Effects of Training and Development, Organizational Culture, Job Satisfaction, and Career Development on Employee Retention in Commercial Banks in Bangladesh

Md. Atikur RAHAMAN(Md. Atikur RAHAMAN ),Md. Sayed UDDIN(Md. Sayed UDDIN ),Wasib Bin LATIF(Wasib Bin LATIF ) 한국유통과학회 2023 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.10 No.2

In the current era of globalization, financial and banking organizations have been facing ever-growing challenges in the global market regarding retention, customer satisfaction, commitment, engagement, proper services, and the belief of their employees. Employees are regarded as an enormous asset for every organization that plays an important role in achieving the vision of the company. The objective of this study is to explore the determinants of bank employee retention and its impact on an organization in the context of Bangladesh. In terms of research purpose, non-probability convenience sampling has been used in this study, and the targeted population was the commercial bank employees of Bangladesh. In terms of data collection, the researchers have used the adopted questionnaires from previous studies. In this study, the total sample size was 180, and a questionnaire was sent to the respondents through e-mails. For analyzing the collected data, SPSS 26.0 version has been used to test the study model and the proposed hypotheses. This study shows that there were four independent variables training and development, organizational culture, job satisfaction, and career development have a positive and significant impact on employee retention. So, the bank management should organize the retention program for the welfare of the employees.

NILPOTENT VALUES OF GENERALIZED DERIVATION IN PRIME AND SEMIPRIME RINGS

RAHAMAN, MD HAMIDUR The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2021 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.39 No.5

Let I be a nonzero ideal of a prime ring R and m, n are positive integers. If R admits a generalized derivation F satisfying F(x)ⁿF(y)^m - xⁿy^m = 0 for any y, x ∈ I, then F(x) = ax for any x ∈ R and a^m+n = 1, where a ∈ C, the extended centroid of R.

Investigation of Spark-Gap Discharge in a Regime of Very High Repetition Rate

Rahaman, H,Nam, J W,Nam, S H,Frank, K IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.38 No.10

<P>It is our interest to design and develop a high-power pulser system employing an electrical discharge in a spark gap. The type of discharge generates short electric pulses capable of both the characteristics of a fast rise time and a high repetition rate. Such a switch pulser has wide applications in the industry. To generate the electrical discharge in the spark gap in an efficient manner is very important for the switching operation. The regime of the operation utilizes the residual plasma in the interpulse recovery of the spark gap to increase the repetition rate. Therefore, the mechanisms of the discharge in a controlled manner following the electrical breakdown of the spark gap, such as the plasma generation in the spark channel and the dielectric recovery process as well as the residual plasma in the post-spark-discharge period, are of great importance. The understanding of the type of the spark-gap discharge for the switching at a high repetition rate beyond 1 MHz has been the primary goal. The typical voltage and current ratings are below 1 kV and several amperes, respectively. In particular, this paper addresses the optimal set of several parameters, such as the spark-gap geometry, electrode gap distance, gas pressure, and gas type, in conjunction with a unique circuit scheme to drive the discharge in the controlled fashion.</P>

Selection of the Best Two-Hop AF Wireless Link under Multiple Antenna Schemes over a Fading Channel

Rahaman, Abu Sayed Md. Mostafizur,Islam, Md. Imdadul,Amin, M.R. Korea Information Processing Society 2015 Journal of information processing systems Vol.11 No.1

In evaluating the performance of a dual-hop wireless link, the effects of large and small scale fading has to be considered. To overcome this fading effect, several schemes, such as multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with orthogonal space time block codes (OSTBC), different combining schemes at the relay and receiving end, and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) are used in both the transmitting and the relay links. In this paper, we first make compare the performance of a two-hop wireless link under a different combination of space diversity in the first and second hop of the amplify-and-forward (AF) case. Our second task in this paper is to incorporate the weak signal of a direct link and then by applying the channel model of two random variables (one for a direct link and another for a relayed link) we get very impressive result at a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) that is comparable with other models at a higher SNR. Our third task is to bring other three schemes under a two-hop wireless link: use of transmit antenna selection (TAS) on both link with weak direct link, distributed Alamouti scheme in two-hop link and single relay antenna with OFDM subcarrier. Finally, all of the schemes mentioned above are compared to select the best possible model. The main finding of the paper is as follows: the use of MIMO on both hops but application TAS on both links with weak direct link and the full rate OFDM with the sub-carrier for an individual link provide a better result as compared to other models.

Effect of Doping Fluorine in Offset Region on Performance of Coplanar a-IGZO TFTs

Rahaman, Abidur,Billah, Mohammad Masum,Um, Jae Gwang,Hasan, Md Mehedi,Jang, Jin IEEE 2018 IEEE electron device letters Vol.39 No.9

<P>We report the effect of doping fluorine in the offset region on the performance of coplanar amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs). The TFTs with 4- <TEX>$\mu \text{m}$</TEX> offset length at both sides of the gate were fabricated. Hall mobility of the offset region a-IGZO increases, and its resistivity ( <TEX>$\rho $</TEX>) decreases with increasing F doping concentration. The TFTs with <TEX>$\textsf {7}\times \textsf {10}^{\textsf {19}}$</TEX> cm<SUP>−3</SUP> carrier concentration in the offset region exhibit the field-effect mobility of 27.17 cm <TEX>$^{\textsf {2}}/\text {V}\,{\cdot }\,\text {s}$</TEX>. The fabricated 23-stage ring oscillator (RO) shows an oscillation frequency of 2.27 MHz at the supply voltage of 20 V with a propagation delay of 9.5 ns/stage, which is the lowest value for the oxide TFT ROs ever reported.</P>

Design of a <tex> $\hbox{SF}_{6}$</tex>-Gas-Filled Spark Gap Switch for High-Voltage Application

Rahaman, H,Heo, H,Park, S S,Nam, S H IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on plasma science Vol.38 No.10

<P>It is our endeavor to develop switching technology for the breakdown reliability and reproducibility at extremely high voltages above 1 MV. One of the key objectives of the endeavor is to derive precise breakdown criteria for use in high-voltage applications. We have developed empirical criteria by which the breakdown field strength of a high-pressure SF_6-filled spark gap can be computed. The validity of the computed result has been verified with several experimental data from different investigators. The computed result has shown good agreement in an extended range of pd (pressure times gap distance) and field enhancement factor of the spark gap geometry. Furthermore, a spark gap has been designed and constructed with particular intention of generating a high-pulsed-power source in Pohang Accelerator Laboratory. In parallel, field modeling has been performed to verify the appropriate shape of the highly stressed insulator and electrode design in the spark gap and to evaluate their field enhancements. A series of breakdown voltage tests has demonstrated the function of the spark gap switch as intended up to 9 bars of SF_6. Aside from this, the limitation of the switching behavior has been examined with an aim of operating the designed spark gap to its maximum capability.</P>

Mechanical Rice Transplanting in Bangladesh: Current Situation, Technical Challenges, and Future Approach

Rahaman Hafijur,Rahman Md. Mizanur,Islam A. K. M. Saiful,Huda Md. Durrul,Kamruzzaman Mohammad 한국농업기계학회 2022 바이오시스템공학 Vol.47 No.4

Purpose Rice covers most of the cropping area in Bangladesh which is mostly a labor-intensive crop. The conventional approach of rice transplanting is labor-intensive and requires hardship. Mechanization in transplanting is needed to make agriculture economical due to labor shortage and high wages of laborers. Cost-efective and easy to use, a mechanical rice transplanter is an excellent choice. Rice transplanting issues, technological limitations in the adoption of mechanical transplanter, and future research to make mechanical transplanter more user-friendly are summarized in this paper. Methods The articles were gathered and reviewed using search engines like Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Wiley Online, Taylor & Francis Online, Academia, and Research Gate. Indexed journals, conference proceedings, academic presentations, and thesis/dissertations are all included in this study’s scope. Results Maintaining the soil’s physical qualities is thought to aid in crop management and increase output. Although mechanical transplanters are more efective than their manual counterparts, they are not yet widely used due to factors such as expensive startup costs, a lack of experience in developing mat-type nurseries, and farmers’ weak fnancial conditions. When attempting to grow rice using mechanical transplants, it may be helpful to employ strategies including instructing technical competence, guaranteeing timely availability, boosting custom recruitment, and ofering government incentives. Conclusions A mechanized rice transplanter may be a viable option to alleviate labor shortages and minimize farm operating costs. However, slower acceptance is attributed to the difculty of cultivating paddy nurseries on trays and mats, as well as inadequate reaction from stakeholders, as mechanical rice transplanters are not widely used yet. Farmers would be more likely to plant seedlings in beds or trays if they could do so easily. Many landowners can beneft from the assistance of an entrepreneur in planting paddy at the same time. It is possible to increase the rate at which existing rice transplanter machines are put into use by providing adequate on-the-job training to relevant stakeholders in nursery preparation processes and planting machine handling. Bangladesh needs a rice transplanter that is both low-cost and simple to use. A low-cost, semi-automatic rice transplanter could be a solution for mitigating labor shortages and reducing farm operating expenses.

An approach for identifying in silico peptides against authentic metabolites: in vitro characterization of thymosin β4 metabolites

Rahaman Khandoker Asiqur,Muresan Anca Raluca,Min Hophil,손정현,강민정,권오승 한국약제학회 2022 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.52 No.5

Purpose Thymosin β4 is a highly active protein that exerts multiple biological activities such as tissue repair, anti-inflammation, and cell maturation. Thymosin β4 has also been listed as a prohibited drug by the World Anti-doping Agency (WADA). Based on its biological activities, thymosin β4 has a high potential of abuse for the performance enhancement among athletes. This study aimed to investigate and characterize the metabolism of thymosin β4 in vitro system. Methods TB4 protein was metabolized in six different enzyme–buffer systems in vitro. After TB4 was metabolized with an appropriate buffer system, the resulting metabolites were detected by high resolution LC–MS/MS. The mass spectrum data of the observed metabolites were characterized in silico, and confirmed the structures based on synthesized authentic standards. Results Total 13 new metabolites, some of which were detected in more than one enzyme system, were found. This study characterized all of the detected metabolites according to their in silico m/z ions and compared our findings with synthesized standards. Finally, metabolites M1, M5, M7, M11, M12, and M13 were confirmed based on their synthesized authentic standards. Conclusion By using an approach for metabolizing a protein to detect, characterize and identify new peptide metabolites, 6 metabolites are identified among 13 expected potential metabolites. Newly detected metabolites may have the potential for biological activities after further screening compared to their parent protein.

Investigating the Effect of Service Quality on Bank Customers' Satisfaction in Bangladesh

RAHAMAN, Md. Atikur,ALI, Md. Julfikar,KEJING, Zhang,TARU, Rupali Dilip,MAMOON, Zahidur Rahman Korea Distribution Science Association 2020 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.7 No.10

In this competitive era, it has become a prerequisite for the financial firms providing banking services to understand and meet the customers' needs and demands to remain competitive in today's market environment. Without satisfying the customers, banking business cannot stand alone. To satisfy customers, it is often recommended to provide better quality banking services to the bank customers. Providing quality banking services has become a prime strategic tool for the banking sector nowadays. Therefore, the study investigates the effect of various dimensions of service quality of banking service on customer satisfaction in a developing country, Bangladesh. A total of 212 walking Bangladeshi banking customers participated in this research. A structured questionnaire was developed based on past research. SPSS is utilized for analysis and Likert scale was used in this study. Internal consistency of all items was found correct and a total of seven hypotheses were proposed. For testing, a 5% significance level is considered for acceptance of hypothesis. The findings show that, except employee competency, all other variables such as reliability, assurance, tangibles, responsiveness, empathy, and access to service have positive influence on customer satisfaction. The study provides policy implications for the management boards of the banking sectors.

Severity of the autoimmune encephalomyelitis symptoms in mouse model by inhibition of LAT-1 transporters

Rahaman Khandoker Asiqur,Hasan Mahbub,Seo Ji-Eun,Muresan Anca Raluca,Song Hye Jin,Min Hophil,손정현,이재익,Lee Joonhee,Kim Byungjoo,권오승 한국약제학회 2020 Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation Vol.50 No.5

Purpose Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an autoimmune disease of the dynamic immune system acting against the myelin sheath of neuronal axons in the abluminal (brain-facing) side of the central nervous system. This immune system is greatly influenced by the free amino acid environment from the luminal (blood-facing) side. Whether the luminal and abluminal free amino acid balance influences EAE disease progression is still unclear. Methods Changes in free amino acid levels on both sides of the blood–brain barrier were observed with or without blocking of the l-amino acid transporter (LAT-1) during EAE disease progression. Brain tissue, plasma, splenocytes samples were used to measure free amino acid by LC–MS/MS. Samples were also used to measure cytokines by ELISA and numbers of immune cells by flow cytometry. Results In the chronic stage of EAE progression, clinical scores of LAT-1-inhibited EAE mice were higher than those of normal EAE mice. Significantly elevated T-cell counts, MMP-9 activity, and IL-6 levels were found in the LAT-1-inhibited EAE group. Inhibition of LAT-1 with 2-amino-2-norbornanecarboxylic acid (BCH) treatment resulted in decreased leucine concentration in splenocytes and increased leucine levels in plasma. The leucine levels on the abluminal side of LAT- 1-inhibited EAE mice were also significantly higher than those of control mice but not those of EAE mice. Conclusion The increased leucine concentration present at the luminal side crossed the blood brain barrier (BBB) and fueled inflammation with concurrent disease severity in the abluminal side of EAE mice.