http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Support systems for pilotage, past and future.
Rein van Gooswilligen 한국항해항만학회 2006 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.1 No.-
Pilots and navigators have through history used everything available to support them in the execution of their task. From the simple sounding means (for instance a stick or a line with a heavy object tied to it) to the advanced electronic support systems that are available today. This means that apart from the more traditional side of his set of tasks the influence of modern technology is felt. In general it concerns such diverse and complex subjects that it requires the pilot to remain up to date with regard to the most modern techniques. In a sense this also concurs with the change form a provider of (local) knowledge to that of a manager of a high risk operation. More information flows can reach the pilot on the place where he executes his profession. With marginal scope the pilot has to translate such information to the situation in which he finds himself in order to give a balanced advice. Knowledge of the surroundings, variable circumstances in his specific area but also language and culture play a crucial role. This paper touches on the history of pilot support systems and examines the developments of pilot support systems in the present day operating environment and addresses the implications. These range from the historic basic needs for pilot information to the present and future possibilities, supporting the pilot to make the most precise assessment at each operational stage to continually execute a safe journey in and out of port.
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BRANCHED EPITAXIAL III–V NANOTREES
L. REINE WALLENBERG,LISA S. KARLSSON,MAGNUS W. LARSSON,JAN-OLLE MALM,KIMBERLY A. DICK,KNUT DEPPERT,WERNER SEIFERT,LARS SAMUELSON 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2006 NANO Vol.1 No.2
In this review we discuss the morphology and crystal structure of branched epitaxial III–V semiconductor structures, so called nanotrees, based on our own work with GaP, InAs and GaP/InP. These structures are formed by epitaxial growth in a step-wise procedure where each level can be individually controlled in terms of diameter, length and composition. Poly-typism is commonly observed for III–Vs with zinc blende, wurtzite or combinations thereof as the resulting crystal structure. Here we review GaP as an example of zinc blende and InAs of wurtzite type of growth in terms of nanotrees with two to three levels of growth. Included are also previously unpublished results on the growth of GaP/InP nanotrees to demonstrate effects of heteroepitaxial growth with substantial mismatch. For these structures a topotaxial growth behavior was observed with InP wires crawling along or spiraling around the GaP nanowires acting as a free-standing substrates.
취학 전 다문화가정 아동과 일반가정 아동의 작업기억 특성 비교 연구
김세린 ( Se Rein Kim ),박은실 ( Eun Sil Park ),신혜정 ( Hye Jung Shin ) 아시아문화학술원 2016 인문사회 21 Vol.7 No.1
본 연구는 다문화가정 아동들과 일반가정 아동들의 작업기억에 관한 특성의 차이를 살펴봄으로써 조기선별과 중재계획을 수립하는 기초자료로 사용할 수 있다는데 그 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 6~7세의 다문화가정 언어발달지체 아동 9명, 다문화가정 아동 10명, 일반가정 아동 10명으로 총 29명이다. 집단 간 언어성 및 비언어성 작업기억 능력에 어떠한 차이가 있는지를 살펴보았다. 언어성 작업기억은 숫자 따라 말하기, 숫자 거꾸로 말하기, 단어 따라 말하기 그리고 단어 회상하기 항목으로 측정하였다. 비언어성 작업기억은 시공간스케치패드 수행과제인 시각-공간과제 작업기억 검사로 측정하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 언어성 작업기억의 하위 유형 중 숫자 따라 말하기는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 일반가정 아동들이 다문화가정 언어발달지체 아동들보다 숫자 따라 말하기의 점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 숫자 거꾸로 말하기와 단어 따라 말하기는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 다문화가정 아동들과 일반가정 아동들이 다문화가정 언어발달지체 아동들보다 숫자 거꾸로 말하기와 단어 따라 말하기의 점수가 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 단어 회상하기는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 비언어성 작업기억 능력인 시각-공간과제 작업기억 검사의 점수는 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구결과를 통해 언어발달의 기저인 작업기억 능력의 차이를 이해하고 작업기억을 이용한 언어문제의 조기선별 및 교육을 통한 개입과 교육의 수준을 향상시킬 수 있는 지원과 관리의 필요성을 제안한다. This study aims at providing basic date for early selection and meditation planning by figuring out if working memories of children from multicultural families are different form those of general children. For the study, the research was conducted on total 29 children, 9 children from multicultural family backgrounds with linguistic developmental delay, normal children from multicultural family backgrounds and those from general family backgrounds. The results of characteristics of verbal and nonverbal working memories of three groups are as follow: First, as a result of verbal working memory ability between groups, depending on sub-elements for the evaluation, there were different results. Among sub-elements, for dictating numbers in the following order, children from multicultural families with linguistic developmental delay showed significantly lower ability. For dictating numbers in the reverse order and dictation words, those from multicultural families with linguistic developmental delay showed significantly lower abilities than normal children with multicultural family backgrounds and those with general family backgrounds. For recall words, there were no significant difference between children from multicultural family with linguistic developmental delay, normal children from multicultural family and those form general family. Second, as a result for nonverbal working memory ability between groups, there were no significant difference between children from multicultural family with linguistic developmental delay, normal children from multicultural family and those form general family. Though this study`s results, it is necessary to understand difference of working memory ability, underlying linguistic development and to support and manage improve education level through early selection of linguistic problem by working memory and educational intervention.
Flammability and Multi-objective Performance of Building Façades: Towards Optimum Design
Bonner, Matthew,Rein, Guillermo Council on Tall Building and Urban Habitat Korea 2018 International journal of high-rise buildings Vol.7 No.4
The façade is an important, complex, and costly part of a building, performing multiple objectives of value to the occupants, like protecting from wind, rain, sunlight, heat, cold, and sound. But the frequency of façade fires in large buildings is alarming, and has multiplied by seven times worldwide over the last three decades, to a current rate of 4.8 fires per year. High-performing polymer based materials allow for a significant improvement across several objectives of a facade (e.g., thermal insulation, weight, and construction time) thereby increasing the quality of a building. However, all polymers are flammable to some degree. If this safety problem is to be tackled effectively, then it is essential to understand how different materials, and the façade as a whole, perform in the event of a fire. This paper discusses the drivers for flammability in facades, the interaction of facade materials, and current gaps in knowledge. In doing so, it aims to provide an introduction to the field of façade fires, and to show that because of the drive for thermal efficiency and sustainability, façade systems have become more complex over time, and they have also become more flammable. We discuss the importance of quantifying the flammability of different façade systems, but highlight that it is currently impossible to do so, which hinders research progress. We finish by putting forward an integral framework of design that uses multi-objective optimization to ensure that flammability is minimized while considering other objectives, such as maximizing thermal performance or minimizing weight.