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Consequences of Obesity on the Sense of Taste: Taste Buds as Treatment Targets?
Kerstin Rohde,Imke Schamarek,Matthias Blüher 대한당뇨병학회 2020 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.44 No.4
Premature obesity-related mortality is caused by cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical disabilities, osteoarthritis, and certain types of cancer. Obesity is caused by a positive energy balance due to hyper-caloric nutrition, low physical activity, and energy expenditure. Overeating is partially driven by impaired homeostatic feedback of the peripheral energy status in obesity. However, food with its different qualities is a key driver for the reward driven hedonic feeding with tremendous consequences on calorie consumption. In addition to visual and olfactory cues, taste buds of the oral cavity process the earliest signals which affect the regulation of food intake, appetite and satiety. Therefore, taste buds may play a crucial role how food related signals are transmitted to the brain, particularly in priming the body for digestion during the cephalic phase. Indeed, obesity development is associated with a significant reduction in taste buds. Impaired taste bud sensitivity may play a causal role in the pathophysiology of obesity in children and adolescents. In addition, genetic variation in taste receptors has been linked to body weight regulation. This review discusses the importance of taste buds as contributing factors in the development of obesity and how obesity may affect the sense of taste, alterations in food preferences and eating behavior.
Scheyerer Max Joseph,Rohde Axel,Stuermer Konrad Johannes,Kluenter Heinz-Dieter,Bredow Jan,Oikonomidis Stavros,Klußmann Jens Peter,Eysel Peer,Eysel-Gosepath Kathrin 대한척추외과학회 2021 Asian Spine Journal Vol.15 No.5
The physiopathogenesis of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis remains unknown. However, a multifactorial pathogenesis is being assumed. Besides biomechanical, biochemical, and genetic factors, some studies have focused on congenital or acquired abnormalities in the vestibular organ with consecutive development of scoliosis. This study aims to analyze a possible correlation between any vestibular organ congenital or acquired pathologies and scoliosis based on the current literature. Therefore, we conducted a literature search in three databases, with search terms such as “scoliosis,” “organ of balance,” “idiopathic scoliosis,” “vestibular organ,” “spine,” and “balance.” Fifteen studies were selected and used for research. The relationship between scoliosis and vestibular organ abnormalities was recorded from all included works. Seven studies demonstrated a direct correlation between vestibular organ anatomical abnormalities and the form of the scoliotic spine. Another study confirmed the influence of the pathology of the vestibular organ on scoliosis but questioned whether it had an impact on the formation or the progression of the curvature. Others demonstrated a temporal overlap of the embryonic development of the vestibular organ and the beginning of pre-scoliotic characteristics, but their relationship remained questionable. In three studies, the correlation remained unclear, and any context has been denied. It seems unlikely that an isolated vestibular disorder can trigger structural scoliosis. However, the vestibular system pathologies may certainly occur in the multifactorial genesis of idiopathic scoliosis. Whether the correlation refers to the expression or the progression of scoliosis or may even have an influence on both remains unclear. New treatment options could be derived from these findings with a positive influence on the course of the deformity.
de Visser, S.P.,Rohde, J.U.,Lee, Y.M.,Cho, J.,Nam, W. Elsevier Publishing Company 2013 Coordination chemistry reviews Vol.257 No.2
Iron-oxygen species, such as iron(IV)-oxo, iron(III)-superoxo, iron(III)-peroxo, and iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes, are key intermediates often detected in the catalytic cycles of dioxygen activation by heme and nonheme iron enzymes. Our understanding of the chemistry of these key intermediates has improved greatly by studies of the structural and spectroscopic properties and reactivities of their synthetic analogues. One class of biomimetic coordination complexes that has proven to be particularly versatile in studying dioxygen activation by metal complexes is comprised of Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>?O and Fe<SUP>III</SUP>?O<SUB>2</SUB>(H) complexes of the macrocyclic tetramethylcyclam ligand (TMC, 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). Several recent advances have been made in the synthesis and isolation of new iron-oxygen complexes of this ligand, their structural and spectroscopic characterization, and elucidation of their reactivities in various oxidation reactions. In this review, we summarize the chemistry of the first structurally characterized mononuclear nonheme iron(IV)-oxo complex, in which the Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>?O group was stabilized by the TMC ligand. Complexes with different axial ligands, [Fe<SUP>IV</SUP>(O)(TMC)(X)]<SUP>n+</SUP>, and complexes of other cyclam ligands are discussed as well. Very recently, significant progress has also been reported in the area of other iron-oxygen intermediates, such as iron(III)-superoxo, iron(III)-peroxo, and iron(III)-hydroperoxo complexes bearing the TMC ligand. The present results demonstrate how synthetic and mechanistic developments in biomimetic research can advance our understanding of dioxygen activation occurring in mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes.
Bhargavaea indica sp. nov., a Member of the Phylum Firmicutes, Isolated from Arabian Sea Sediment
Pankaj Verma,성치남,Prashant Kumar Pandey,Ramesh Ramchandra Bhonde,Cathrin Spröer,Manfred Rohde,Yogesh Shreepad Shouche 한국미생물학회 2013 The journal of microbiology Vol.51 No.1
A Gram-positive, aerobic, coccoid-rod shaped, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive bacterium, designated strain KJW98T, was isolated from the marine sediment of Karwar jetty, west coast of India. The strain was β-haemolytic, nonendospore-forming and grew with 0–8.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 15–48°C and at pH 6.5–9.0, with optimum growth with 0.5% (w/v) NaCl, at 42°C and at pH 7.0–8.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences showed that strain KJW98T forms a lineage within the genus Bhargavaea. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain KJW98T with B. beijingensis DSM 19037T, B. cecembensis LMG 24411T and B. ginsengi DSM 19038T were 43.2, 39 and 26.5%, respectively. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (37.7%), iso-C15:0 (19.7%), anteiso-C17:0 (17.0%) and iso-C16:0 (11.1%). The predominant menaquinone was MK-8 and the cell-wall peptidoglycan was of A4α type with L-lysine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. The phenotypic, genotypic and DNA–DNA relatedness data indicate that strain KJW98T should be distinguished from the members of the genus Bhargavaea, for which the name Bhargavaea indica sp. nov. is proposed with the type strain KJW98T (=KCTC 13583T=LMG 25219T).
Design Guidelines of Elevated Buildings for Antarctic Environment (Ⅰ)-Wind Load
D.H.Kim(金東爀),K.C.S. Kwok,H.F. Rohde 한국해양공학회 1990 韓國海洋工學會誌 Vol.4 No.2
南極建物은 南極의 거센 바람 및 이에 수반되는 積雪現象을 피하기 위해 땅에서 띄우는 高床式 및 地下에 設置하는, 두가지의 形態를 취하고 있다. 高床式의 경우 建物밑으로 바람을 通하게 함으로써 積雪現象을 피하는데 效果的이기는 하나 南極의 거센 바람에 對應하기 위하여 構造的인 問題를 해결해야 하는 취약점을 지니고 있다. 本 硏究는 境界層難流風洞을 利用하여 高床式 南極建物에 가해지는 風何重을 把握함으로서 南極建物의 design guideline을 提示하였다.
Compact Bent-Corner Orthogonal Beam Switching Antenna Module for 5G Mobile Devices
Karthikeya G. S.,Koul Shiban K.,Poddar Ajay K.,Rohde Ulrich L. 한국전자파학회 2022 Journal of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science Vol.22 No.1
Typically, users engage with smartphones in either single-hand or dual-hand mode. To design antennas that operate at 28 GHz and have high pattern integrity for both modes of operation, an orthogonal beam switching module is required as a single phased-arrays would fail. First, a corner bent corporate fed array operating at 28 GHz is proposed, which has a forward gain of 8.5 dBi and a high-front-to-back ratio of 20 dB. Second, a corner bent printed Yagi antenna that also operates in the 28 GHz band is proposed. Both the corner bent antennas are compatible with the panel edge of commercial smartphones. The radiation from both antennas is mostly directed away from the user. A corner bent co-polarized orthogonal beam switching module is presented and characterized. The antenna module also has a shared ground, making it a potential candidate for future 5G smartphones. Detailed results are presented with adequate justification.