http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Osteoprotegerin-Ligand in osteoporosis, arthritis, and mammary gland development
Kong, Young-Yun,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Yoon, Mi-Jeong,Josef M. Penninger 이화여자대학교 세포신호전달연구센터 2001 고사리 세포신호전달 심포지움 Vol. No.3
The morphogenesis and remodelling of bone requires the synthesis of bone matrix by osteoblasts and its coordinated resorption by osteoclasts. The TNF family molecule Osteoprotegerin-ligand(OPGL; also known as ODF, TRANCE, and RANKL) is a key factor stimulating the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts, and is therefore essential for bone remodelling and calcium mobilization from the bones. Inactivation of the opgl gene in mice results in a complete block in osteoclast development that leads to severe osteopetrosis and a failure in tooth eruption. OPGL exerts its effects on osteoclasts by binding to the TNFR family receptor RANK(receptor activator of NFkB). Osteoprotegerin(OPG) acts as a soluble decoy receptor and competes with RANK for binding to OPGL. The balance between OPGL and OPG levels determines osteoclast activation, skeletal calcium release, and bone remodelling. Abnormalities in the OPGL/RANK/OPG system lead to the increased bone resorption that underlies the bone damage of postmenopausal osteoporosis, Paget's disease, bone loss in metastatic cancers and crippling rheumatoid arthritis. In mammals, calcium transport from the mother to the fetus and neonates is a vital process to preserve the species. Mothers meet the increased requirements for calcium during pregnancy and lactation by doubling their intestinal calcium absorption and demineralizing their skeletons via activation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Recently we demonstrated that OPGL and RANK, the master regulators of skeletal calcium release, are essential for the formation of the lactating mammary gland, the organ required for transmission of maternal calcium to neonates in mammalian species. Moreover, we found that pregnancy hormones induce OPGL expression in mammary epithelial cells and milk protein genes, β-casein and whey acidic protein, are induced by OPGL through C/EBPβ transcriptional factor, thus a mechanism independent of STAT5.
Receptor Activator of NF-κB Ligand Regulates the Proliferation of Mammary Epithelial Cells via Id2
Kim, Nam-Shik,Kim, Hyun-Ju,Koo, Bon-Kyoung,Kwon, Min-Chul,Kim, Young-Woong,Cho, Yunje,Yokota, Yoshifumi,Penninger, Josef M.,Kong, Young-Yun American Society for Microbiology 2006 Molecular and cellular biology Vol.26 No.3
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>Receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) is a key regulator for mammary gland development during pregnancy. RANKL-deficient mice display impaired development of lobulo-alveolar mammary structures. Similar mammary gland defects have been reported in mice lacking Id2. Here we report that RANKL induces the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells via Id2. RANKL triggers marked nuclear translocation of Id2 in mammary epithelial cells. In vivo studies further demonstrated the defective nuclear translocation of Id2, but the normal expression of cyclin D1, in the mammary epithelial cells of <I>rankl</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mice. In vitro studies with nuclear localization sequence-tagged Id2 revealed that the nuclear localization of Id2 itself is critical for the downregulation of p21 promoter activity. Moreover, RANKL stimulation failed to induce cell growth and to downregulate p21 expression in <I>Id2</I><SUP><I>−/−</I></SUP> mammary epithelial cells. Our results indicate that the inhibitor of helix-loop-helix protein, Id2, is critical to control the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells in response to RANKL stimulation.</P>
CHMP5 controls bone turnover rates by dampening NF-κB activity in osteoclasts
Greenblatt, Matthew B.,Park, Kwang Hwan,Oh, Hwanhee,Kim, Jung-Min,Shin, Dong Yeon,Lee, Jae Myun,Lee, Jin Woo,Singh, Anju,Lee, Ki-young,Hu, Dorothy,Xiao, Changchun,Charles, Julia F.,Penninger, Josef M. The Rockefeller University Press 2015 The Journal of experimental medicine Vol.212 No.8
<▼1><P>Greenblatt et al. show that deletion of CHMP5 in osteoclasts leads to increased bone resorption coupled with exuberant osteoblast activity, resembling an early onset form of human Paget’s Disease of Bone</P></▼1><▼2><P>Physiological bone remodeling requires that bone formation by osteoblasts be tightly coupled to bone resorption by osteoclasts. However, relatively little is understood about how this coupling is regulated. Here, we demonstrate that modulation of NF-κB signaling in osteoclasts via a novel activity of charged multivesicular body protein 5 (CHMP5) is a key determinant of systemic rates of bone turnover. A conditional deletion of CHMP5 in osteoclasts leads to increased bone resorption by osteoclasts coupled with exuberant bone formation by osteoblasts, resembling an early onset, polyostotic form of human Paget’s disease of bone (PDB). These phenotypes are reversed by haploinsufficiency for <I>Rank</I>, as well as by antiresorptive treatments, including alendronate, zolendronate, and OPG-Fc. Accordingly, CHMP5-deficient osteoclasts display increased RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and osteoclast differentiation. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that CHMP5 cooperates with the PDB genetic risk factor valosin-containing protein (VCP/p97) to stabilize the inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα), down-regulating ubiquitination of IκBα via the deubiquitinating enzyme USP15. Thus, CHMP5 tunes NF-κB signaling downstream of RANK in osteoclasts to dampen osteoclast differentiation, osteoblast coupling and bone turnover rates, and disruption of CHMP5 activity results in a PDB-like skeletal disorder.</P></▼2>
FA-50 서보공탄성 해석모델 정확도 향상을 위한 비행시험
이은석,Kavin Penning,김태훈,이성,윤종호 한국항공우주학회 2011 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.11
Fly-By-Wire 항공기에서 비행안정성을 보장하기 위한 공기력, 탄성구조, 비행제어를 통합적으로 고려하는 서보공탄성 해석을 수행한다. 수치해석 모델을 만들어 모든 비행영역 및 대기 센서 고장 및 조종면 센서 고장 상태 등 모든 비행 형상에 대하여 안정성 해석을 수행한다. 초기 감쇠계수를 고려하지 않는 수치해석모델은 일반적으로 실제 항공기 특성에 비하여 보수적인데, 비행시험 데이터와 비교하여 감쇠계수 수정 등을 통하여 해석모델의 정확도 및 신뢰도를 높였다. 해석의 보수성을 줄여 요구조건을 만족하지 않는 모드에 대하여 적합한 구조연계필터 설계를 수행하였다. ASE (Aeroservoelasticity) analysis which considers aerodynamic, structure elasticity and flight control to ensure the control stability is sufficient on Fly-By-Wire aircraft. It was analyzed for not only store configuration of FA-50 but hung store configuration which might induce the instability. Also it was considered air data sensor and control surface failure cases in the whole envelops that aircraft can flight. Since, in general, numerical analysis model is conservative than a real aircraft characteristic, modified damping coefficient to enhance the accuracy and fidelity of numerical model. Then make a structural filter to satisfy the requirements, even though reduce conservatism of numerical model.
Leonardo T. Camardella,Edwin M. Ongkosuwito,E. Willemijn Penning,Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman,Oswaldo V. Vilella,K. Hero Breuning 대한치과교정학회 2020 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.50 No.1
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy and reliability of measurements performed using two different software programs on digital models generated using two types of plaster model scanners (a laser scanner and a computed tomography [CT] scanner). Methods: Thirty plaster models were scanned with a 3Shape laser scanner and with a Flash CT scanner. Two examiners performed measurements on plaster models by using digital calipers and on digital models by using Ortho Analyzer (3Shape) and Digimodel® (OrthoProof) software programs. Forty-two measurements, including tooth diameter, crown height, overjet, overbite, intercanine and intermolar distances, and sagittal relationship, were obtained. Results: Statistically significant differences were not found between the plaster and digital model measurements (ANOVA); however, some discrepancies were clinically relevant. Plaster and digital model measurements made using the two scanning methods showed high intraclass coefficient correlation values and acceptable 95% limits of agreement in the Bland-Altman analysis. The software used did not influence the accuracy of measurements. Conclusions: Digital models generated from plaster casts by using laser and CT scanning and measured using two different software programs are accurate, and the measurements are reliable. Therefore, both fabrication methods and software could be used interchangeably.