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Hidden Risk of Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Population
( Sushant Pokhrel ),( Naresh Pokhrel ),( Bashu Dev Pardhe ),( Anit Lamichhane ),( Rakesh Pokhrel ),( Mahendra Prasad Bhatt ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: This study aimed to find the association of liver biomarker with diabetes population. Also, this study focused to find out the risk factors associated with liver disease in Nepalese diabetes patient. Methods: This study was carried out among 238 diabetes and 238 apparently healthy population who attended Modern diagnostic laboratory and Research center, Kathmandu, Nepal. HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose was measure to assess the diabetes population and glycemic control. Aspartate to platelet ratio index (APRI), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio (GPR), fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4), and triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) were assess for prediction of hidden risk liver disease. Diabetic patient with higher than the cut-off value obtained from ROC curve analysis of different liver marker index were subjected to multivariate regression analysis to measure the independent risk factor for progression liver disease in different model. Results: Patient with poor glycemic control had a significantly higher level of APRI (P=0.05), GPR (P=0.039), and TyG (P<0.001). Higher HbA1c showed significantly positive correlation with APRI (r=0.154, P=0.017), GPR (r=0.203, P=0.002), FIB4 (r=0.132, P=0.042), and TyG (r=0.510, P<0.001) in diabetic population. The Area under ROC curve of GPR was 0.700 (0.654-0.747), APRI 0.839 (0.803-0.874), FIB-4 0.820 (0.783-0.857), and TyG 0.909 (0.882-0.874) with p-value <0.05. The cut-off value (sensitivity, specificity) of GPR was 0.227 (63.4%, 63%), APRI 0.241 (71.0%, 80.3%), FIB-4 1.65 (71.8%, 77.3%), and TyG 8.85 (79%, 93.3%) respectively. Triglyceride, AST, and GGT was independent risk factor followed same trend in different 4 model while HbA1c and ALT showed independent risk factor in 3 models. Conclusions: APRI, GPR, FIB4 and TyG can define the hidden risk liver disease in T2DM. The independent risk factors for progression of liver disease in those population are hypertriglyceridemia, higher AST, and higher GGT. Routinely screening for markers may prevent progression of liver disease in T2DM patients.
Investigating Tourism Seasonality in Nepal
Badri Prakash Pokhrel,Ji Young Jeong 전북대학교 산업경제연구소 2015 아태경상저널 Vol.7 No.2
Tourism industry is one of the largest source of foreign exchange and revenue in Nepal. The major objective of this study is to investigate the tourist arrival in Nepal on a monthly basis and its contributions in the economic development. Here, the calculated value of the Gini Coefficient (G) and Seasonality Index (SI) were used to evaluate the tourism seasonality in Nepal in the period of 1991-2013 (23 years). Gini Coefficient was found in lowest 0.1302 having low seasonality in Nepal. Tourists prefer to visit from October to November the most, due to the suitable weather for trekking and mountain climbing. At that seasons, there are different kind of cultural and religious festivals, as well the weather is perfectly pleasant with a clear sky and green countryside with great visibility. These factors attract tourists to travel in Nepal at autumn season. Thus, the number of tourists’ arrival in Nepal at autumn is relatively higher than other seasons (Pokhrel and Jeong, 2015). In this study, we also discuss the negative impacts of seasonality on Nepalese tourism and some suggestions to reduce the negative effects for attaining the positive outcome.
Processing of Porous Ceramics by Direct Foaming: A Review
Pokhrel, Ashish,Seo, Dong Nam,Lee, Seung Taek,Kim, Ik Jin The Korean Ceramic Society 2013 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.50 No.2
Macro porous ceramics possessing controlled microstructures and chemical compositions have increasingly proven useful in the industrial sphere. Their sintered structures have found application in both established and emerging, areas such as thermal insulation in buildings, filtration of liquids and molten materials, refractory insulation, bone scaffolds and tissue engineering. Stable ceramic foams can be formed by wet chemical methods using inorganic particles(e.g., $Al_2O_3$ or $SiO_2$). The wet foams are dried and sintered with improved porosity and mechanical properties. This review examines the different techniques used to prepare porous ceramics from ceramic foams, focusing on the explanation of this versatile method of direct foaming from the past to the present. Comparisons of the processes and the processing parameters are explained with the produced microstructures.
AMPK Alchemy: Therapeutic Potentials in Allergy, Aging, and Cancer
Pokhrel Ram Hari,Acharya Suman,Mishra Sunil,Gu Ye,Manzoor Umar,Kim Jeon-Kyung,Park Youngjun,Chang Jae-Hoon 한국응용약물학회 2024 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.32 No.2
All cells are equipped with intricate signaling networks to meet the energy demands and respond to the nutrient availability in the body. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is among the most potent regulators of cellular energy balance. Under ATP -deprived conditions, AMPK phosphorylates substrates and affects various biological processes, such as lipid/glucose metabolism and protein synthesis. These actions further affect the cell growth, death, and functions, altering the cellular outcomes in energy-restricted environments. AMPK plays vital roles in maintaining good health. AMPK dysfunction is observed in various chronic diseases, making it a promising target for preventing and alleviating such diseases. Herein, we highlight the different AMPK functions, especially in allergy, aging, and cancer, to facilitate the development of new therapeutic approaches in the future.
Algorithm Development of a Visibility Monitoring Technique Using Digital Image Analysis
Pokhrel, Rajib,Lee, Hee-Kwan Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.1
Atmospheric visibility is one of the indicators used to evaluate the status of air quality. Based on a conceptual definition of visibility as the maximum distance at which the outline of the selected target can be recognized, an image analysis technique is introduced here and an algorithm is developed for visibility monitoring. Although there are various measurement techniques, ranging from bulk and precise instruments to naked eye observation techniques, each has their own limitations. In this study, a series of image analysis techniques were introduced and examined for in-situ application. An imaging system was built up using a digital camera and was installed on the study sites in Incheon and Seoul separately. Visual range was also monitored by using a dual technology visibility sensor in Incheon and transmissometer in Seoul simultaneously. The Sobel mask filter was applied to detect the edge lines of objects by extracting the high frequency from the digital image. The root mean square (RMS) index of variation among the pixels in the image was substantially correlated with the visual ranges in Incheon and Seoul with correlations of $R^2$=0.88 and $R^2$=0.71, respectively. The regression line equations between the visual range and the RMS index in Incheon and Seoul were VR=$2.36e^{0.46{\times}(RMS)}$ and VR=$3.18e^{0.15{\times}(RMS)}$, respectively. It was also confirmed that the fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) have more impacts to the impairment of visibility than coarse particles.
Controlling the Porosity of Particle Stabilized Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Based Ceramics
Pokhrel, Ashish,Park, Jung-Gyu,Jho, Gae-Hyong,Kim, Jin-Young,Kim, Ik-Jin The Korean Ceramic Society 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.6
The microstructure of particle stabilized wet foams can be tailored by using parameters including the amphiphile concentration, contact angle, and surface tension. The influence of these parameters on the porosity is satisfactorily described in terms of a combined influence of the contact angle and surface tension of the initial suspensions that are directly affected by the amphiphile concentration. The resulting macroporous structures exhibited a total porosity of 82%. The foam cells were predominantly closed due to the air bubbles of the original wet foams being completely covered.
Stabilization of Wet Foams for Porous Ceramics Using Amphiphilic Particles
Pokhrel, Ashish,Park, Jung-Gyu,Nam, Jeong-Sic,Cheong, Deock-Soo,Kim, Ik-Jin The Korean Ceramic Society 2011 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.48 No.5
Wet foams formed through direct foaming were stabilized using various concentrations of amiphiphilic particles that could control pore size and porosity. These porous materials showed moderate strength upon compression with high porosity. Bubble size and wet foam stability were tailored by amphiphile concentration, particle concentration, contact angle, and pH of the suspension to obtain crack-free porous solid after sintering. Closed and open pores were obtained with sizes of 30~300 ${\mu}m$ and porosities of over 80%.
Pokhrel, Nitin Kumar,Kim, Yong-Gun,Kim, Jae-Young,Kim, Hong-Hee,Lee, Youngkyun Wiley (John WileySons) 2017 Journal of periodontology Vol.88 No.4
<P>Conclusion: Combined, these results suggest fluvastatin directly inhibited osteoclastogenesis and efficiently blocked bone erosion.</P>