Stabilization of electron-scale turbulence by electron density gradient in national spherical torus experiment

Ruiz Ruiz, J.,Ren, Y.,Guttenfelder, W.,White, A. E.,Kaye, S. M.,Leblanc, B. P.,Mazzucato, E.,Lee, K. C.,Domier, C. W.,Smith, D. R.,Yuh, H. American Institute of Physics 2015 Physics of plasmas Vol.22 No.12

Female Breast Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Mexico, 2000-2010

Anaya-Ruiz, Maricruz,Vallejo-Ruiz, Veronica,Flores-Mendoza, Lilian,Perez-Santos, Martin Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.3

The objective of this study was to investigate the recent incidence and mortality trends for breast cancer in Mexican females. Data between 2000 and 2010 from the Department of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health, and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) were analyzed. Age-standardized rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs) were calculated. The absolute incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer increased: 3,726 and 4,615 in 2000 to 8,545 and 4,966 in 2010, respectively. Incidence increased over time in all age groups tested, the 60-64 age group had the highest ASR (57.4 per 100,000 women in 2010), while the 20-44 age group had the lowest ASR (12.3 in 2010). The results show that incidence of breast cancer has increased in Mexico during last one decade, especially among older women, while the downturn observed in mortality mainly reflects improved survival as a result of earlier diagnosis and better cancer treatment.

LA EXPERIENCIA EN PRISIÓN DE EXPOLICÍAS SENTENCIADOS POR SECUESTRO EN MÉXICO

Miquel Ángel Ruiz Torres,Elena Azaola Institute of Iberoamerican Studies Pusan Universit 2012 International Journal of Latin American Studies Vol.2 No.2

Resumen. Durante el primer mes de la presidencia de Felipe Calderón en 2006, los reclusos condenados por el delito de secuestro fueron concentrados en módulos de alta seguridad en algunas cárceles mexicanas. Esta política de agrupación de tales internos se dijo obedecer a la necesidad de incrementar la seguridad y vigilancia alrededor de los delincuentes más peligrosos. Entre ellos había ex policías encarcelados como consecuencia de varias sentencias en su contra por delitos de privación ilegal de libertad (además de otros delitos) cometidos durante el ejercicio de su labor profesional. En general, estos ex policías expresaron la creencia de que con su encarcelamiento se había cometido una enorme injusticia contra ellos. Basándose en diferentes entrevistas etnográficas llevadas a cabo a finales de 2006 en la penitenciaría de Santa Martha Acatitla, ubicada en la Ciudad de México, a un total de 35 reclusos varones ex policías (que constituían el total de los mismos en dicho módulo), este artículo trata de comprender por qué estos hombres continuaban sintiéndose inocentes a pesar de reconocer en muchos casos haber cometido el crimen por el que se les condenaba. El objetivo principal de este texto es evaluar hasta qué punto la experiencia carcelaria precarizada y subordinada que viven estos presos viene marcada por los requerimientos de las reglas informales que asumieron y de la identidad social que pactaron cuando fueron policías. Teniendo en cuenta el itinerario interrumpido de los ex policías que los ha llevado a estar encerrados, este artículo pretende aportar conocimiento sobre el alcance de la relación y los elementos compartidos entre la cultura policial y la cultura carcelaria. Buscando estos nexos en común se harán algunas aportaciones a la discusión teórica sobre qué rasgos comparten y cómo se construyen aquellas culturas locales que surgen del dispositivo institucional jurídico punitivo del Estado y de sus efectos de poder sobre individuos y cuerpos especialmente en relación a los modos de vida generados como consecuencia de las prácticas informales e ilegales. Abstract. During the first months of President Felipe Calderon in 2006 prisoners convicted of kidnapping were concentrated in high-security modules in some Mexican prisons. This policy of grouping prisoners obeyed, as the rulers, the need for increased security and safety on the most dangerous criminals. Among them were ex police officers jailed as a result of judgments against him for crimes of kidnapping (and other crimes) committed in the exercise of their professional work. Between the ex police officers there was a common belief that they have been unfairly treated. Based on different ethnographic interviews conducted in late 2006 in the prison of Santa Martha Acatitla, located in Mexico City, to a total of 35 male ex police officers inmates (being all the ex police in prison module), this article tries to explain in part why these men kept feeling innocents regardless of the fact that they didn’t deny having been committed the crime they have been charged with. The main purpose of this paper is to evaluate to which extends the precarious existence these inmates have in prison has to do with the requirements and informal rules they learned and the social identity they agree while they were police officers. Taking into account the interrupted itinerary they had as police officers, this article tries to yield some knowledge between the share elements of the police and the prison subcultures. Trying to identify those common elements, we participate in the theoretical debate about those common features and about how those subcultures are built as a result of the punitive State power and of its effects in individuals and their bodies, especially in relation to a way of life that is a consequence of informal and illegal practices. Miquel Ángel Ruiz Torres ∙ Elena Azaola 141 Palabras Clave: Policía, prisión, secuestro, cultura policial, cultura carcelaria Key Words: Police, prison, kidnapping, police culture, prison culture

Effect of Soluble Fiber on the Physicochemical Properties of Cactus Pear (Opuntia ficus indica) Encapsulated Using Spray Drying

Martha Graciela Ruiz-Gutiérrez,Carlos Abel Amaya-Guerra,Armando Quintero-Ramos,Teresita de Jesús Ruiz-Anchondo,Janeth Alejandra Gutiérrez-Uribe,Juan Gabriel Baez-González,Daniel Lardizabal-Gutiérrez,K 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

The effects of red cactus pear encapsulationusing spray drying with soluble fiber were evaluated. Cactus pear juice was mixed with 15, 22.5, or 30% solublefiber and dried at 160, 180, or 200ºC. Juice showed highlevels of polyphenols, quercetin, kaempferol, isoharmetin,betacyanins, betaxanthins, and a high antioxidant activity. Increased soluble fiber amounts significantly (p<0.05)increased the pH, aw, water solubility index (WSI), L*, andb* values. Levels of polyphenols and betacyanins decreasedsignificantly (p<0.05) as the soluble fiber content and thedrying temperature increased, respectively. Encapsulationat 160ºC and 22.5% of soluble fiber yielded good physicalproperties and high bioactive compounds. Microscopicanalysis showed spherically shaped capsules, the shapewas affected by the concentration of added soluble fiber. Low soluble fiber concentrations were associated withmore collapsed capsules. Soluble fiber for encapsulatingcactus pear resulted in a powder with good properties thatcan be used as a food ingredient.

A cost-effective method to prepare size-controlled nanoscale zero-valent iron for nitrate reduction

Claudio Adrian Ruiz-Torres,Rene Fernando Araujo-Martinez,Gabriel Alejandro Martinez-Cas,J. Elpidio Morales-Sanchez,Tae-Jin Lee,Hyun-Sang Shin,Yuhoon Hwang,Abel Hurtado-Macias,Facundo Ruiz 대한환경공학회 2019 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.24 No.3

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) has proved to be an effective tool in applied environmental nanotechnology, where the decreased particle diameter provides a drastic change in the properties and efficiency of nanomaterials used in water purification. However, the agglomeration and colloidal instability represent a problematic and a remarkable reduction in nZVI reactivity. In view of that, this study reports a simple and cost-effective new strategy for ultra-small (< 7.5%) distributed functionalized nZVI-EG (1-9 ㎚), with high colloidal stability and reduction capacity. These were obtained without inert conditions, using a simple, economical synthesis methodology employing two stabilization mechanisms based on the use of non-aqueous solvent (methanol) and ethylene glycol (EG) as a stabilizer. The information from UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggests iron ion coordination by interaction with methanol molecules. Subsequently, after nZVI formation, particle-surface modification occurs by the addition of the EG. Size distribution analysis shows an average diameter of 4.23 ㎚ and the predominance (> 90%) of particles with sizes < 6.10 ㎚. Evaluation of the stability of functionalized nZVI by sedimentation test and a dynamic light-scattering technique, demonstrated very high colloidal stability. The ultra-small particles displayed a rapid and high nitrate removal capacity from water.

Mobility-Aware Mesh Construction Algorithm for Low Data-Overhead Multicast Ad Hoc Routing

Ruiz, Pedro M.,Antonio F., Gomez-Skarmeta The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2004 Journal of communications and networks Vol.6 No.4

We study the problem of controlling data overhead of mesh-based multicast ad hoc routing protocols by adaptively adding redundancy to the minimal data overhead multicast mesh as required by the network conditions. We show that the computation of the minimal data overhead multicast mesh is NP-complete, and we propose an heuristic approximation algorithm inspired on epidemic algorithms. In addition, we propose a mobility-aware and adaptive mesh construction algorithm based on a probabilistic path selection being able to adapt the reliability of the multicast mesh to the mobility of the network. Our simulation results show that the proposed approach, when implemented into ODMRP, is able to offer similar performance results and a lower average latency while reducing data overhead between 25 to 50% compared to the original ODMRP.

Preparation of air stable nanoscale zero valent iron functionalized by ethylene glycol without inert condition

Ruiz-Torres, Claudio Adrian,Araujo-Martí,nez, René,Fernando,Martí,nez-Castañ,ó,n, Gabriel Alejandro,Morales-Sá,nchez, J. Elpidio,Guajardo-Pacheco, Jesú,s Mar& Elsevier 2018 Chemical Engineering Journal Vol.336 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The use of nanoscale zero-valent iron has been widely studied in recent years for potential application in environmental engineering, due to its affinity for a large number of contaminants, which may be in aqueous or solid phase, and for its abundance, which makes it an attractive tool for environmental remediation. However, there exist some variables in the production of nZVI that complicate the generation of the material, such as the complex methodologies of synthesis and the cost of inert conditions like nitrogen or argon atmosphere, which have the purpose of preventing the oxidation and reducing the instability of the material under ambient conditions. As a simple and economical synthesis methodology, this work presents an optimized method to synthesize functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) using ethylene glycol (EG) without need for inert conditions. The coordination of iron ions during the nZVI-EG synthesis and the functionalization mechanism of the nanoparticles were identified by UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Functionalized nZVI showed increased dispersibility due to the effects of steric repulsion between the grafted polymers. Ethylene glycol functionalized nZVI showed stability against oxidation during dry atmospheric condition, while significant oxidation was observed in the case of unfunctionalized nZVI. This result was also correlated with actual capacity for contaminant reduction. Therefore, the possibility was verified of using ethylene glycol in an effective surface modification method to prepare air stable nZVI for environmental remediation.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Air-stable nZVI could be prepared by ethylene glycol without inert condition. </LI> <LI> Smaller and narrower size distribution could be obtained by functionalization. </LI> <LI> The nZVI-EG exhibited a protection effect against oxidation in oxic conditions. </LI> <LI> The reaction kinetics was not hindered by the organic functionalization agent EG. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Characterization of tannin extracts derived from the bark of four tree species by HPLC and FTIR

Ruiz-Aquino Faustino,Feria-Reyes Rossy,Rutiaga-Quiñones José Guadalupe,Robledo-Taboada Luis Humberto,Gabriel-Parra Rosalío 한국산림과학회 2023 Forest Science And Technology Vol.19 No.1

The objective of this work was the extraction and quantification of tannins obtained from the bark of four tree species from the forests of Ixtlan de Juarez, Oaxaca, Mexico (Arbutus xalapensis Kunth., Prunus serotina Ehrh., Quercus crassifolia Humb. and Bonpl., and Quercus laurina Humb. and Bonpl.), In this extraction process, 90% ethanol was used as solvent at an extraction temperature of 70 C for 2 h. The quantification of phenolic compounds, condensed tannins, and percentage of total extract, were obtained using the Stiasny number. The total extracts were 12.87, 16.38, 19.31, and 25.68% for P. serotina, Q. laurina, Q. crassifolia, and A. xalapensis, respectively. The condensed tannins were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) where at 1626 cm1 is observed an isomerization that implies a rotation between the C and B rings that corresponding at elongation of bonds in benzene structure of catechin. The purity of the extracted tannins was analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The effectiveness of the extraction process was proven; the importance of knowing the amount of tannins will promote the utilization of the bark of these species. The results of the condensed tannin content place Quercus crasifolia (10.29%) and Arbutus xalapensis (13.12%) as potential sources of tannins.

Algorithms to measure carbonation depth in concrete structures sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution

Ruiz, Christian C.,Caballero, Jose L.,Martinez, Juan H.,Aperador, Willian A. Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.3

Many failures of concrete structures are related to steel corrosion. For this reason, it is important to recognize how the carbonation can affect the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The repeatability of the carbonation depth measure in a specimen of concrete sprayed with a phenolphthalein solution is consistently low whereby it is necessary to have an impartial method to measure the carbonation depth. This study presents two automatic algorithms to detect the non-carbonated zone in concrete specimens. The first algorithm is based solely on digital processing image (DPI), mainly morphological and threshold techniques. The second algorithm is based on artificial intelligence, more specifically on an array of Kohonen networks, but also using some DPI techniques to refine the results. Moreover, another algorithm was developed with the purpose of measure the carbonation depth from the image obtained previously.

Inverse behavior of IL-23R and IL-17RA in chronic and aggressive periodontitis

Ruiz-Gutierrez, Alondra del Carmen,Rodriguez-Montano, Ruth,Pita-Lopez, Maria Luisa,Zamora-Perez, Ana Lourdes,Guerrero-Velazquez, Celia Korean Academy of Periodontology 2021 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.51 No.4

Purpose: Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiosis of periodontopathic bacteria, which stimulate the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis that plays an essential role in the immunopathogenesis of this disease, leading to alveolar bone destruction through receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). IL-23 receptor mRNA (IL-23R) has been identified in periodontitis, and IL-17 receptor A mRNA (IL-17RA) and its protein have not yet been evaluated in patients with periodontitis. In this study was measure IL-23R and IL-17RA in gingival tissue (GT) from patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) and to explore correlations with clinical parameters. Methods: We included 16 healthy subjects (HS), 18 patients with GCP, and 14 with GAP. GT samples were collected during periodontal surgery. Both IL-23R and IL-17RA were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The results were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman' rank correlation coefficients using SPSS version 25.0. We found lower IL-23R levels in patients with GCP and GAP than in HS. Contrarily, we observed higher IL-17RA levels in GCP and GAP patients than in HS. Moreover, we found negative correlations between IL-23R in GT and probing depth and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Likewise, a positive correlation of IL-17RA in GT with CAL was found. Conclusions: The results of these findings suggest that the reverse behavior between IL-23R and IL-17RA in periodontitis patients may also be involved with the activation of RANKL, which promotes alveolar bone loss.