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Hyaluronidase-inhibitory activities of glycosaminoglycans from Liparis tessellatus eggs
Ticar, B.F.,Rohmah, Z.,Mussatto, S.I.,Lim, J.M.,Park, S.,Choi, B.D. Applied Science Publishers 2017 Carbohydrate polymers Vol.161 No.-
Polysaccharide fractions isolated from L. tessellatus eggs were purified and eluted using the DEAE-sepharose fast flow column. These were collected, tested and pooled based on their sugars content: F1, F2, and F3 which contain 26.8, 23.3, and 20.2% sulfated glycans; 34.5, 38.2, and 45.0% uronic acids; and 23.5, 19.0, and 7.5% acetylhexosamines and hexosamines, respectively. Hyaluronidase inhibitory effects of the fractions are in the order F3>F2>F1>Ascorbic acid, with F3 having the highest inhibition among the fractions and that of the standard, ascorbic acid. The electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) confirmed the presence of uronic acids on F3, which could be a <SUP>0,2</SUP>A<SUB>2</SUB> fragment plus loss of methyl group which is very common among non-methylated, sulfated disaccharides.
Cho, S.B.,Lee, H.J.,Chung, I.B.,Long, H.F.,Lim, J.S.,Kim, Y.Y.,Han, In K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2008 Animal Bioscience Vol.21 No.2
This experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two energy levels and four lysine:digestible energy (DE) ratios on the apparent digestibility of nutrients in finishing pigs. The experiment was conducted using a $2{\times}4$ randomized complete block (RCB) design with three replicates. Twenty-four cross-bred finishing barrows ((Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire)${\times}$Duroc) with an average body weight of $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ were assigned to one of eight treatments. Each barrow was placed in an individual metabolism crate and dietary treatment and water was provided ad libitum. Diets were designed to contain lysine:ME ratios of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 g/Mcal at 3.35 and 3.6 Mcal/kg of diet in a $4{\times}2$ factorial arrangement. Dry matter (DM), ash, Ca and P digestibility were not affected by energy density or lysine:DE ratios. Crude fat digestibility increased as the energy density increased from 3.35 to 3.6 Mcal of DE/kg. Increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased crude protein digestibility. There were no interactions between energy density and lysine:DE ratio in terms of nutrient digestibility. Nitrogen excretion via feces was not affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio, while nitrogen excretion via urine was significantly affected by energy density and lysine:DE ratio. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for isoluecine, arginine and aspartic acid as well as average values of essential amino (EAA), non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acid digestibility (p>0.05) were not affected by energy density. The apparent digestibility of all amino acids except for leucine, proline, alanine and tyrosine, NEAA and total amino acid digestibility were significantly affected by lysine: DE ratio (p<0.05). Interactive effects of energy and lysine:DE ratio also significantly affected amino acid digestibility except for isoleucine, alanine, cystine, leucine, phenylalanine, glutamine and proline (p<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that maintaining the appropriate lysine:DE ratio becomes more important as the energy density of the diet increases. Consequently, increasing the lysine:DE ratio can result in increased crude protein digestibility and urinary nitrogen excretion, although apparent protein digestibility and nitrogen excretion were not affected by energy density Furthermore, increasing the lysine:DE ratio also increased the apparent digestibility of essential amino acids, except for leucine, regardless of energy density. The optimum lysine:DE ratio for maximum essential amino acid digestibility of the $64.2{\pm}0.69kg$ pig is approximately 2.4 g of lysine/Mcal of DE.
Amelioration of neurodegenerative diseases by cell death-induced cytoplasmic delivery of humanin
Park, T.Y.,Kim, S.H.,Shin, Y.C.,Lee, N.H.,Lee, R.K.C.,Shim, J.H.,Glimcher, L.H.,Mook-Jung, I.,Cheong, E.,Kim, W.K.,Honda, F.,Morio, T.,Lim, J.S.,Lee, S.K. Elsevier Science Publishers 2013 Journal of controlled release Vol.166 No.3
Inhibition of the early intracellular event that triggers neurodegenerative cascades and reversal of neuronal cell death are essential for effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, a novel therapeutic for AD, a transducible humanin with an extended caspase-3 cleavage sequence (tHN-C3), was developed and showed multiple mechanisms of therapeutic action. These included targeted delivery of anti-apoptotic protein humanin through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to neuronal cells, specific inhibition of caspase-3 activation to inhibit the early triggering of AD progression, and delivery of humanin into the cytoplasm of neuronal cells undergoing apoptosis where it exerts its anti-apoptotic functions effectively. The tHN-C3 prevented neuronal cell death induced by H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>, or soluble Aβ<SUB>42</SUB>, via Bax binding. In animal models of AD induced by amyloid beta, in Tg2576 mice, and in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke, tHN-C3 effectively prevented neuronal cell death, inflammatory cell infiltration into the brain, and improved cognitive memory. The therapeutic effectiveness of tHN-C3 was comparable to that of Aricept, a clinically approved drug for AD treatment. Therefore, tHN-C3 may be a new remedy with multiple therapeutic functions targeting the early and late stages of neurodegeneration in AD and other brain injuries.
Validation of ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart FISH Probe probe in non-small-cell lung cancer
Lim, S.M.,Chang, H.,Cha, Y.J.,Liang, S.,Tai, Y.C.,Li, G.,Pestova, E.,Policht, F.,Perez, T.,Soo, R.A.,Park, W.Y.,Kim, H.R.,Shim, H.S.,Cho, B.C. Elsevier Scientific Publishers 2017 Lung cancer Vol.111 No.-
Background: ALK and ROS1 gene rearrangements are distinct molecular subsets of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and they are strong predictive biomarkers of response to ALK/ROS1 inhibitors, such as crizotinib. Thus, it is clinically important to develop an effective screening strategy to detect patients who will benefit from such treatment. In this study, we aimed to validate analytical performance of Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit (RUO) in NSCLC. Methods: Study population composed of three patient cohorts with histologically confirmed lung adenocarcinoma (patients with ALK rearrangement, patients with ROS1 rearrangement and patients with wild-type ALK and ROS1). Specimens consisted of 12 ALK-positive, 8 ROS1-positive and 21 ALK/ROS1-wild type formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples obtained from surgical resection or excisional biopsy. ALK rearrangement was previously assessed by Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit (Abbott Molecular, Abbot Park, IL, USA) and ROS1 rearrangement was previously assessed by ZytoLight<SUP>®</SUP> SPEC ROS1 Break Apart Probe (ZytoVision, GmbH). All specimens were re-evaluated by Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit. FISH images were scanned on BioView AllegroPlus system and interpreted via BioView SoloWeb remotely. Results: For a total of 41 patient samples, the concordance of the results by Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit was evaluated and compared to the known ALK and ROS1 rearrangement status of the specimen. Of the 12 ALK-positive cases, hybridization with Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit was successful in 10 cases (success rate 10/12, 83%) and of these 10 cases, all showed ALK rearrangement (100% concordance with the results of Vysis ALK Break Apart FISH Probe Kit). Two of the ALK+ cases were excluded due to weak ROS1 signals that could not be enumerated. Of the 8 ROS1-positive cases, 6 cases were successfully evaluated using Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit. The success rate was 75% (6/8), and of these 6 cases, all showed ROS1 rearrangement, giving a 100% concordance with ZytoLight<SUP>®</SUP> SPEC ROS1 Break Apart Probe. Two of the cases were excluded due to weak ROS1 gold signal or high background. In the cohort of 21 wild-type cases, the success rate using Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart FISH Probe Kit was 85% (18/21) and the concordance with ALK and ROS1 probe kit was 100% (18/18). Conclusion: Vysis ALK/ROS1 Dual Break Apart Probe Kit (RUO) can detect ALK and ROS1 rearrangement simultaneously in NSCLC.
Predisposition to and effects of methamphetamine use on the adolescent brain
Lyoo, I K,Yoon, S,Kim, T S,Lim, S M,Choi, Y,Kim, J E,Hwang, J,Jeong, H S,Cho, H B,Chung, Y A,Renshaw, P F Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Molecular psychiatry Vol.20 No.12
Adolescence is a period of heightened vulnerability both to addictive behaviors and drug-induced brain damage. Yet, only limited information exists on the brain mechanisms underlying these adolescent-specific characteristics. Moreover, distinctions in brain correlates between predisposition to drug use and effects of drugs in adolescents are unclear. Using cortical thickness and diffusion tensor image analyses, we found greater and more widespread gray and white matter alterations, particularly affecting the frontostriatal system, in adolescent methamphetamine (MA) users compared with adult users. Among adolescent-specific gray matter alterations related to MA use, smaller cortical thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex was associated with family history of drug use. Our findings highlight that the adolescent brain, which undergoes active myelination and maturation, is more vulnerable to MA-related alterations than the adult brain. Furthermore, MA-use-related executive dysfunction was greater in adolescent MA users than in adult users. These findings may provide explanation for the severe behavioral complications and relapses that are common in adolescent-onset drug addiction. Additionally, these results may provide insights into distinguishing the neural mechanisms that underlie the predisposition to drug addiction from effects of drugs in adolescents.
Electrochemical supercapacitors of electrodeposited PANI/H-RuO<sub>2</sub> hybrid nanostructure
Shaikh, S.F.,Lim, J.Y.,Joo, O.S. Elsevier 2013 Current Applied Physics Vol.13 No.4
Electrodeposited mixed nanostructures composed of conducting polyaniline (PANI) and hydrous ruthenium oxide (H-RuO<SUB>2</SUB>) referred as a hybrid nanostructure was synthesized. The surface morphology was investigated from the field-emission scanning electron microscopy digital photoimages. Fibrous network of PANI and spheres of H-RuO<SUB>2</SUB> were obtained. PANI embedded H-RuO<SUB>2</SUB> was confirmed from the Raman spectroscopy analysis. Cyclic-voltammetry, used to characterize the electrochemical capacitive properties of hybrid PANI/H-RuO<SUB>2</SUB> (RP 30) nanostructure, showed a specific capacitance as high as 322 F/g in 0.5 M H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> electrolyte. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurement revealed the low equivalent series resistance.