Analysis of Wavelet Denoising of a Colour ImageWith Different Types of Noises

Prateek Kumar,Sandeep Kumar Agarwal 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.6

There are various types of noises that affect quality of an image such as Salt-and-pepper noise, Poison noise, Gaussian noise, Speckle noise etc. Wavelet is a powerful tool for denoising a variety of signals. Here a White Flower image has been taken for denoising purpose with the help of HAAR Transform. The noisy image is first decomposed into five levels to obtain different frequency bands. Then hard thresholding method is used to remove the noisy coefficients by fixing the optimum thresholding value. In this paper, analysis of a colored image is carried out with four different noises at zero mean that are applied on the image to produce noisy images. Residual image is obtained from the original and noisy image & its statistical parameters such as mean, median, mode, standard deviation, mean absolute deviation, median absolute deviation are calculated. In order to enhance the quality of the noisy images, performance parameters of denoised images must be estimated. The comparison between noisy and denoised image is taken in terms of MSE (mean square error), PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio), RMSE (root mean square error), SNR (signal to noise ratio) and SSIM (structural similarity index).

Comparison of Silicon and Silicon-Tungsten Disulphide Heterojunction Based Tub-type Back Gated MOSFET Using Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function

Prateek Kumar,Maneesha Gupta,Gaurav Kr,Naveen Kumar,Vishal Yadav 한국전기전자재료학회 2021 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.22 No.4

At nanoscale along with the failure of Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor due to short channel effects, Silicon has raised as another bottleneck for researchers. In the last couple of decades, researchers have provided diff erent solutions in the form of Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides materials. Each Graphene and Transition Metal Dichalcogenides has its own set of disadvantages like poor I ON /I OFF ratio and lower carrier mobility and hence cannot be used individually. In this article, a tub type metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor is designed and for application of the device in a low power VLSI domain, the back-gated technique is used. Different device properties are studied first with a Silicon-based channel and then a Silicon-Tungsten Disulphide heterojunction channel. The selection of SiO2 as a gate insulator and contact material is also justified. This article shows that instead of using conventional Silicon-based devices it is better to use heterojunction devices, as they offer much lower OFF-state current and better linearity properties.

Linearity Analysis of MoTe 2 -FET based Single Transistor AND Gate Using Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function

Prateek Kumar,Maneesha Gupta,Kunwar Singh,Naveen Kumar 한국전기전자재료학회 2022 Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Material Vol.23 No.2

Continuous failure of Metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors due to short channel effects has motivated researchers to find novel devices like tunnel field-effect transistors and junctionless transistors. The impractical nature of the analysed devices showed that the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor is still the backbone of the industry. In this manuscript, a single transistor-based AND gate is analysed. For designing the gate, a split-gate metal oxide semiconductor field-effect-transistor is used. Due to the physical limitations of Silicon, MoTe2 is considered as the substrate material. To consider all the quantum effects, the Non-equilibrium Green’s function is used to solve the device behavior. The split-gate acts as the input for the designed AND logic structure. For state ‘01’ and ‘10’, different device properties are studied andit is shown that proper conduction does not take place when either of the gates is in OFF-state. For state ‘11’, the analysed device operates as conventional MOSFET, and the drain current–gate voltage characteristics are studied. To investigate the device thoroughly, the effect of parameter variation on device characteristics is examined. The device behavior as an AND gate is confi rmed by checking the linearity parameters. It is found that the device can be used as an AND gate with low noise and power dissipation.

Denoising of A Mixed Noise Color Image Through Special Filter

Sandeep Kumar Agarwal,Prateek Kumar 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.1

Image denoising is the manipulation of the image data to produce a visually high quality image. At present there are a variety of methods to remove noise from digital images. There are different types of filters like mean filter, median filter, bilateral filter, wiener filter etc. to remove a single type of noise such as salt and pepper noise, speckle noise, Gaussian noise etc. But if the image is corrupted by mixed noise then these filters do not remove the noise exactly. Here a white flower image has been taken for denoising purpose. The white flower image is corrupted by mixed noise at zero mean and different variances to produce different noisy images at zero mean and respective variances. Noisy image is denoised by discrete wavelet transform (DWT) denoising technique using ‘Haar’ wavelet and different filters like median filter, wiener filter and bilateral filter one-by-one to produce noise free image as much as possible. Different parameters like MSE (mean square error), PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio), RMSE (root mean square error), SNR (signal to noise ratio) and SSIM (structural similarity index) estimate the performance of all filters. Special filter is designed with the help of these performance estimations so that a better filter for mixed noise image denoising purpose can be implemented. All mixed noisy images are denoised by the special filters and their performance parameters are estimated. The special filter is a combination of various filters and denoising techniques to remove of mixed noise from a digital image. The comparisons between noisy and denoised images of the special filter and other filters are presented in the form of graphs and tables.

Straight lift technique as an alternative to surgical extraction of an intact, partially impacted mesioangular mandibular third molar

Anshul J. Rai(Anshul J. Rai ),Jitendra Kumar(Jitendra Kumar ),Babu Lal(Babu Lal ),Prateek Shakti(Prateek Shakti ) 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.5

Impacted mandibular third molar removal is the most common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. An array of alternative pro-cedures have been suggested, like operculectomy in cases of pericoronitis and coronectomy in certain cases. However, these procedures pose several disadvantages, and we propose a relatively non-invasive ‘straight lift technique’. This technique is specifically useful in straightening abnormally posi-tioned mesioangular third molars as a substitute of complete removal. This can improve tooth function, eliminate the need for surgical intervention, and reduce the risk of complications associated with third molar removal.

Infected Lower Limb Megaprosthesis on 68Ga-NOTA-Ubiquicidin PET/CT Imaging

Prateek Kaushik,Satya Dev Maurya,Nishikant Damle,Sanjana Ballal,Venkatesan Sampath Kumar,Chandrasekhar Bal,Madhavi Tripathi 대한핵의학회 2022 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.56 No.3

Pain after prosthesis implant is a common clinical problem which requires distinction of septic from aseptic causes since the treatment differs. Non-invasive imaging methods play an important role in the diagnosis. Radiolabelled ubiquicidin can be used for imaging infection by binding directly to bacterial cell wall. We describe a case of a 24-year-old man with right lower limb megaprosthesis which did not show any loosening on computed tomography (CT) but was accurately diagnosed as infected prosthesis with 68Ga-NOTA-ubiquicidin(29-41) acetate scan.

Proposed Methods for Real-Time Measurement of Posterior Condylar Angle during TKA

( Prateek Behera ),( Devendra Kumar Chouhan ),( Mahesh Prakash ),( Mandeep Dhillon ) 대한슬관절학회 2014 대한슬관절학회지 Vol.26 No.4

purpose: Conventional instruments are known to result in high numbers of outliers in restoring femoral component rotation primarily due to fixed degree of external rotation resection relative to the posterior condylar line (PCL). Outliers can be reduced by determining the patient specific posterior condylar angle (PCA) preoperatively or intraoperatively. There is a paucity of methods that can be used during surgery for determining the PCA. We propose two simple, real-time methods to determine the PCA and hence to measure the axial anatomical variation during surgery. materials and methods: The study was conducted using axial computed tomography (CT) scans of the knees of 26 patients. The commercial software K-PACS and our proposed two methods (trigonometric and protractor) were used to measure the angle between the transepicondylar axis and PCL, i.e., PCA. Statistical comparison between the mean angles obtained by K-PACS and our methods were done. results: The three methods resulted in similar PCAs. The mean PCA measured by the three methods were similar. The mean PCA value measured by the K-PACS, trigonometric method and protractor method was 6.27o (range, 0o to 12o), 6.23o (range, 0o to 11.11o) and 6.31o (range, 0o to 12o), respectively. There were significant correlations between the K-PACS measured PCA and trigonometrically or protractor measured PCA. conclusions: Our novel, simple, easily reproducible, real-time and radiation-free PCA measurement methods obviate the need for preoperative CT scan for identification of patient specific PCA.

DNA Ploidy and S-phase Fraction Analysis in Paediatric B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cases: a Tertiary Care Centre Experience

Kumar, Banothu Kiran,Bhatia, Prateek,Trehan, Amita,Singh, Ajit Pal,Kaul, Deepak,Bansal, Deepak Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

DNA ploidy is an important prognostic parameter in paediatric B-ALL, but the significance of the S-phase fraction is unclear. In present study, DNA ploidy was assessed in 40 pediatric B-ALL cases by flow cytometry. The DI (DNA index) and percentage of cells in S-phase were calculated using Modfit software. Aneuploidy was noted in 26/40 (65%) cases. A DI of 1.10-1.6 (hyperdiploidy B) was noted in 20/40 (50%) and 6/40 (15%) had a DI>1.60 (triploid and tetraploid range). Some 14/40 (35%) cases had a diploid DI between 0.90-1.05. None of the cases had a DI <0.90 (hypodiploid) or in the 1.06-1.09 (hyperdiploid A) range. The mean S-phase fraction was 2.6%, with 24/40 (60%) having low and 16/40 (40%) high S-phase fractions. No correlation was noted with standard ALL risk and treatment response factors with DI values or S-phase data, except for a positive correlation of low S-phase with high NCI risk category (p=0.032). Overall frequency of hyperdiploidy in our cohort of B-ALL patients was very high (65%). No correlation between hyperdiploidy B and low TLC or common B-phenotype was observed in our study as 42% cases with DI 1.10-1.6 had TLC> $50{\times}10^9$ and 57.1% CD 10 negativity. The study also highlighted that S-phase fraction analysis does not add any prognostic information and is not a useful parameter for assessment in ALL cases. However, larger studies with long term outcome analysis are needed to derive definitive conclusions.

Beamforming in Vehicle to Infrastructure Scenario with Respect to LSTM and NAR Method

Bhadauria Prateek,Kumar Ravi,Sharma Sanjay 대한전기학회 2024 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.19 No.1

The application of deep learning for adaptive beamforming is a necessary and disruptive advancement in wireless communication technology. It has the potential to satisfy the continuous need for data trafc in a highly dense network created by the vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) scenario. Due to excessive usage of data in V2I scenario interference is a pertinent problem. It is essential to adaptively predict and nullify the interference for V2I scenarios. Practical V2I network implementation is limited because of the inevitability of interference due to the random nature of the wireless channel. This paper proposes an adaptive beamforming (ABF) technique for mitigation of interference in V2I networks, especially in a multiuser environment. In this work, LSTM based deep learning and Non-Linear Auto Regressive (NAR) based regressor have been employed to predict the angles between the RSU’s and UE. Simulation results have confrmed that the proposed LSTM model achieves comparable performance in terms of system throughput when compared with the non-linear auto regressive (NAR) method implemented as an artifcial neural network (ANN).

Ultrasonication coupled electrochemical treatment of sugar industry wastewater: Optimization, and economic evaluation

Ratnesh Kumar Patel,Ravi Shankar,Prateek Khare,Prasenjit Mondal 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.7

This study demonstrates the optimization of treatment option, an integrated advanced-oxidation process(AOP) based approach where integration of two processes, ultrasonication (US) and electrocoagulation (EC), wereapplied for sugar industry wastewater (SIW) treatment. Experimental results confirm that the individual US and ECprocesses for SIW treatment are found to be inefficient, as only 16% COD removal (equivalent to COD removal:268mg/L) is achieved with US process in 20min, while 68% COD removal (equivalent to COD removal: 1,142mg/L)is achieved in 60 min operation time with EC process. Encouraging results were obtained after integration of US(10.6% COD removal in 20min equivalent to COD removal from 1,680mg/L to 1,502mg/L) with EC (82% CODremoval in 30 min equivalent to COD removal from 1,502mg/L to 270mg/L) process, which is collectively classified asultrasonication-electrochemical (US+EC) process. Overall integration of US and EC process ultimately increased theCOD removal up to ~84% (equivalent to COD removal from 1,680mg/L to 270mg/L) in comparatively shorter operatingtime (US+EC=30min). Calorific value of sludge and scum obtained after EC treatment was determined as 3.69and 2.87MJ/kg, respectively. Treatment cost of sono-electrochemical is estimated based on 1 kg COD removal or 1m3wastewater as 1.40 or 1.974 $, respectively, which is found on lower ends when compared with the many other availabletreatment technologies.