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Abbai, Ragavendran,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Markus, Josua,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Wang, Chao,Singh, Priyanka,Ahn, Sungeun,Farh, Mohamed El-Agamy,Yang, Deok Chun DOVE MEDICAL PRESS 2016 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.11 No.-
<P>Pharmacologically active stem of the oriental herbal adaptogen, Siberian ginseng, was employed for the ecofriendly synthesis of Siberian ginseng silver nanoparticles (Sg-AgNPs) and Siberian ginseng gold nanoparticles (Sg-AuNPs). First, for metabolic characterization of the sample, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis (indicated the presence of eleutherosides A and E), total phenol content, and total reducing sugar were analyzed. Second, the water extract of the sample mediated the biological synthesis of both Sg-AgNPs and Sg-AuNPs that were crystalline face-centered cubical structures with a Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 126 and 189 nm, respectively. Moreover, Fourier transform infrared analysis indicated that proteins and aromatic hydrocarbons play a key role in the formation and stabilization of Sg-AgNPs, whereas phenolic compounds accounted for the synthesis and stability of Sg-AuNPs. 3-(4,5-Dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay determined that Sg-AgNPs conferred strong cytotoxicity against MCF7 (human breast cancer cell line) and was only slightly toxic to HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) at 10 µg⋅mL<SUP>−1</SUP>. However, Sg-AuNPs did not display cytotoxic effects against both of the cell lines. The disc diffusion assay indicated a dose-dependent increase in the zone of inhibition of <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> (ATCC 6538), <I>Bacillus anthracis</I> (NCTC 10340), <I>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</I> (ATCC 33844), and <I>Escherichia coli</I> (BL21) treated with Sg-AgNPs, whereas Sg-AuNPs did not show inhibitory activity. In addition, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay demonstrated that both Sg-AgNPs and Sg-AuNPs possess strong antioxidant activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report unraveling the potential of <I>Eleutherococcus senticosus</I> for silver and gold nanoparticle synthesis along with its biological applications, which in turn would promote widespread usage of the endemic Siberian ginseng.</P>
Weighted sum multi-objective optimization of skew composite laminates
Kanak Kalita,Uvaraja Ragavendran,Manickam Ramachandran,Akash Kumar Bhoi 국제구조공학회 2019 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.69 No.1
Optimizing composite structures to exploit their maximum potential is a realistic application with promising returns. In this research, simultaneous maximization of the fundamental frequency and frequency separation between the first two modes by optimizing the fiber angles is considered. A high-fidelity design optimization methodology is developed by combining the high-accuracy of finite element method with iterative improvement capability of metaheuristic algorithms. Three powerful nature-inspired optimization algorithms viz. a genetic algorithm (GA), a particle swarm optimization (PSO) variant and a cuckoo search (CS) variant are used. Advanced memetic features are incorporated in the PSO and CS to form their respective variants-RPSOLC (repulsive particle swarm optimization with local search and chaotic perturbation) and CHP (co-evolutionary host-parasite). A comprehensive set of benchmark solutions on several new problems are reported. Statistical tests and comprehensive assessment of the predicted results show CHP comprehensively outperforms RPSOLC and GA, while RPSOLC has a little superiority over GA. Extensive simulations show that the on repeated trials of the same experiment, CHP has very low variability. About 50% fewer variations are seen in RPSOLC as compared to GA on repeated trials.
Subramanian Mutheeswaran,Antony Mariappan,Kamaraj Ragavendran,Vedapuri Porchezhiyan,Poovan Elankani,Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi,Mariadhas Valan Arasu,Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.2
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted in Sathuragiri hills in the Virudhunagar district of the state of Tamil Nadu, India. A total of 139 species belonging to 124 genera under 52 families was recorded as medicinally useful; they were mainly used by the local people to treat various diseases. The families like Fabaceae (18 species), Euphorbiaceae (9 Species) and Apocynaceae (7 Species) contained many important medicinal plants. Some of the important illnesses treated by these species were dermatological ailments, gastrointestinal problems, joint pain, fever and poisonous bites. The data are quantified and important species are highlighted. Conservation of these medicinal plants and local knowledge is the need of the hour.
Kamaraj Chinnaperumal,Naveenkumar Selvam,Prem Pradisha,Ragavendran Chinnasamy,Subramaniyan Vetriselvan,Al-Ghanim Khalid A.,Malafaia Guilherme,Nicoletti Marcello,Govindarajan Marimuthu 한국응용곤충학회 2023 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.26 No.4
Green nanoparticles represent a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to developing larvicides targeted at controlling mosquito populations. These nanoparticles are synthesized using natural, non-toxic materials and environmentally benign processes, emphasizing their potential to combat mosquito larvae while minimizing adverse effects on the ecosystem. This approach aligns with the growing need for sustainable solutions in vector control, providing an effective alternative to traditional larvicides with reduced environmental impact. The aim of the present investigation we have utilized the leaf from Laureliopsis philippiana (LP) to synthesize silver (Ag) and palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) and studied toxicity on deadly disease vectors larvae of Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi. Biosynthesized Ag and Pd NPs were extensively characterized through physical and chemical methods. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of L. philippiana assisted in identifying the secondary metabolites of the extract’s total flavonoid and phenolic compounds, which are in the reactants of the bioreduction process during the production of NPs. The in-silico analysis was conducted on mosquito sterol car rier protein-2 (1PZ4) and mosquito odorant binding protein (2L2C). The biosynthesized Ag and Pd NPs revealed the UV absorption peak at 417 and 370 nm, and X-ray diffraction results showed the crystalline structure of NPs. At the same time, in transmission electron microscopy representation, the Ag and Pd NPs were spherical, clus tered, and exhibited a noticeable average size of Ag NPs: 13.25 ± 2.53 nm and Pd NPs: 4.07 ± 1.64 nm. The biogenic Ag and Pd NPs showed concentration-dependent larvicidal mortality at 12 and 24-hour exposure with LC 50 values of 29.596, 17.804, and 23.915, 14.878 µg/mL on Ae. aegypti and 23.946, 13.938, 19.457, and 12.876 µg/mL against An. stephensi, correspondingly. In-silico studies proved that Laureliopsine A and isoterpinolene showed significant docking scores compared to permethrin on mosquito proteins (1PZ4 and 2L2C). Besides, the LP-Ag and Pd NPs non-toxicity analysis was carried out on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos at 72 h post- * Corresponding authors. E-mail addresses: kamarajc@srmist.edu.in (C. Kamaraj), guilhermeifgoiano@gmail.com (G. Malafaia). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2023.102164 Received 31 August 2023; Received in revised form 9 October 2023; Accepted 11 October 2023 Available online 13 October 2023 1226-8615/© 2023 Korean Society of Applied Entomology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserv
Castro-Aceituno, Veró,nica,Abbai, Ragavendran,Moon, Seong Soo,Ahn, Sungeun,Mathiyalagan, Ramya,Kim, Yu-Jin,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Yang, Deok Chun EDITIONS SCIENTIFIQUES ELSEVIER 2017 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.93 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Pleuropterus multiflorus</I> (Hasuo) is a widely used medicinal plant in Korea and China for treating amnesia, isnomia, heart throbbing etc. With the constructive idea of promoting the wide-spread usage of <I>P. multiflorus</I>, we propose its indirect usage in the form of biologically active silver (Pm-AgNPs) and gold nanoparticles (Pm-AuNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles were predominantly spherical, crystalline with the Z-average hydrodynamic diameter of 274.8nm and 104.8nm respectively. Also, proteins and phenols were identified as the major players involved in their synthesis and stability. Further, Pm-AgNPs at 25μg/mL were significantly cytotoxic to lung cancer cells, whereas, Pm-AuNPs were not cytotoxic to both normal keratinocyte and lung cancer cells even at 100μg/mL. In addition, further evaluation of the anti-cancer activity of these new nanoparticles, such as migration and apoptosis, shown that Pm-AgNPs have a potential therapeutic effect on A549 lung cancer cell treatment. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dissecting out the ability of the endemic <I>P. multiflorus</I> for the synthesis of bioactive silver and gold nanoparticle which would open up doors for its extensive usage in medicinal field.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Mohamed El-Agamy Farh,Yu-Jin Kim,Ragavendran Abbai,Priyanka Singh,Ki-Hong Jung,Yeon-Ju Kim,Deok Chun Yang 고려인삼학회 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: The valuable medicinal plant Panax ginseng has high pharmaceutical efficacy because itproduces ginsenosides. However, its yields decline because of a root-rot disease caused by Ilyonectriamors-panacis. Because species within Ilyonectria showed variable aggressiveness by altering ginsenosideconcentrations in inoculated plants, we investigated how such infections might regulate the biosynthesisof ginsenosides and their related signaling molecules. Methods: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were treated with I. mors-panacis and I. robusta. Roots frominfected and pathogen-free plants were harvested at 4 and 16 days after inoculation. We then examinedlevels or/and expression of genes of ginsenosides, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and reactiveoxygen species (ROS). We also checked the susceptibility of those pathogens to ROS. Results: Ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly suppressed and increased in response to infection byI. mors-panacis and I. robusta, respectively. Regulation of JA was significantly higher in I. robustaeinfectedroots, while levels of SA and ROS were significantly higher in I. mors-panaciseinfected roots. Catalaseactivity was significantly higher in I. robustaeinfected roots followed in order by mock roots and thoseinfected by I. mors-panacis. Moreover, I. mors-panacis was resistant to ROS compared with I. robusta. Conclusion: Infection by the weakly aggressive I. robusta led to the upregulation of ginsenoside productionand biosynthesis, probably because only a low level of ROS was induced. In contrast, the moreaggressive I. mors-panacis suppressed ginsenoside biosynthesis, probably because of higher ROS levelsand subsequent induction of programmed cell death pathways. Furthermore, I. mors-panacis may haveincreased its virulence by resisting the cytotoxicity of ROS.
Farh, Mohamed El-Agamy,Kim, Yu-Jin,Abbai, Ragavendran,Singh, Priyanka,Jung, Ki-Hong,Kim, Yeon-Ju,Yang, Deok-Chun The Korean Society of Ginseng 2020 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.44 No.2
Background: The valuable medicinal plant Panax ginseng has high pharmaceutical efficacy because it produces ginsenosides. However, its yields decline because of a root-rot disease caused by Ilyonectria mors-panacis. Because species within Ilyonectria showed variable aggressiveness by altering ginsenoside concentrations in inoculated plants, we investigated how such infections might regulate the biosynthesis of ginsenosides and their related signaling molecules. Methods: Two-year-old ginseng seedlings were treated with I. mors-panacis and I. robusta. Roots from infected and pathogen-free plants were harvested at 4 and 16 days after inoculation. We then examined levels or/and expression of genes of ginsenosides, salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also checked the susceptibility of those pathogens to ROS. Results: Ginsenoside biosynthesis was significantly suppressed and increased in response to infection by I. mors-panacis and I. robusta, respectively. Regulation of JA was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots, while levels of SA and ROS were significantly higher in I. mors-panacis-infected roots. Catalase activity was significantly higher in I. robusta-infected roots followed in order by mock roots and those infected by I. mors-panacis. Moreover, I. mors-panacis was resistant to ROS compared with I. robusta. Conclusion: Infection by the weakly aggressive I. robusta led to the upregulation of ginsenoside production and biosynthesis, probably because only a low level of ROS was induced. In contrast, the more aggressive I. mors-panacis suppressed ginsenoside biosynthesis, probably because of higher ROS levels and subsequent induction of programmed cell death pathways. Furthermore, I. mors-panacis may have increased its virulence by resisting the cytotoxicity of ROS.