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Adhikari, Prakash,Shin, Jung-Ah,Lee, Jeung-Hee,Hu, Jiang-Ning,Zhu, Xue-Mei,Akoh, Casimir C,Lee, Ki-Teak John WileySons, Ltd. 2010 Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture Vol.90 No.4
<P>BACKGROUND: Trans-free interesterified fat was produced for possible usage as a spreadable margarine stock. Rice bran oil, palm stearin and coconut oil were used as substrates for lipase-catalyzed reaction.</P><P>RESULTS: After interesterification, 137–150 g kg<SUP>−1</SUP> medium-chain fatty acid was incorporated into the triacylglycerol (TAG) of the interesterified fats. Solid fat contents at 25 °C were 15.5–34.2%, and slip melting point ranged from 27.5 to 34.3 °C. POP and PPP (β-tending TAG) in palm stearin decreased after interesterification. X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated that the interesterified fats contained mostly β′ polymorphic forms, which is a desirable property for margarines.</P><P>CONCLUSIONS: The interesterified fats showed desirable physical properties and suitable crystal form (β′ polymorph) for possible use as a spreadable margarine stock. Therefore, our result suggested that the interesterified fat without trans fatty acid could be used as an alternative to partially hydrogenated fat. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry</P>
Comparative Study of Trans Fatty Acid Content in 2005 and 2008 Processed Foods from Korean Market
Adhikari, Prakash,Yu, Feng,Lee, Jeung-Hee,Park, Hye-Kyung,Kim, Jong-Wook,Lee, Eun-Ju,Lee, Ki-Teak 한국식품과학회 2010 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.19 No.2
Trans fatty acids (t-FA) contents were analyzed in 26 food items that were collected from Korean grocery stores in 2005 and 2008. Lipid was extracted through Soxhlet and Mojonnier methods. Fatty acid profile, including t-FA and positional fatty acid composition was analyzed by gas chromatography. The comparative study of fatty acids composition including t-FA was employed in 2005 and 2008. Among the analyzed food items, most of the food items showed higher lipid content in 2005 than in 2008. Some food items such as biscuits (0.4-7.2 g/100 g of food), fried snacks (0.1-3.6 g/100 g of food), and cookies (0.4-2.4 g/100 g of food) contained relatively higher level of t-FA than other food groups (cracker, processed chocolate, and ice cream) in 2005. Comparing t-FA content in 2005, it was considerably decreased up to 91.5% in 2008 whereas saturated fatty acids (SFA) were increased up to 43.3% in the analyzed food items.
Association of Floral Bud and Anther Size with Microspore Developmental Stage in Campari Tomato
Prakash Babu Adhikari,Won Hee Kang 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.5
Successful anther/microspore culture largely depends on the use of microspores at appropriate developmental stages at the time of culture, which can be specific for each plant species and genotype. This study was carried out to determine the correlation between morphological characteristics, namely floral bud (FB) length and width and anther length, and specific microspore developmental stages in Campari tomato. FBs ranging from 3.55 mm to 18.38 mm were collected, for which FB diameter and anther length were quantified. Furthermore, the developmental stage of microspores contained within these FBs were observed and recorded. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between each size parameters and the progression of microspore development. Moreover, the strongest correlation was observed between anther length and microspore development, indicating that this parameter was more suitable to predict the microspore developmental stage than the FB size parameters. The study also showed wide and overlapping ranges of FB lengths/diameters and anther lengths for specific microspore developmental stages. Subsequent histological observation revealed that this was the result of microspores at multiple developmental stages within a single anther. Moreover, microspores located in the middle of anthers were at a more advanced developmental stage compared to that of microspores at either anther extremity. The results of this study can be readily applied in the collection of Campari tomato FBs/anthers that harbor microspores at particular developmental stages for anther/microspore culture or for further tissue–specific developmental studies. Also, the technique described here can be applied for similar applications in other plant species and genotypes.
Export Marketing Strategies For Nepalese Ready Made Garment Industries
Bishow Prakash ADHIKARI(프라카쉬 비쇼),Ji Young JEONG(정지영),Kishor KOIRALA(고이일라 기소르) 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2013 아태경상저널 Vol.5 No.2
네팔의 의류산업은 가장 큰 국가 기간 산업 중 하나이며 네팔 경제의 중요한 역할을 차지하고 있는, 외화수입의 주요한 원천이다. 이 연구의 목적은 네팔산업의 수출현황과 마케팅 전략, 마케팅 전략을 발전시키기 위함이다. 주요 자료들과 이차적 자료들 모두 이 연구를 위해 사용되었다. 이 논문은 2003년 이후 네팔산 의류 수출산업은 전반적으로 감소추세에 있다. 현재의 마케팅 분석에 따르면, 전력량 감소와 정치적 불안정이 산업의 생산과 수출 감소에 중대한 요인으로 꼽혔다. 지금까지 수출 마케팅은 의류산업에서 거의 무시되는 영역이었다. 네팔 산업에 도움이 되는 거의 대부분의 전략은 경쟁자 프로파일링과 경쟁 분석법(Competitor Profiling and Competitiveness Analysis)이었다. 그러나 지금까지 사용된 전략들이 이미 시대에 뒤쳐진 것이고, 시장상황의 필요를 충족하기에 효과적이지 못했다. 따라서 수출 마케팅 전략에도 변화가 필요하며 감정평가에 있어서도 시급한 변화들이 필요하게 되었다. 우리의 연구는, 애프터서비스(After Sales Follow-up) 전략이 여타의 시장 및 고객 프로파일링(Market and Costumer Profiling)과 경쟁자 프로파일링 및 경쟁 분석법(Competitors Profiling and Competitiveness Analysis) 보다 더 효과적이라고 결론 내렸다. 세계 의류산업에서 벌어지는 경쟁에서 살아남기 위해서는, 네팔 정부와 산업주체들이 반드시 협력해야만 한다. Nepalese ready-made garment(RMG) industry is the largest industrial sector of the country and a major source of foreign currency that draws an important role in the economy of Nepal. The study is conducted to investigate the export status of Nepalese RMG, marketing strategies, and future need for improvement of marketing strategies. Both the primary and secondary data were used in the present study. This study shows the decreasing export trend of Nepalese RMG since 2003. The current marketing strategies, electric power cut and political instabilities are the major causes of decreasing production and export of RMG. Until now, marketing is the neglected part of the Nepalese garment industry. The most effective marketing strategies that the Nepalese RMG companies implementing are ‘Competitor Profiling and Competitiveness Analysis’ ; however we found that the current strategies implemented is outdated and needs and effective change. Thus, there is an urgent need of review and change of marketing strategies. Our study concluded that ‘After Sales Follow-up’ strategy had primary efficiency even though least implemented, followed by ‘Market and Costumer Profiling’ and ‘Competitors Profiling and Competitiveness Analysis’. The government and the RMG business sector should jointly work together to maintain international competitiveness in the global RMG market.