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M. I. Pech-Canul,M. Rodríguez-Reyes3,M. A. Pech-Canul,J. C. Rendón-Angeles 대한금속·재료학회 2011 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.17 No.6
In this work, SiC_P and SiC_P/SiO_2 porous preforms were infiltrated without assistance in Ar→N_2 atmosphere with the alloy Al-10.3 Mg-12.04 Si (wt.%) at 1050 and 1100 °C, for 20, 40 and 60 min. It was found that a decrease in residual porosity and an increase in elastic modulus by about 22 % with respect to composites produced without SiO_2 additions to the preforms are associated with the formation of magnesium aluminate spinel (MgAl_2O_4). A concurrent increase of the matrix hardness is ascribed to a strengthening mechanism by MgAl_2O_4 formation, similar to the strengthening observed with Mg_2Si in aluminum alloys. Therefore, the spinel can be considered as a co-reinforcement of SiC_p in the aluminum matrix composites. Reactions for spinel formation and possible mechanisms for hardness enhancement are outlined.
Reyes, Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo,Hong, Tae Gyu,Hop, Huynh Tan,Arayan, Lauren Togonon,Huy, Tran Xuan Ngoc,Min, Wongi,Lee, Hu Jang,Lee, Kang Seok,Kim, Suk Elsevier 2017 Microbial pathogenesis Vol.109 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this study, we investigated the protective effects of tannin-derived components, gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA), <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I> against <I>Salmonella</I> infection in mice. Both GA and TA showed antibacterial effects against <I>Salmonella</I> (<I>S.</I>) Typhimurium as well as inhibitory effects on the adherence, invasion, and intracellular growth of the pathogens in macrophages. Following a lethal dose of <I>Salmonella</I> infection in mice, reduced virulence in both GA- and TA-treated groups was observed based on reduced mortality rates. In the non-infected groups, the average weights of the spleens and livers of GA- or TA-treated mice were not significantly different with the control group. In addition, the average weights of these organs in all of the <I>Salmonella</I>-infected groups were not significantly different but the numbers of bacteria in the spleens and livers in both GA- and TA-treated mice were significantly reduced. The levels of cytokine production in non-infected mice revealed that GA-treated and TA-treated mice elicited an increased level of IFN-γ, and both IFN-γ and MCP-1, respectively, as compared with the PBS-treated group. These findings highlight the potential of GA and TA as alternatives for the treatment of salmonellosis and as supplements to conventional antimicrobial food additives.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Gallic acid (GA) and tannic acid (TA) showed antibacterial effects against <I>S.</I> Typhimurium. </LI> <LI> GA and TA showed a treatment effect against <I>S.</I> Typhimurium infection in a mouse model. </LI> <LI> GA-treated and TA-treated mice elicited an increased level of IFN-γ, and both IFN-γ and MCP-1, respectively. </LI> <LI> GA and TA could be used as potential alternatives for the treatment of salmonellosis. </LI> </UL> </P>
Reyes Alisha Wehdnesday Bernardo,Kim Heejin,Huy Tran Xuan Ngoc,Nguyen Trang Thi,Min Wongi,Lee Dongho,Hur Jin,Lee John Hwa,김석 한국미생물·생명공학회 2022 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.32 No.9
This study investigated the contribution of lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitors, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), tetra-O-methyl nordihydroguaiaretic acid (M4N) and zileuton (ZIL), and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) inhibitor 4,5-diphenylimidazole (DPI) in the proliferation of Brucella abortus infection. None of the compounds affected the uptake of Brucella into the macrophages. We determined the effect of neutralizing leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor and showed that the uptake of the bacteria was inhibited at 30 min post-infection. M4N treatment attenuated intracellular survival of Brucella at 2 h post-incubation but it was not observed in the succeeding time points. DPI treatment showed reduced survival of Brucella at 24 h post-incubation while blocking LTB4 receptor was observed to have a lower intracellular growth at 48 h post-incubation suggesting different action of the inhibitors in the course of the survival of Brucella within the cells. Reduced proliferation of the bacteria in the spleens of mice was observed in animals treated with ZIL or DPI. Increased serum cytokine level of TNF-α and MCP-1 was observed in mice treated with M4N or ZIL while a lower IFN-γ level in ZIL-treated mice and a higher IL-12 serum level in DPI-treated mice were observed at 7 d postinfection. At 14 d post-infection, ZIL-treated mice displayed reduced serum level of IL-12 and IL-10. Overall, inhibition of 5-LOX or TXA2 or a combination therapy promises a potential alternative therapy against B. abortus infection. Furthermore, strong ligands for LTB4 receptor could also be a good candidate for the control of Brucella infection.
Evolution pathway of CZTSe nanoparticles synthesized by microwave-assisted chemical synthesis
Reyes, Odin,Sanchez, Monica F.,Pal, Mou,Llorca, Jordi,Sebastian, P.J. Techno-Press 2017 Advances in nano research Vol.5 No.3
In this study we present the reaction mechanism of $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ (CZTSe) nanoparticles synthesized by microwave-assisted chemical synthesis. We performed reactions every 10 minutes in order to identify different phases during quaternary CZTSe formation. The powder samples were analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that in the first minutes copper phases are predominant, then copper and tin secondary phases react to form ternary phase. The quaternary phase is formed at 50 minutes while ternary and secondary phases are consumed. At 60 minutes pure quaternary CZTSe phase is present. After 60 minutes the quaternary phase decomposes in the previous ternary and secondary phases, which indicates that 60 minutes is ideal reaction time. The EDS analysis of pure quaternary nanocrystals (CZTSe) showed stoichiometric relations similar to the reported research in the literature, which falls in the range of Cu/(Zn+Sn): 0.8-1.0, Zn/Sn: 1.0-1.20. In conclusion, the evolution pathway of CZTSe synthesized by this novel method is similar to other synthesis methods reported before. Nanoparticles synthesized in this study present desirable properties in order to use them in solar cell and photoelectrochemical cell applications.
Dissipation of energy in steel frames with PR connections
Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo,Haldar, Achintya Techno-Press 2000 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.9 No.3
The major sources of energy dissipation in steel frames with partially restrained (PR) connections are evaluated. Available experimental results are used to verify the mathematical model used in this study. The verified model is then used to quantify the energy dissipation in PR connections due to hysteretic behavior, due to viscous damping and at plastic hinges if they are formed. Observations are made for two load conditions: a sinusoidal load applied at the top of the frame, and a sinusoidal ground acceleration applied at the base of the frame representing a seismic loading condition. This analytical study confirms the general behavior, observed during experimental investigations, that PR connections reduce the overall stiffness of frames, but add a major source of energy dissipation. As the connections become stiffer, the contribution of PR connections in dissipating energy becomes less significant. A connection with a T ratio (representing its stiffness) of at least 0.9 should not be considered as fully restrained as is commonly assumed, since the energy dissipation characteristics are different. The flexibility of PR connections alters the fundamental frequency of the frame. Depending on the situation, it may bring the frame closer to or further from the resonance condition. If the frame approaches the resonance condition, the effect of damping is expected to be very important. However, if the frame moves away from the resonance condition, the energy dissipation at the PR connections is expected to be significant with an increase in the deformation of the frame, particularly for low damping values. For low damping values, the dissipation of energy at plastic hinges is comparable to that due to viscous damping, and increases as the frame approaches failure. For the range of parameters considered in this study, the energy dissipations at the PR connections and at the plastic hinges are of the same order of magnitude. The study quantitatively confirms the general observations made in experimental investigations for steel frames with PR connections; however, proper consideration of the stiffness of PR connections and other dynamic properties is essential in predicting the dynamic behavior.