주정폐수 처리를 위한 상향류식 혐기성 생물전기화학 반응조에 대한 전극배치의 영향

풍경 ( Qing Feng ),송영채 ( Young-chae Song ),유규선 ( Kyuseon Yoo ),난다쿠마르쿱파난 ( K. Nanthakumar ),산죽타수부디 ( S. Sanjukta ),반와리랄 ( L. Banwari ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2017 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

상향류식 혐기성 생물전기화학 반응조(upflow anaerobic bioelectrochemical reactor, UABE)를 이용하여 주정폐수를 유기물부하율 16 g COD/L.d에서 처리하는 동안 pH, 알카리도, 유기산 등의 상태변수들의 변화와 COD 제거율, 비메탄발생량 및 메탄함량에 대한 전극배치의 영향을 평가하였으며, 그 성능을 UASB 반응조와 비교하였다. 면적이 27 m²/m³인 전극을 나선형으로 UABE 반응조 전체 공간에 고르게 배치하였을 때 비메탄발 생율은 5.78 L/L.d로서, 전극을 설치하지 않은 UASB 반응조의 3.49 L/L.d보다 약 65.6%로 높았다. 이것은 UABE 반응조에 전기활성미생물이 성장하여 직접 종간전자전달(direct interspecies electron transfer, DIET) 반응이 활성화됨으로서 메탄생성반응이 크게 향상되었다는 것을 의미한다. UABE 반응조의 상부 1/3의 공간에 위치한 전극을 제거하였을 때, 비메탄발생율은 5.74 L/L.d로서 반응조 전체 공간에 전극을 설치한 경우와 큰 차이가 없으나, UABE 반응조 상부 2/3 공간에 설치한 전극을 제거한 경우 비메탄발생율은 5.34 L/L.d로 약 7.5% 감소하였다. 이 결과는 UABE 반응조에서 전극을 하부 1/3의 공간에만 설치한 경우 전기활성미생물도 감소하여 DIET 반응도 감소하였다는 것을 의미한다. 전극을 UABE 반응조 하부로부터 2/3 이상의 공간까지 설치하였을때 COD 제거율은 약 91.5%이었으나 반응조 하부로부터 1/3의 공간에만 설치한 경우 COD 제거율은 88.9%로 약 2.6%로 감소하였다.

왕겨에 의한 신령버섯균사체 액체배양액의 생쥐 항복수암성 증가

Young S. Kim(김영숙),Wook J. Jang(장욱진),Md. A. Rakib(라키브),Jung M. Kwon(권정민),Chae R. Ahn(안채린),So Y. Kim(김소영),Yong U. Cho(조용운),Young K. Ha(하영권),Jeong O. Kim(김정옥),Yeong L. Ha(하영래) 한국생명과학회 2010 생명과학회지 Vol.20 No.9

왕겨가 Agaricus blazei Murill (AB: 신령버섯)균사체 액체배양 추출물의 항암성을 증가시키는지에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. AB균사체를 대두박을 기본으로 한 액체배지에 다양한 조건으로 배양하여, β-glucan 함량, Brix, 균사체를 측정하여 적정 생육조건을 선정하고, 이들의 열수추출물의 S-180 cell로 유도한 mouse 복수암에 대한 항암성을 조사하였다. AB균사체는 25℃에서 5일간 배양하였을 때 최적 생육을 나타내었고, 이 배양물이 다른 조건에서 배양한 배양물보다 우수한 항암성을 나타내었다. AB균사체의 생육 및 항암성은 변온배양에 따른 효과는 없었다. 따라서 이 최적배양조건(25℃, 5일 배양)에서 AB균사체를 1% 왕겨분말이 함유된 액체배지에 배양하고, 이의 열수 추출물의 항암성을 검증하였다. 1% 왕겨가 함유된 액체배지에서 배양한 열수추출물의 항암성은 왕겨가 함유되지 않은 배지의 열수추출물보다 항암성이 유의성 있게 증가되었다(p<0.05). 왕겨의 첨가는 AB균사체의 생육을 오히려 촉진시켰다. 이 결과는 왕겨가 AB균사체 뿐 만 아니라 다른 버섯균사체 액체배양물의 항암성 증진을 위한 원료로 활용될 수 있을 것임을 의미한다. The effects of rice hull (RH) powder on the anticarcinogenic activity of submerged-liquid cultures of Agaricus blazei Murill (AB) were assessed for mouse ascites cancers induced by mouse Sarcoma S-180 (S-180) cancer cells. Optimal growth of AB mycelia in the basal liquid culture medium, containing soybean meal, was achieved by culturing at 25℃ for 5 days, when evaluated by β-glucan content, Brix, and mycelial weight, relative to other culture conditions. Hot-water extract (HWE) of the submergedliquid culture of AB mycelia grown at 25℃ for 5 days exhibited a stronger anticarcinogenic activity, relative to HWE from other culture conditions. No such effects were obtained from AB mycelial cultures by alternative temperature-controlling cultures. Both cytotoxicity for S-180 cells and anticarcinogenic potentials for mouse ascites cancer of the HWE from AB mycelia grown in the basal medium containing 1% RH powder for 5 days at 25℃ were significantly (p<0.05) enhanced, relative to HWE from the AB mycelia culture of the basal medium without RH powder. These results indicate that HWE of submerged-liquid culture of AB mycelia, incubated in media containing 1% RH powder at 25℃ for 5 days, enhanced anticarcinogenic activity against S-180 cell-induced mouse ascites cancer, and suggest that RH powder is an excellent ingredient for the improvement of the anticarcinogenic potentials of the submerged-liquid culture of mushroom mycelia.

Impact of White Matter Changes on Activities of Daily Living in Mild to Moderate Dementia

Moon, So Young,Na, Duk L.,Seo, Sang Won,Lee, Jun-Young,Ku, Bon D.,Kim, Seong Yoon,Park, Kyung Won,Shim, Yong S.,Youn, Young Chul,Chung, Chan-Seung,Cheong, Hae-Kwan,Choi, Seong Hye,Cha, Kyung Ryeol,Kim S. Karger AG 2011 European neurology Vol.65 No.4

<P>The association between white matter changes and activities of daily living (ADL) in a large, well-defined cohort of patients with mild-to-moderate dementia (either Alzheimer’s disease or subcortical vascular dementia) were investigated. A total of 289 patients were divided into three groups (140 mild, 99 moderate, and 50 severe) depending on the degree of white matter changes as indicated on brain magnetic resonance image scans. Further, we analyzed the three groups’ performances on basic and instrumental ADL. The degree of white matter changes was associated with greater age, hypertension, previous history of stroke, higher Hachinski Ischemic Score, worse global cognitive and functional status, and an increased impairment of basic ADL and instrumental ADL. The increased impairment with regard to the severe group’s performance on both the basic and instrumental ADL remained significant after adjustment for age and hypertension. Tasks involving physical activities were most significant. This was the first study investigating the association between white matter changes and ADL in a large, well-defined dementia cohort. The present study suggests that severe white matter changes may be associated with higher impairment on both basic and instrumental ADL.</P><P>Copyright © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

Structural properties of the red-color overglazes on the Kakiemon-style porcelains produced in the later 17th century by means of X-ray diffraction (I)

Hidaka, M.,Horiuchi, H.,Ohashi, K.,Wijesundera, R. P.,Kumara, L. S. R.,Choi, Jae-Young,Park, Yong Jun SciELO 2009 Cerâmica Vol.55 No.334

<▼1><P>Kakiemon-style porcelains produced at Arita areas (SAGA) in Kyushu Island are famous Japanese porcelains. The porcelain-techniques creating its elegant and bright red-color underglaze and overglaze were found and developed in 1650's (early Edo period) first by Kakiemon kiln. Red-color overglaze and transparent glaze of the Kakiemon-style porcelains have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. The results suggest that the red-color brightness is mainly induced by micro-structural correlation between α-Fe2O3 fine particles, as red-color emission elements, and other oxides of SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, KNaO, PbO. The stability of the red-overglaze on the porcelain surface is related to interfacial fusion of the glasses existing in the fritted red-overglaze and the transparent glaze on the porcelain body. The ancient porcelain-techniques of the Kakiemon-style porcelains are clearly based on the micro-structural and material properties of the overglazes, the underglazes, and the transparent glazes, though the techniques were experimentally and accidentally found and developed in the Edo period.</P></▼1><▼2><P>As porcelanas do estilo Kakiemon produzidas nas áreas de Arita (SAGA) na ilha Kyushu são porcelanas japonesas famosas. As técnicas de produzir porcelanas com os elegantes e brilhantes vidrados de cores vermelho brilhante foram encontradas e desenvolvidas nos anos 1650 (início do período Edo) primeiramente em fornos Kakiemon. Vidrados vermelhos e vidrados transparentes de porcelanas do estilo Kakiemon foram investigadas por meio de difração de raios X com radiação sincrotron. Os resultados sugerem que o brilho de cor vermelha é principalmente induzido pela correlação microestrutural entre finas partículas de α-Fe2O3, como elementos emissores de cor vermelha, além de outros óxidos como SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, KNaO, e PbO. A estabilidade dos vidrados na superfície da porcelana com vidrado vermelho está relacionada com a fusão interfacial dos vidros existentes no vidrado vermelho calcinado e o vidrado transparente do corpo da porcelana. As antigas téncias de porcelana do estilo Kakiemon são claramente baseadas nas propriedades microestruturais do material dos vidrados sobrepostos, os sub-postos e os transparentes, embora as técnicas tenham sido encontradas e desenvolvidas experimental e acidentalmente no período Edo.</P></▼2>

Suppression of cooling by strong magnetic fields in white dwarf stars

Valyavin, G.,Shulyak, D.,Wade, G. A.,Antonyuk, K.,Zharikov, S. V.,Galazutdinov, G. A.,Plachinda, S.,Bagnulo, S.,Machado, L. Fox,Alvarez, M.,Clark, D. M.,Lopez, J. M.,Hiriart, D.,Han, Inwoo,Jeon, Young Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan P 2014 Nature Vol.515 No.7525

Isolated cool white dwarf stars more often have strong magnetic fields than young, hotter white dwarfs, which has been a puzzle because magnetic fields are expected to decay with time but a cool surface suggests that the star is old. In addition, some white dwarfs with strong fields vary in brightness as they rotate, which has been variously attributed to surface brightness inhomogeneities similar to sunspots, chemical inhomogeneities and other magneto-optical effects. Here we describe optical observations of the brightness and magnetic field of the cool white dwarf WD 1953-011 taken over about eight years, and the results of an analysis of its surface temperature and magnetic field distribution. We find that the magnetic field suppresses atmospheric convection, leading to dark spots in the most magnetized areas. We also find that strong fields are sufficient to suppress convection over the entire surface in cool magnetic white dwarfs, which inhibits their cooling evolution relative to weakly magnetic and non-magnetic white dwarfs, making them appear younger than they truly are. This explains the long-standing mystery of why magnetic fields are more common amongst cool white dwarfs, and implies that the currently accepted ages of strongly magnetic white dwarfs are systematically too young.

孵化率에 미치는 卵形에 關한 硏究

조영래,정현승 진주산업대학교 1970 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

본 시험은 부화율에 미치는 卵形에 關한 연구로서 卵形이 2年生 White Leghorn의 種卵 3,200個를 卵形別로 孵化시켰던 바 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 卵形에 있어서는 卵形係數 0.7인 T_2區가 孵化率 94%로서 有意的으로 가장 좋았으며 卵形係數 0.7보다 큰 T_3區는 卵形係數 0.7보다 작은 T_4區보다 孵化率이 좋았다. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of egg shape on the hatchability. 3,200 hatching eggs laid from 2 year old white Leghorn were used by egg shape level. The results were summarized as follow: In the egg shape T_2lot(egg shape index 0.7) with 94% had the highest hatchability significantly. T_3 lot(egg shape index>0.7) had lower hatchability than T_4(egg shape index<0.7).

Patterns and Predictors of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability Derangements in Acute Ischemic Stroke

Bang, Oh Young,Saver, Jeffrey L.,Alger, Jeffry R.,Shah, Samir H.,Buck, Brian H.,Starkman, Sidney,Ovbiagele, Bruce,Liebeskind, David S. Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Stroke Vol.40 No.2

<P>BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: MRI permeability imaging is a promising approach to identify patients with acute ischemic stroke with an increased propensity for hemorrhagic transformation (HT). Permeability imaging provides direct visualization of blood-brain barrier derangements in ischemic fields. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed clinical and MRI data on patients with acute cerebral ischemia within the middle cerebral artery territory to identify the frequency, patterns, and predictors of permeability derangements and their association with HT types. RESULTS: A total of 179 permeability scans was obtained in 127 patients (59 men; mean age, 66.8 years). Among 179 image sets (82 pre-/no treatment and 97 posttreatment), permeability derangements were present in 29 images, frequently at the basal ganglia (n=23) and rarely at the juxta-cortical area (n=6). After adjusting for covariates, diastolic pressure (OR, 1.12, per 1-mm Hg increase; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.22) and s-glucose (OR, 1.04, per 1-mg/dL increase; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.07) were independently associated with pretreatment permeability derangements, whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR, 0.97, per 1-mg/dL increase; 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.99), malignant MRI profile (OR, 24.84; 95% CI, 1.50 to 412.93), and time from onset to recanalization therapy (OR, 1.47, per 1-hour increase; 95% CI, 1.10 to 1.96) were independently associated with permeability derangements after recanalization therapy. Types of HT varied among the patients with permeability derangements (no HT, 4; hemorrhagic infarct type, 12; and parenchymal hematoma, 13) and transient derangements (without subsequent HT) and normalization of derangements (in the presence of HT) on permeability images was observed in several cases. CONCLUSIONS: Permeability derangements, a dynamic process associated with ischemic stroke pathophysiology and recanalization therapy, vary in pattern and evolution toward HT. Several prognostic and therapeutic predictors for HT are independently associated with pre- and posttreatment permeability derangements.</P>

SU(2/2)초 대수를 쓴 D=5, N=2 초 중력 이론

김창호, 김기용, 이원식, 김영덕, 박영재 忠北大學校部設基礎科學硏究所 1987 自然科學硏究 Vol.1 No.1

-본문참고-

Magnetic Behaviors and Enhanced Magnetoresistance in Granular (La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Pb<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO₃)<SUB>l-x</SUB>(Fe₂O₃)<SUB>x</SUB> Composites

S. L. Young,Lance Horng,K. C. Chen,Y. H. Wu,K. M. Wu,H. Z. Chen,M. C. Kao 한국자기학회 2007 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Magnetization Processes of (La<SUB>0.7</SUB>Pb<SUB>0.3</SUB>MnO₃)<SUB>1-x</SUB>(SiO₂)<SUB>x</SUB> Composites

S. L. Young,C. H. Lin,H. Z. Chen,C.R. Ou,M. C. Kao,Lance Horng 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-