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Present Status and Future Prospects of the JT-60SA Project
S. Ishida,P. Barabaschi,Y. Kamada 한국물리학회 2014 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.65 No.8
The JT-60SA project has been implemented jointly by Europe and Japan since June 2007. Afterthe disassembly of JT-60 from the torus hall had been completed in October 2012, the projectachieved the major milestone of starting the tokamak’s assembly at the JAEA Naka site in January2013 following the completion of the cryostat base in Europe and its transport to Japan. Procurementand assembly activities for components such as the superconducting magnet, cryogenicsystem, power supply, vacuum vessel, divertor and cryostat are progressing on track towards thestart of operation in March 2019. In preparation for exploitation, the JT-60SA Research Plan wasissued in December 2011, and the research integration activities are addressing JT-60SA data management,validation and analysis tools. This paper overviews the latest evolution of the project interms of construction and exploitation for JT-60SA.
Digital silicon photomultiplier readout of a new fast and bright scintillation crystal (Ce:GFAG)
Lee, Y.S.,Leem, H.T.,Yamamoto, S.,Choi, Y.,Kamada, K.,Yoshikawa, A.,Park, S.G.,Yeom, J.Y. North-Holland 2016 Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Vol.832 No.-
A new Gadolinium Fine Aluminum Gallate (Ce:GFAG) scintillation crystal with both high energy resolution and fast timing properties has successfully been grown. Compared to Gd<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>Ga<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> (Ce:GAGG), this new inorganic scintillation crystal has a high luminosity similar to and a faster decay time. In this paper, we report on the timing and energy performance results of the new GFAG scintillation crystal read out with digital silicon photomultipliers (dSiPM) for positron emission tomography (PET) application. The best coincidence resolving time (FWHM) of polished 3x3x5mm<SUP>3</SUP> crystals was 223+/-6ps for GFAG crystals compared to 396+/-28ps for GAGG crystals and 131+/-3ps for LYSO crystals respectively. An energy resolution (511keV peak of Na-22) of 10.9+/-0.2% was attained with GFAG coupled to dSiPM after correcting for saturation effect, compared to 9.5+/-0.3% for Ce:GAGG crystals and 11.9+/-0.4% for LYSO crystals respectively. It is expected that this new scintillator may be competitive in terms of overall properties such as energy resolution, timing resolution and growing (raw material) cost, compared to existing scintillators for positron emission tomography (PET).
Hysteresis and fast timescales in transport relations of toroidal plasmas
Itoh, K.,Itoh, S.-I.,Ida, K.,Inagaki, S.,Kamada, Y.,Kamiya, K.,Dong, J.Q.,Hidalgo, C.,Evans, T.,Ko, W.H.,Park, H.,Tokuzawa, T.,Kubo, S.,Kobayashi, T.,Kosuga, Y.,Sasaki, M.,Yun, G.S.,Song, S.D.,Kasuya, International Atomic Energy Agency 2017 Nuclear fusion Vol.57 No.10
<P>This article assesses current understanding of hysteresis in transport relations, and its impact on the field. The rapid changes of fluxes compared to slow changes of plasma parameters are overviewed for both core and edge plasmas. The modulation ECH experiment is explained, in which the heating power cycles on-and-off periodically, revealing hysteresis and fast changes in the gradient–flux relation. The key finding is that hystereses were observed simultaneously in both the the gradient–flux and gradient–fluctuation relations. Hysteresis with rapid timescale exists in the channels of energy, electron and impurity densities, and plausibly in momentum. Advanced methods of data analysis are explained. Transport hysteresis can be studied by observing the higher harmonics of temperature perturbation <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn001.gif'/> in heating modulation experiments. The hysteresis introduces the term <img ALIGN='MIDDLE' ALT='$\delta T_{\rm m}$ ' SRC='http://ej.iop.org/images/0029-5515/57/10/102021/nfaa796aieqn002.gif'/>, which depends on the harmonic number <I>m</I> in an algebraic manner (not exponential decay). Next, the causes of hysteresis and its fast timescale are discussed. The nonlocal-in-space coupling works here, but does not suffice. One mechanism for ‘the heating heats turbulence’ is that the external source <I>S</I> in phase space for heating has its fluctuation in turbulent plasma. This coupling can induce the direct input of heating power into fluctuations. The height of the jump in transport hysteresis is smaller for heavier hydrogen isotopes, and could be one of the origins of isotope effects on confinement. Finally, the impacts of transport hysteresis on the control system are assessed. Control systems must be designed so as to protect the system from sudden plasma loss.</P>
Selenium Status of Soil, Herbage and Beef Cattle in Southern Thailand
Kamada, H.,Nishimura, K.,Krongyuti, P.,Sukkasame, P.,Phoengpong, N.,Intramanee, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2000 Animal Bioscience Vol.13 No.6
The selenium status of beef cattle in the southern part of Thailand and the selenium concentration of soil and herbage consumed by those animals were investigated. Samples were collected from three areas with different soil types, namely, sandy soil, peat soil and laterite soil. The selenium concentration of soil, herbage and blood plasma showed a similar tendency; the values of laterite soil were higher than those of the other two areas. However, the selenium concentration of herbage of each pasture was lower than the NRC requirement, and that of blood plasma was not in the sufficient level. These data suggested that beef cattle raised in these areas were in the chronic selenium deficiency. We concluded that selenium supplementation is needed for the increase of animal productivity in the southern part of Thailand.
Kamada, K.,Nikl, M.,Kurosawa, S.,Shoji, Y.,Pejchal, J.,Ohashi, Y.,Yokota, Y.,Yoshikawa, A. Elsevier [etc.] 2016 Journal of luminescence Vol.169 No.2
Pr doped (Lu,Gd)<SUB>3</SUB>(Ga,Al)<SUB>5</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> single crystals were grown by the micro-pulling down (μ-PD) method. The crystals were greenish and transparent with 3.0mm in diameter, 10-30mm in length. Neither visible inclusions nor cracks were observed. Luminescence and scintillation properties were measured. The substitution at the Al<SUP>3+</SUP> sites by Ga<SUP>3+</SUP> in garnet structure has been studied. The Pr<SUP>3+</SUP> 5d-4f emission is observed within 300-380nm wavelength superposed with 312nm emission line of Gd<SUP>3+</SUP>. Pr0.2%:Lu<SUB>2.5</SUB>Gd<SUB>1</SUB>Ga<SUB>3</SUB>Al<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> shows highest emission intensity. The light yield of Pr0.2%:Lu<SUB>2.5</SUB>Gd<SUB>0.5</SUB>Ga<SUB>2</SUB>Al<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>12</SUB> sample with diameter 3mmx1mm size was around 8000ph/MeV. Two-exponential approximations of scintillation decay showed 39.6ns (30.6%) and 151ns (69.4%) decay times.
Seo, S.U.,Kamada, N.,Munoz-Planillo, R.,Kim, Y.G.,Kim, D.,Koizumi, Y.,Hasegawa, M.,Himpsl, Stephanie D.,Browne, Hilary P.,Lawley, Trevor D.,Mobley, Harry L.T.,Inohara, N.,Nunez, G. Cell Press 2015 Immunity Vol.42 No.4
The microbiota stimulates inflammation, but the signaling pathways and the members of the microbiota involved remain poorly understood. We found that the microbiota induces interleukin-1β (IL-1β) release upon intestinal injury and that this is mediated via the NLRP3 inflammasome. Enterobacteriaceae and in particular the pathobiont Proteus mirabilis, induced robust IL-1β release that was comparable to that induced by the pathogen Salmonella. Upon epithelial injury, production of IL-1β in the intestine was largely mediated by intestinal Ly6C<SUP>high</SUP> monocytes, required chemokine receptor CCR2 and was abolished by deletion of IL-1β in CCR2<SUP>+</SUP> blood monocytes. Furthermore, colonization with P. mirabilis promoted intestinal inflammation upon intestinal injury via the production of hemolysin, which required NLRP3 and IL-1 receptor signaling in vivo. Thus, upon intestinal injury, selective members of the microbiota stimulate newly recruited monocytes to induce NLRP3-dependent IL-1β release, which promotes inflammation in the intestine.
Systematic Study on KeV-Neutron Capture Reaction of Se Isotopes
M. Igashira,S. Kamada,T. Katabuchi,M. Mizumoto 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.23
Systematic measurements and calculations of neutron capture cross sections and capture gamma-ray spectra of all stable Se isotopes ^(74, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82)Se were performed in a neutron energy region from 10 to 600 keV, using a pulsed neutron source by the ^7Li(p,n)^7Be reaction. Highly isotopically enriched Se samples and standard Au samples were used. The capture gamma rays from each sample were detected with an anti-Compton NaI(Tl) spectrometer by means of a time-of-flight method. The capture cross sections were derived by using a pulse-height weighting technique and the standard capture cross sections of ^(197)Au. The capture gamma-ray spectra were obtained by unfolding the observed capture gamma-ray pulse-height spectra. In the calculations, a computer code, POD, was utilized. The calculated results were compared with the experimental results. The present experimental and calculated results were compared with previous measurements and evaluated values.