체첸에서의 실패

( Rajan Menon ),( Graham E . Fuller ) 한국민족연구원 2000 민족연구 Vol.0 No.5

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In vitro and in silico inhibition of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and aldose reductase by the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd.

Rajan Maya,Chandran Vinaya,Shahena S.,Anie Y.,Mathew Linu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2022 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.22 No.1

In the present study, the leaf and callus extracts of Vernonia anthelmintica prepared in three different solvents (methanol, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) were assessed for inhibition of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21). Both the leaf and callus extracts showed remarkable inhibition against these enzymes. Alpha-amylase inhibition was the highest in ethyl acetate extract of calli and methanolic extract of leaves. Ethyl acetate extract of both leaf and calli showed significant alpha-glucosidase and aldose reductase inhibition. HR-LCMS analysis of ethyl acetate frac- tion of leaf extract showed the presence of the flavonol rhamnetin. Also, the HPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of rhamnetin in callus extract. Further, in silico docking studies of rhamnetin was done against the above-mentioned enzymes. The in silico analysis revealed that compound rhamnetin showed good enzyme inhibition.

Authentication of PCSs with Cascaded Encryption Technique

Rajan Kaushal,Randeep Singh 한국디지털융합학회 2020 IJICTDC Vol.5 No.1

In this paper, a new algorithm is proposed using the technique of Cascaded Encryption (CE) for authentication of small handheld and Portable Communication Systems (PCSs). In the proposed method an 8-bit session key Ks is sent to the Mobile Station (MS) from the Authentication Center (AuC) as soon as the MS is switched on in the GSM network. The MS computes a cipher key for authentication KCA using the Recursive Positional Module-2 Substitution (RPMS) cryptographic technique. The technique of Cascaded Encryption (CE) considers the 128-bit International Mobile Subscribers’ Identification (IMSI) i.e. Ki as a stream. This stream is then divided into 16 groups each of which contains 8 bits. These groups are represented as G0 to G15. The corresponding bits of each group are put through repetitive Exclusive OR (XOR) operation with the adjacent bit until it generates a single bit number. Hence each group forms a triangular bit pattern. From these triangular bit patterns, the target block T is formed which consists of 16 bits, t0 to t15, which are generated from the groups G0 to G15. Further T is divided into two sub-blocks T0 and T1 consisting of bits t0...t7 and t8...t15 respectively. The bits of the blocks T0 and T1 are put through XOR operation with the corresponding bits of the session key Ks in two different steps to obtain C0 and C1 respectively. The bitstreams C0 and C1 are concatenated to form the 16 bits intermediate key Kim. Kim is put through the mechanism of the Rotor Machine where the direction of the bits depends on the cipher key for authentication KCA. The Rotor Machine generates the 16-bit SRES. Authentication Center (AuC) computes the SRES independently in a similar method and sends SRES and Ks to Home Location Register (HLR). HLR compares SRES obtained from AuC with SRES obtained from MS to confirm its identity.

DFMO feeding lowers polyamine levels and causes developmental defects in the silkworm Bombyx mori

Rajan Resma,Chunduri Alekhya Rani,Siripurapu Prasanthi,Satti Annapurna Bhavani,Kottakota Sai Krishna,Marupilla Bhagyasree,Kallare Arun Kumar,Mamillapalli Anitha 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.1

The domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori is an economically important insect that produces large quantities of silk during its 5th instar larval stage. Polyamines are important regulators of growth and have been shown to affect silk production, however their role in larval development is not completely understood. L-ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key regulatory enzyme in the polyamine biosynthetic pathway catalyzes the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, which is further broken down to spermidine and spermine. In this study, we set out to understand the role of ODC on the growth and development of silkworm larvae. We fed 5th instar larvae with α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an ODC inhibitor and studied its impact on larval silk glands. Feeding DFMO did not alter the expression of L-ODC but led to a significant reduction in putrescine and spermidine levels. Furthermore, reduced cellular levels of polyamine led to increased oxidative stress and decreased cell viability. Subsequently, this resulted in several developmental defects at the pupal and moth stages. These findings highlight the importance of ODC in the growth and development of B. mori larvae.

Machine-Learning-Assisted Accurate Band Gap Predictions of Functionalized MXene

Rajan, Arunkumar Chitteth,Mishra, Avanish,Satsangi, Swanti,Vaish, Rishabh,Mizuseki, Hiroshi,Lee, Kwang-Ryeol,Singh, Abhishek K. American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.12

<P>MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) transition metal carbides and nitrides, and are invariably metallic in pristine form. While spontaneous passivation of their reactive bare surfaces lends unprecedented functionalities, consequently a many-folds increase in number of possible functionalized MXene makes their characterization difficult. Here, we study the electronic properties of this vast class of materials by accurately estimating the band gaps using statistical learning. Using easily available properties of the MXene, namely, boiling and melting points, atomic radii, phases, bond lengths, <I>etc.</I>, as input features, models were developed using kernel ridge (KRR), support vector (SVR), Gaussian process (GPR), and bootstrap aggregating regression algorithms. Among these, the GPR model predicts the band gap with lowest root-mean-squared error (rmse) of 0.14 eV, within seconds. Most importantly, these models do not involve the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) band gap as a feature. Our results demonstrate that machine-learning models can bypass the band gap underestimation problem of local and semilocal functionals used in density functional theory (DFT) calculations, without subsequent correction using the time-consuming GW approach.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>

Invited Lecture

Rajan Nataraajan 한국마케팅과학회 2006 한국마케팅과학회 학술대회 발표 논문집 Vol.- No.-

Achalasia Is Associated With eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT Genotypes: A Case-control Study

( Rajan Singh ),( Uday C Ghoshal ),( Asha Misra ),( Balraj Mittal ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2015 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.21 No.3

Background/Aims: Achalasia is known to result from degeneration of inhibitory neurons, which are mostly nitrinergic. Characteristic features of achalasia include incomplete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation and esophageal aperistalsis. Nitric oxide (NO), produced by NO synthase (NOS), plays an important role in peristalsis and LES relaxation. Therefore, we evaluated genetic polymorphisms of NOS gene isoforms (endothelial NOS [eNOS], inducible NOS [iNOS], and neuronal NOS [nNOS]) in patients with achalasia and healthy subjects (HS). Methods: Consecutive patients with achalasia (diagnosed using esophageal manometry) and HS were genotyped for 27-base pair (bp) eNOS variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR), iNOS22G/A (rs1060826), nNOS C/T (rs2682826) polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), respectively. Results: Among 183 patients (118 [64.5%] male, age 39.5 ± 13.0 years) with achalasia and 366 HS (254 [69.4%] male, age 40.8 ± 11.0 years), eNOS4a4a genotype of 27-bp VNTR was more common among achalasia than HS (20 [10.9%] vs 13 [3.6%]; P < 0.001; OR, 3.72; 95% CI, 1.8-7.7). Patients with achalasia had iNOS22GA genotypes more often than HS (95 [51.9%] vs 93 [25.4%]; P < 0.001; OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 2.1-4.4). Frequency of genotypes GA + AA was higher in patients than HS (97 [53%] vs 107 [29.2%]; P < 0.001; OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.8-3.9). Also, nNOS29TT variant genotype in rs2682826 was more com - mon among patients compared to HS (14 [7.7%] vs 6 [1.6%]; P < 0.001; OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 2.2-15.8). Conclusions: Achalasia is associated with eNOS4a4a, iNOS22GA, and nNOS29TT genotypes. This may suggest that polymorphisms of eNOS, iNOS, and nNOS genes are risk factors for achalasia. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:380-389)

Two Dimensional Molecular Electronics Spectroscopy for Molecular Fingerprinting, DNA Sequencing, and Cancerous DNA Recognition

Rajan, Arunkumar Chitteth,Rezapour, Mohammad Reza,Yun, Jeonghun,Cho, Yeonchoo,Cho, Woo Jong,Min, Seung Kyu,Lee, Geunsik,Kim, Kwang S. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.2

<P>Laser-driven molecular spectroscopy of low spatial resolution is widely used, while electronic current-driven molecular spectroscopy of atomic scale resolution has been limited because currents provide only minimal information. However, electron transmission of a graphene nanoribbon on which a molecule is adsorbed shows molecular fingerprints of Fano resonances, <I>i.e.</I>, characteristic features of frontier orbitals and conformations of physisorbed molecules. Utilizing these resonance profiles, here we demonstrate two-dimensional molecular electronics spectroscopy (2D MES). The differential conductance with respect to bias and gate voltages not only distinguishes different types of nucleobases for DNA sequencing but also recognizes methylated nucleobases which could be related to cancerous cell growth. This 2D MES could open an exciting field to recognize single molecule signatures at atomic resolution. The advantages of the 2D MES over the one-dimensional (1D) current analysis can be comparable to those of 2D NMR over 1D NMR analysis.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-2/nn4062148/production/images/medium/nn-2013-062148_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn4062148'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Pure laparoscopic living donor left lateral sectionectomy in pediatric transplantation: First case in Western India

Rajan GARG,Prashantha S RAO,Vinayak NIKAM,Anurag SHRIMAL,Mitul SHAH,Ravi MOHANKA 한국간담췌외과학회 2021 Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery Vol.25 No.-

Effect of bilateral infraorbital nerve block on intraoperative anesthetic requirements, hemodynamics, glycemic levels, and extubation in infants undergoing cheiloplasty under general anesthesia

Rajan, Sunil,Mathew, Jacob,Kumar, Lakshmi The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.2

Background: Inappropriate use of intravenous and inhaled anesthetics may be dangerous in infants undergoing facial cleft surgeries. This study primarily aimed to compare the effect of infraorbital nerve block on sevoflurane requirement in infants undergoing cheiloplasty. Intraoperative opioid consumption, hemodynamics, blood glucose levels, extubation time, and delirium were also compared. Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted in 34 infants undergoing cheiloplasty under general anesthesia. After induction, group A received bilateral infraorbital nerve block with 0.5 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine and group B 0.5 mL saline. An increase in heart rate or blood pressure > 20% was managed by increasing sevoflurane by 2-2.5%, followed by fentanyl 0.5 ㎍/kg bolus. The chi-square test and independent-sample t-test were used where applicable. Results: Demographics, duration of surgery, and intravenous fluids used were comparable between the groups. Compared to group A, patients in group B had significantly higher consumption of fentanyl (14.2 ± 4.4 ㎍ vs. 22.1 ± 6.2 ㎍) and sevoflurane (14.2 ± 4.8 mL vs. 26.8 ± 15.6 mL). Intraoperative hemodynamic parameters were significantly lower in group A, the number of times increases in hemodynamic parameters occurred, and fentanyl supplemental bolus was required remained significantly lower in group A than in group B. Intraoperative glycemic levels remained higher in group B, and the extubation time was significantly shorter in group A than in group B (4.40 ± 1.60 min vs. 9.2 ± 2.18 min). Group A had a lesser occurrence of postoperative delirium. Conclusion: Supplemental infraorbital block in infants undergoing cheiloplasty under general anesthesia resulted in significantly decreased anesthetic requirements and optimal hemodynamic and glycemic levels with faster extubation and lesser delirium.