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Macaulay, E,Nichol, R C,Bacon, D,Brout, D,Davis, T M,Zhang, B,Bassett, B A,Scolnic, D,Mö,ller, A,D’Andrea, C B,Hinton, S R,Kessler, R,Kim, A G,Lasker, J,Lidman, C,Sako, M,Smith, M,Sullivan, M,Abbo Oxford University Press 2019 MONTHLY NOTICES- ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY Vol.486 No.2
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>We present an improved measurement of the Hubble constant (H0) using the ‘inverse distance ladder’ method, which adds the information from 207 Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) at redshift 0.018 < z < 0.85 to existing distance measurements of 122 low-redshift (z < 0.07) SNe Ia (Low-z) and measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). Whereas traditional measurements of H0 with SNe Ia use a distance ladder of parallax and Cepheid variable stars, the inverse distance ladder relies on absolute distance measurements from the BAOs to calibrate the intrinsic magnitude of the SNe Ia. We find H0 = 67.8 ± 1.3 km s−1 Mpc−1 (statistical and systematic uncertainties, 68 per cent confidence). Our measurement makes minimal assumptions about the underlying cosmological model, and our analysis was blinded to reduce confirmation bias. We examine possible systematic uncertainties and all are below the statistical uncertainties. Our H0 value is consistent with estimates derived from the Cosmic Microwave Background assuming a ΛCDM universe.</P>
Kessler, Daniel,Lechmann, Maria C.,Noh, Seunguk,Berger, Rü,diger,Lee, Changhee,Gutmann, Jochen S.,Theato, Patrick WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular rapid communications Vol.30 No.14
<P>Optoelectronic devices usually consist of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) as one electrode. Interfacial engineering between the TCO electrode and the overlying organic layers is an important method for tuning device performance. We introduce poly(methylsilsesquioxane)–poly(N,N-di-4-methylphenylamino styrene) (PMSSQ–PTPA) as a potential hole-injection layer forming material. Spin-coating and thermally induced crosslinking resulted in an effective planarization of the anode interface. HOMO level (−5.6 eV) and hole mobility (1 × 10<SUP>−6</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP> · Vs<SUP>−1</SUP>) of the film on ITO substrates were measured by cyclovoltammetry and time-of-flight measurement demonstrating the hole injection capability of the layer. Adhesion and stability for further multilayer built-up could be demonstrated. Contact angle measurements and tape tests after several solvent treatments proved the outstanding film stability.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900196-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900196-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Poly(methylsilsesquioxane)–poly(N,N-di-4-methylphenylamino styrene) (PMSSQ–PTPA) as potential hole-injection layer (HIL) forming material was used for effective planarization of the anode interface. The obtained HIL showed high stability and adhesion even after several solvent treatments. <img src='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900196-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/10221336-2009-30-14-MARC200900196-content'> </P>
Xing Liu,이종근,Michael R. Kessler 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.10
Norbornene-based healing agent candidates, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and ENB with a custom crosslinker, were prepared into uniform microspheres using a Shirasu porous glass (SPG) emulsification technique,and microencapsulated by in situ polymerization of melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF). The resulting microcapsules were observed by optical and scanning electron microscopy for their morphology, outer and inner surface and shell thickness. Particle size analysis revealed a more uniform size distribution with a mean diameter of 40 μm than a conventional method using a mechanical impeller. The thermal and mechanical properties of the microcapsules were also examined by considering fabrication of self-healing composites.
Liu, Xing,Sheng, Xia,Lee, Jong Keun,Kessler, Michael R. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Macromolecular materials and engineering Vol.294 No.6
<P>Microcapsules for self-healing applications were produced with a melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) polymer shell containing two different healing agent candidates, 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and ENB with 10 wt.-% of a norbornene-based crosslinking agent (CL), by in situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion. Relatively neat outer surfaces with minor roughness were observed on the MUF microcapsules under optical and scanning electron microscopy. Shell thickness of the capsules ranged from 700 to 900 nm. Particle size analysis of the microcapsules showed narrow size distributions with a mean diameter of 113 µm for ENB-filled and 122 µm for ENB + CL-filled microcapsules at an agitation rate of 500 rpm. The microcapsules were found to be thermally stable up to 300 °C and exhibited a 10 to 15% weight loss when isothermally held at 150 °C for 2 h from thermogravimetric analysis. Overall, these MUF microcapsules exhibited superior properties compared to the urea-formaldehyde (UF) microcapsules used extensively for self-healing composites to date. In addition, the manufacturing process of MUF microcapsules is much simpler than those made from UF. Additional advantages of MUF microcapsules for self-healing composites are discussed.</P><P> <img src='wiley_img/14387492-2009-294-6-7-MAME200900015-gra001.gif' alt='wiley_img/14387492-2009-294-6-7-MAME200900015-gra001'> </P> <B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>Microencapsulation of two self-healing agent candidates with a new shell material is reported. The two healing agents include 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB) and ENB with a norbornene-based crosslinker. Melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) was used for microencapsulating the two healing agents. These MUF microcapsules exhibited superior properties compared to the UF microcapsules for further development of composites with self-healing functionality. <img src='wiley_img/14387492-2009-294-6-7-MAME200900015-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14387492-2009-294-6-7-MAME200900015-content'> </P>