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Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Implications for Honey Bee Health
Chen, Yan Ping,Pettis, Jeffery S.,Corona, Miguel,Chen, Wei Ping,Li, Cong Jun,Spivak, Marla,Visscher, P. Kirk,DeGrandi-Hoffman, Gloria,Boncristiani, Humberto,Zhao, Yan,vanEngelsdorp, Dennis,Delaplane, Public Library of Science 2014 PLoS pathogens Vol.10 No.7
<▼1><P><I>Israeli acute paralysis virus</I> (IAPV) is a widespread RNA virus of honey bees that has been linked with colony losses. Here we describe the transmission, prevalence, and genetic traits of this virus, along with host transcriptional responses to infections. Further, we present RNAi-based strategies for limiting an important mechanism used by IAPV to subvert host defenses. Our study shows that IAPV is established as a persistent infection in honey bee populations, likely enabled by both horizontal and vertical transmission pathways. The phenotypic differences in pathology among different strains of IAPV found globally may be due to high levels of standing genetic variation. Microarray profiles of host responses to IAPV infection revealed that mitochondrial function is the most significantly affected biological process, suggesting that viral infection causes significant disturbance in energy-related host processes. The expression of genes involved in immune pathways in adult bees indicates that IAPV infection triggers active immune responses. The evidence that silencing an IAPV-encoded putative suppressor of RNAi reduces IAPV replication suggests a functional assignment for a particular genomic region of IAPV and closely related viruses from the Family <I>Dicistroviridae</I>, and indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for limiting multiple honey bee viruses simultaneously and reducing colony losses due to viral diseases. We believe that the knowledge and insights gained from this study will provide a new platform for continuing studies of the IAPV–host interactions and have positive implications for disease management that will lead to mitigation of escalating honey bee colony losses worldwide.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Author Summary</B></P><P>The mysterious outbreak of honey bee Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD) in the US in 2006–2007 has attracted massive media attention and created great concerns over the effects of various risk factors on bee health. Understanding the factors that are linked to the honey bee colony declines may provide insights for managing similar incidents in the future. We conducted this study to elucidate traits of a key honey bee virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus. We then developed an innovative strategy to control virus levels. The knowledge and insights gained from this study will have positive implications for bee disease management, helping to mitigate worldwide colony losses.</P></▼2>
Petti, Luigi,Giannattasio, Giovanni,De Iuliis, Massimiliano,Palazzo, Bruno Techno-Press 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.1
This paper presents the most significant results obtained within a broad-ranging experimental program aiming to evaluate both the effectiveness and the robustness of a Base Isolation (BIS) and a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) combined control strategy (BI & TMD). Following a brief description of the experimental model set-up and the adopted kinematic scaling technique, this paper describes the identification procedures carried out to characterize the system''s model. The dynamic response of a small-scale model to recorded earthquake excitations, which has been scaled by using the Buckingham pi-theorem, are later presented and discussed. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the combined control strategy is evaluated by comparing the model's dynamic response. In particular, reduction in relative displacements and absolute accelerations due to the application of different mass damping systems is investigated.
Software Frameworks for Model Composition
Petty, Mikel D.,Kim, Jungyoon,Barbosa, Salvador E.,Pyun, Jai-Jeong Hindawi Limited 2014 Modelling and simulation in engineering Vol.2014 No.-
<P>A software framework is an architecture or infrastructure intended to enable the integration and interoperation of software components. Specialized types of software frameworks are those specifically intended to support the composition of models or other components within a simulation system. Such frameworks are intended to simplify the process of assembling a complex model or simulation system from simpler component models as well as to promote the reuse of the component models. Several different types of software frameworks for model composition have been designed and implemented; those types include common library, product line architecture, interoperability protocol, object model, formal, and integrative environment. The various framework types have different components, processes for composing models, and intended applications. In this survey the fundamental terms and concepts of software frameworks for model composition are presented, the different types of such frameworks are explained and compared, and important examples of each type are described.</P>
Luigi Petti,Giovanni Giannattasio,Massimiliano De Iuliis,Bruno Palazzo 국제구조공학회 2010 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.6 No.1
This paper presents the most significant results obtained within a broad-ranging experimental program aiming to evaluate both the effectiveness and the robustness of a Base Isolation (BIS) and a Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) combined control strategy (BI & TMD). Following a brief description of the experimental model set-up and the adopted kinematic scaling technique, this paper describes the identification procedures carried out to characterize the system뭩 model. The dynamic response of a small-scale model to recorded earthquake excitations, which has been scaled by using the Buckingham pi-theorem, are later presented and discussed. Finally, the effectiveness and robustness of the combined control strategy is evaluated by comparing the model뭩 dynamic response. In particular, reduction in relative displacements and absolute accelerations due to the application of different mass damping systems is investigated.
Lee, Kye Ung,Cho, Yang Hwi,Petty, Mike C.,Ahn, Byung Tae Elsevier 2009 Carbon Vol.47 No.2
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>A single-wall carbon nanotube film was deposited by the sequential deposition of positively charged single-wall carbon nanotube with poly diallyldimethylammonium and negatively charged single-wall nanotube with poly sodium 4-styrenesulfonate. The sequential deposition was repeated 10 times and Al was used as an electrode to measure the electrical conductivity of the film. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed that the film had two semicircles with the resistances of 300 and 1700Ω, representing single-wall carbon nanotube and polyelectrolyte parts, respectively. The conductivity of the film was enhanced when the water molecules were removed by heat treatment. The analysis of the <I>J</I>–<I>V</I> characteristics indicates that the mechanism of the charge transfer through the single-wall carbon nanotube-polyelectrolyte film is quantum mechanical tunneling.</P>