quantity of solar radiation. Identification of low light-tolerant wheat varieties (Triticum sps.) will help in enhancing the sustainability and productivity of the agroforestry systems as well as areas exposed to aerosol pollution. The field study was conducted to assess the effects of low intensity solar radiation (LR) on 20 wheat varieties in terms of growth, stay green, gaseous exchange, yield attributes, and tolerance indices. Results indicate the increase in plant height and leaf area, reduction in photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration (Tr) in all the varieties grown under LR compared to normal radiation. The varieties, K68 and HD2643, exhibited maximum stay green compared to other varieties. LR caused reduction in biological (35%) and economic (46%) yield of wheat. Among the indices, mean productivity (MP), geometric mean (GM), stress tolerance index (STI), and yield index (YI) were positively correlated with grain yield under LR (Ys) and NR (Yp). Cluster analysis indicated that varieties-HD2643, K68, Kalyansona, and C306 varieties were most LR tolerant, while DL1266-1, DL1266-2, and Moti were moderately tolerant and rest of the varieties exhibited LR susceptibility.

Effect of Feeding Urea and Acetic Acid Treated Wheat Straw on the Digestibility of Nutrients in Adult Male Murrah Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

Mehra, Usha R.,Dass, R.S.,Verma, A.K.,Sahu, D.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.12

Wheat straw was treated on laboratory scale with 4% urea at a moisture level of 50% along with different amounts of acetic acid (AA) to fix various levels of ammonia nitrogen (15, 30, 45 and 60%) evolved from urea and stored for 4 weeks. Chemical composition of the treated samples revealed a significant (p<0.01) increase in N content of the samples where AA was added. The N content of the ammoniated straw was only 1.21% which increased to 2.58 with the addition of AA to trap 30% $NH_3-N$. The concentration of free $NH_3-N$ in the straw was significantly (p<0.01) less when more than 15% $NH_3-N$ was trapped with AA. There was significant increase (p<0.01) in N disappearance and depression in NDF and hemicellulose disappearance, when AA was used to trap 30% $NH_3-N$. Large scale treatment of wheat straw with 4% urea at a moisture level of 50% along with AA (to trap 30% $NH_3-N$) increased the N content, but not as much as in laboratory scale treatment. In vivo experiment conducted on nine adult male buffaloes divided into three groups revealed no difference in the intake of DM, OM, NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemicellulose among group I (ammoniated straw), group II (AA treated ammoniated straw) and group III (AA treated ammoniated straw +1 kg barley grain), but the intake was significantly (p<0.05) more in groups where AA treated straw was fed as compared to only ammoniated straw fed group. However EE digestibility was depressed in group II. The digestibility of cellulose and hemicellulose both depressed significantly (p<0.05) in group II and III as compared to group I. Animals in all the 3 groups showed positive nitrogen balance and it was significantly more in group II and III as compared to group I. DCP intake was significantly (p<0.05) more in group II and III as compared to group I, but there was no significant difference among the three groups in TDN intake. It can be concluded that AA (to trap 30% $NH_3-N$) is effective in capturing the excess ammonia released during urea ammoniation of straw and improving its nutritive value, as well as animal performance.

Data Security on Cloud by Cryptographic Methods Using Machine Learning Techniques

Gadde, Swetha,Amutharaj, J.,Usha, S. International Journal of Computer ScienceNetwork S 2022 International journal of computer science and netw Vol.22 No.5

On Cloud, the important data of the user that is protected on remote servers can be accessed via internet. Due to rapid shift in technology nowadays, there is a swift increase in the confidential and pivotal data. This comes up with the requirement of data security of the user's data. Data is of different type and each need discrete degree of conservation. The idea of data security data science permits building the computing procedure more applicable and bright as compared to conventional ones in the estate of data security. Our focus with this paper is to enhance the safety of data on the cloud and also to obliterate the problems associated with the data security. In our suggested plan, some basic solutions of security like cryptographic techniques and authentication are allotted in cloud computing world. This paper put your heads together about how machine learning techniques is used in data security in both offensive and defensive ventures, including analysis on cyber-attacks focused at machine learning techniques. The machine learning technique is based on the Supervised, UnSupervised, Semi-Supervised and Reinforcement Learning. Although numerous research has been done on this topic but in reference with the future scope a lot more investigation is required to be carried out in this field to determine how the data can be secured more firmly on cloud in respect with the Machine Learning Techniques and cryptographic methods.

Theoretical simulation on evolution of suspended sodium combustion aerosols characteristics in a closed chamber

Sujatha Pavan Narayanam,Amit Kumar,Usha Pujala,Subramanian V.,Srinivas C.V.,Venkatesan R.,Athmalingam S.,Venkatraman B. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.6

In the unlikely event of core disruptive accident in sodium cooled fast reactors, the reactor containmentbuilding would be bottled up with sodium and fission product aerosols. The behavior of these aerosols iscrucial to estimate the in-containment source term as a part of nuclear reactor safety analysis. In thiswork, the evolution of sodium aerosol characteristics (mass concentration and size) is simulated usingHAARM-S code. The code is based on the method of moments to solve the integro-differential equation. The code is updated to FORTRAN-77 and run in Microsoft FORTRAN PowerStation 4.0 (on Desktop). Thesodium aerosol characteristics simulated by HAARM-S code are compared with the measured values atAerosol Test Facility. The maximum deviation between measured and simulated mass concentrations is30% at initial period (up to 60 min) and around 50% in the later period. In addition, the influence ofhumidity on aerosol size growth for two different aerosol mass concentrations is studied. The measuredand simulated growth factors of aerosol size (ratio of saturated size to initial size) are found to bematched at reasonable extent. Since sodium is highly reactive with atmospheric constituents, the aerosolgrowth factor depends on the hygroscopic growth, chemical transformation and density variations besides coagulation. Further, there is a scope for the improvement of the code to estimate the aerosoldynamics in confined environment

Trees, unicyclic graphs extremal with respect to Kekule index

Usha.A,P. S. Ranjini,V.Lokesha 장전수학회 2014 Advanced Studies in Contemporary Mathematics Vol.24 No.3

For a molecular graph G with vertex set V(G) and edge set E(G), recently Lavanya, [1] introduced a new topologial index, the Kekule index is defined as (formula) where, (formula) and i and j are the degrees of the vertices u and v respectively. In this paper, we characterize the trees and unicyclic graphs extremal with respect to Kekule index.

Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis: a case series from a non-endemic region in North India

Harshal S Mandavdhare,Jimil Shah,Kaushal K Prasad,Roshan Agarwala,Vikas Suri,Savita Kumari,Usha Dutta,Vishal Sharma 대한장연구학회 2019 Intestinal Research Vol.17 No.1

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