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- 저자 : Roemer, Bodo (검색결과 5 건)
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Roemer, Max,Heinrich, Darina,Kang, Youn Kyung,Chung, YoungKeun,Lentz, Dieter American ChemicalSociety 2012 Organometallics Vol.31 No.4
<P>Diastereomerically pure 1,1′-diiodoferroceneswith bulkyalkyl groups in 3,3′ positions are obtained by a dilithiationstrategy of 1,1′-di-<I>tert</I>-butylferrocene (<B>1a</B>) and 1,1′-bis(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)ferrocene (<B>1b</B>). The 3,3′-dilithiated species are converted totri-<I>n</I>-butyltin derivatives (<B>3a</B> and <B>3b</B>), which smoothly undergo a tin–iodine exchange reaction,yielding 1,1′-diiodo-3,3′-di-<I>tert</I>-butylferrocene(<B>4a</B>) and 1,1′-diiodo-3,3′-bis(1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl)ferrocene(<B>4b</B>). Negishi-type coupling reactions with trifluorovinylzincchloride afforded the highly reactive 1,1′-bis(trifluorovinyl)ferroceneswith <I>tert</I>-butyl groups (<B>5a</B>) or 1-ethyl-1-methylpropylgroups (<B>5b</B>) in 3,3′-positions in excellent yields. <B>5a</B> and <B>5b</B> undergo under redox-conditions cyclizationsto ferrocenophanes by a redox-autocatalytic mechanism. The main productfour-carbon handle ferrocenophanes consist of CF<SUB>2</SUB> moietiesin β-positions and one carbonyl function and one C(F)(H) unit(<B>6a</B> and <B>6c</B>) or two carbonyl functions (<B>6b</B> and <B>6d</B>) in α-positions. A ferrocenophanewith a highly fluorinated handle bearing seven fluorine atoms (<B>6e</B>) was isolated as a byproduct. Formation of cyclic etherderivatives by unusual intramolecular substitution of fluorine isdemonstrated for the case of <B>6a</B>. Several new fluorinatedferrocenes were isolated and analyzed, including <SUP>1</SUP>H, <SUP>13</SUP>C, and <SUP>19</SUP>F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies.Molecular structures of five fluorinated ferrocenophanes by <I>tert</I>-butyl groups were elucidated with X-ray single-crystaldiffraction. Influences of the electron-withdrawing fluorous substituentsand the electron-donating alkyl groups on the redox behavior of theiron center were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/orgnd7/2012/orgnd7.2012.31.issue-4/om2009765/production/images/medium/om-2011-009765_0017.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/om2009765'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
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Immigrant Status, Parenting, and Trajectories of Substance Use
Haebong Woo,Michael Roemer 한국사회학회 2008 韓國社會學 Vol.42 No.4
Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, this study examines differences in health risk behavior trajectories for immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents in the U.S. It also investigates how parenting behaviors mediate the effects of immigrant status on health risk behaviors. The data indicate that first-generation immigrant adolescents show significantly lower levels of alcohol, cigarette, and marijuana use at baseline. With respect to the trajectories of substances, however, first generation-immigrants demonstrate steeper development in alcohol drinking compared to non-immigrant adolescents but not in cigarette or marijuana use. The data also suggest that healthier behaviors among first-generation immigrant adolescents can be explained in part by 'parental control' rather than 'parental warmth.' Finally, overall, this study finds that second-generation immigrants are statistically indistinguishable from non-immigrants in terms of substance use.
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TIME TO EMPTY YOUR DRAWERS: COM-B MECHANISMS INCREASING E-WASTE RECYCLING RATES
Yue Xi,Sharyn Rundle-Thiele,Carina Roemer,Jeawon Kim,Sunil Herat 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07
Electronic waste (E-waste) has become a long-standing global concern. People are purchasing new affordable and improved technologies long before the end-of-life (EOL)’s of their old devices, which is leading to overconsumption and growing volumes of e-waste. At present, official data indicates that 80% of the volume of e-waste is not formally treated globally. The complex nature of e-waste recycling processes is a significant challenge.
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Stebbings, Richard,Wang, Lili,Sutherland, Janet,Kammel, Martin,Gaigalas, Adolfas K,John, Manuela,Roemer, Bodo,Kuhne, Maren,Schneider, Rudolf J,Braun, Michael,Engel, Andrea,Dikshit, Dinesh K,Abbasi, Fa Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2015 Cytometry. the journal of the International Societ Vol.87 No.3
<P>A surface-labeled lyophilized lymphocyte (sLL) preparation has been developed using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells prelabeled with a fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody. The sLL preparation is intended to be used as a reference material for CD4+ cell counting including the development of higher order reference measurement procedures and has been evaluated in the pilot study CCQM-P102. This study was conducted across 16 laboratories from eight countries to assess the ability of participants to quantify the CD4+ cell count of this reference material and to document cross-laboratory variability plus associated measurement uncertainties. Twelve different flow cytometer platforms were evaluated using a standard protocol that included calibration beads used to obtain quantitative measurements of CD4+ T cell counts. There was good overall cross-platform and counting method agreement with a grand mean of the laboratory calculated means of (301.7 ± 4.9) μL<SUP>−1</SUP> CD4+ cells. Excluding outliers, greater than 90% of participant data agreed within ±15%. A major contribution to variation of sLL CD4+ cell counts was tube to tube variation of the calibration beads, amounting to an uncertainty of 3.6%. Variation due to preparative steps equated to an uncertainty of 2.6%. There was no reduction in variability when data files were centrally reanalyzed. Remaining variation was attributed to instrument specific differences. CD4+ cell counts obtained in CCQM-P102 are in excellent agreement and show the robustness of both the measurements and the data analysis and hence the suitability of sLL as a reference material for interlaboratory comparisons and external quality assessment. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</P>
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