Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Pandanus fascicularis Lamk. leaves in animal models

Panda, Prabhudutta,Panda, DP,Panda, PK,Nayak, SS Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2008 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.7 No.5

The present study was carried out to elucidate the potential of, chloroform extract of Pandanus (P.) fascicularis Lamk (Family-Pandanaceae) leaves on antinociceptive, behavioral study and anti-inflammatory effects using various animal models The dried, powdered leaves of, P. fascicularis were extracted successively with petroleum ether ($60\;-\;80^{\circ}C$) and chloroform in soxhlet apparatus. The chloroform extract (yield 21.6% w/w with respected to dry powdered plant material) was selected for all experimental procedure. Two models were employed to investigate the effects on nociception, the tail immersion and hot plate method in Swiss albino mice and anti inflammatory effect were investigated by employing the carrageenan induced rat paw edema test in. adult Wister albino rats. Behavioral study was investigated by elevated plus maze method in Swiss albino mice. Results were revealed that the PFCE was found significant antinociceptive effect (P < 0.001) at the dose levels of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, orally in mice and produced remarkable antiinflammatory effect (P < 0.001) at the same dose levels used in the rats. Behavioral study of the PFCE has no significant anxiolysis effect when used orally. It concludes that, PFCE possessed remarkable antinociceptive effect and anti-inflammatory effect but no anxiolytic effect on animal models.

Numerical modeling and prediction of adhesion failure of adhesively bonded composite T-Joint structure

Subhransu K Panda,Pradeep K Mishra,Subrata K. Panda 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.74 No.6

This study is reported the adhesion failure in adhesive bonded composite and specifically for the T-joint structure. Three-dimensional finite element analysis has been performed using a commercial tool and the necessary outcomes are obtained via an eight noded solid element (Solid 185-element) from the library of ANSYS. The structural analysis input has been incurred through ANSYS parametric design language (APDL) code. The normal and shear stress distributions along different layers of the joint structure have been evaluated as the final outcomes. Based on the stress distributions, failure location in the composite joint structure has been identified by using the Tsai-Wu stress failure criterion. It has been found that the failure index is maximum at the interface between flange and web part of the joint (top layer) which indicates the probable location of failure initiation. This kind of failures are considered as adhesion failure and the failure propagation is governed by strain energy release rate (SERR) of fracture mechanics. The different adhesion failure lengths are also considered at the failure location to calculate the SERR values i.e. mode I fracture (opening), mode II fracture (sliding) and mode III fracture (tearing) along the failure front. Also, virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) principle of fracture mechanics steps is used to calculate the above said SERRs. It is found that the mode I SERR is more dominating compared to other two modes of failure for the joint considered. Finally, the influences of various parametric (geometrical and material) effect on SERR of the joint structure are evaluated and discussed in details.

Quantification of Karanjin, Tannin and Trypsin Inhibitors in Raw and Detoxified Expeller and Solvent Extracted Karanj (Pongamia glabra) Cake

Panda, A.K.,Sastry, V.R.B.,Kumar, A.,Saha, S.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.12

Despite being a rich source of protein (28-34%), karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is found to be bitter in taste and toxic in nature owing to the presence of flavonoid (karanjin), tannin and trypsin inhibitor, thereby restricting its safe inclusion in poultry rations. Feeding of karanj cake at higher levels (>10%) adversely affected the growth performance of poultry due to the presence of these toxic factors. Therefore, efforts were made to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods such as dry heat, water washing, pressure cooking, alkali and acid treatments and microbiological treatment with Sacchraromyces cerevisiae (strain S-49). The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and tannin and trypsin inhibitor was quantified by titrametric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The karanjin, tannin and trypsin inhibitor levels in such solvent and expeller pressed karanj cake were 0.132, 3.766 and 6.550 and 0.324, 3.172 and 8.513%, respectively. Pressure-cooking of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) substantially reduced the karanjin content at a cake:water ratio of 1:0.5 with 30-minute cooking. Among chemical methods, 1.5% (w/w) NaOH was very effective in reducing the karanjin content. $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment was also equally effective in karanjin reduction, but at a higher concentration of 3.0% (w/w). A similar trend was noticed with respect to treatment of expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC). Pressure cooking of EKC was effective in reducing the karanjin level of the cake. Among chemical methods alkali treatment [2% (w/w) NaOH] substantially reduced the karanjin levels of the cake. Other methods such as water washing, dry heat, HCl, glacial acetic acid, urea-ammoniation, combined acid and alkali, and microbiological treatments marginally reduced the karanjin concentration of SKC and EKC. Treatment of both SKC and EKC with 1.5% and 2.0% NaOH (w/w) was the most effective method in reducing the tannin content. Among the various methods of detoxification, dry heat, pressure cooking and microbiological treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were substantially effective in reducing the trypsin inhibitor activity in both SKC and EKC. Based on reduction in karanjin, in addition to tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity, detoxification of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3% $Ca(OH)_2$, w/w) and with 2% NaOH were more effective. Despite the effectiveness of pressure cooking in reducing the karanjin content, it could not be recommended for detoxification because of the practical difficulties in adopting the technology as well as for economic considerations.

AN ORDER LEVEL INVENTORY MODEL FOR PERISHABLE SEASONAL PRODUCTS WITH DEMAND FLUCTUATION

Panda, S.,Basu, M. Korean Society of Computational and Applied Mathem 2008 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.26 No.3-4

A single item order level inventory model for perishable products is considered in which a constant fraction of on hand inventory spoils per unit time. Demand linearly depends on time. The fluctuation of demand is taken into account to determine minimum total cost of the system. Both discrete and continuous fluctuations are considered. The model is developed and solved analytically for infinite time horizon. A numerical example is presented for finite time horizon. Sensitivity analysis of the model is carried out.

REDUCTION FORMULAS FOR GENERALIZED LAURICELLA FUNCTIONS

Panda, Rekha Department of Mathematics 1975 Kyungpook mathematical journal Vol.15 No.1

Reproductive Performance of Dairy Buffaloes Supplemented with Varying Levels of Vitamin E

Panda, N.,Kaur, Harjit,Mohanty, T.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.1

The effect of vitamin E supplementation on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level, total antioxidant level and reproductive performance in Murrah buffaloes was studied during periparturient period. Twenty-four advance pregnant buffaloes were randomly divided into four equal groups as $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ and were supplemented with 0, 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate (Merck) from 60 days prepartum to 30 days postpartum and 0, 500, 750 and 1,000 IU from 30 to 60 days postpartum, respectively. Blood samples were collected at -60, -45, -30, -15, -7, 0, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of parturition and were analyzed for plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and total antioxidant activity (TAA). The intake of DM, CP and TDN did not vary among different groups. Plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and TAA around parturition (-7 to 15 day) in $T_3$ and $T_4$ were significantly higher than the control group. There was 17% reduction in retention of fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis in $T_4$ than control. The post partum estrus interval averaged 58.00, 55.33, 51.83 and 43.00 days in $T_1$, $T_2$, $T_3$ and $T_4$ respectively. There was significant reduction in days open in both $T_3$ and $T_4$ in comparison to $T_1$ group (127,130 Vs.146). All the vitamin E supplemented groups showed reduction in days open than their previous lactation performance. Supplementation of vitamin E at $1,500IU\;d^{-1}$ from 60 day prepartum to 30 day post partum to buffaloes exhibited beneficial effect on plasma ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level and TAA around parturition and continuation of its supplementation at $1,000IU\;d^{-1}$ from 30 to 60 days of lactation improved post partum reproductive performance of buffaloes.

A behavioral reasoning theory of nonprofit competition for grant acquisition

Panda Debadutta Kumar 한국행정학회 2023 International Review of Public Administration Vol.28 No.2

This study examines nonprofit competition for grant acquisition from the behavioral reasoning theory. The study was conducted in 2 phases. Personal interviews were conducted with the senior managers of 44 Nonprofit Organizations (NPOs), and information was processed using a coding technique to find out the ‘reason for’ and the ‘reason against’ nonprofit competition for grant acquisition (study 1). Post that, responses were collected from 377 senior NPO managers and the information was processed using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model-ing (study 2). The ‘reason for’ nonprofit competition was the reputational benefit and sustainability benefit, and the ‘reason against’ nonprofit competition was the organizational barrier, knowledge barrier, and image barrier. The ‘reason for’ positively impacted and the ‘reason against’ negatively impacted the motive and intention of nonprofit leaders for grant acquisition. The motive for grant acquisition positively impacted the inten-tion for grant acquisition in nonprofit leaders.

Validation of primary formaldehyde gas standards prepared by dynamic thermogravimetry through a tri-national comparison of gaseous formaldehyde amount fraction

Panda, N.,Kim, M.,Aoki, N.,Zhou, Z.,Shimosaka, T.,Kim, Y.,Lee, S.,Kim, D. Springer Science + Business Media 2016 Accreditation and quality assurance Vol.21 No.4

<P>A validation study for primary formaldehyde gas standards was performed at three National Metrology Institutes: the Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) and the National Institute of Metrology of China (NIM). The studied materials had a nominal amount fraction of 2 mu mol/mol formaldehyde in nitrogen balance and were prepared in 10-L aluminum cylinders by KRISS. The impurities in the materials were analyzed using a gas chromatograph/atomic emission detector and a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The stability of the materials was assessed for 1 year by KRISS using paraformaldehyde as a source for the primary standard gas and a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) instrument as the measurement method. The amount fraction of formaldehyde in the materials decreased linearly by 0.74 % each month. The studied materials that exhibited similar linear rates of decline were distributed to the participants. After the measurement was completed by the participants, the materials were returned to KRISS and the stability analysis based on the primary standard maintained at KRISS was repeated. NMIJ analyzed the materials using paraformaldehyde as the source of the primary standard of formaldehyde and FTIR analysis, whereas NIM used trioxane as the primary standard gas source and CRDS analysis. The results of the comparison revealed good agreement between the results and were within the expanded uncertainty of 2 % although each of them used different combinations of methods in the generation of primary gas standards and measurements.</P>

Bio-inspired self-propelled diatom micromotor by catalytic decomposition of H₂O₂ under low fuel concentration

Panda, Atanu,Reddy, Ankireddy Seshadri,Venkateswarlu, Sada,Yoon, Minyoung The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Nanoscale Vol.10 No.34

<P>Recently, active bubble-propelled micromotors have attracted great attention for fuel applications. However, for generating bubble-propelled micromotors, additional catalysts, such as Pt, Ag, and Ru, are required. These catalysts are expensive, toxic, and highly unstable for broad applications. To overcome these issues, in this study, we present an innovative methodology for the preparation of self-propelled motor machines using naturally occurring diatom frustules. This natural diatom motor shows effective motion in the presence of a very low concentration (0.8%) of H2O2 as a fuel at pH 7. Due to the unique 3D anisotropic shape of the diatom, the self-propelled motor exhibited unidirectional motion with a speed of 50 μm s<SUP>−1</SUP> and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. It was found that a trace amount of iron oxide (Fe2O3) in the diatom was converted into Fe3O4, which can act as a catalyst to achieve the facile decomposition of H2O2. Interestingly, “braking” of the unidirectional motion was observed upon treatment with EDTA, which blocked the catalytically active site. These results illustrate that diatom catalytic micromotors have opened a new era in the field of catalysis and bioengineering applications.</P>

Synergistic interactions of Aegle marmelos leaf, Emblica officinalis fruit and Ocimum sanctum leaf extracts in the regulation of hyperthyroidism and / or hyperglycaemia

Panda, Sunanda,Kar, Anand Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Research Center 2004 Oriental pharmacy and experimental medicine Vol.4 No.1

The effects of Aegle marmelos (Rutaceae) leaf, Emblica officinalis (Euphorbiaceae) fruit and Ocimum sanctum. (Labiateae) leaf extracts were studied in L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg) induced hyperthyroidic mice. Separately combined effects of these three plant extracts and of a commonly used antithyroidic drug, Propyl thiouracil (PTU) were investigated for comparison. Serum concentration of thyroxine $(T_4)$, triiodothyronine $(T_3)$, glucose and the activity of hepatic Glucose 6-Phosphatase (G-6-Pase) were considered as main parameters. Hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT) activities were also studied to reveal the toxic effect of the plant extracts, if any. While exogenous $T_4$ enhanced serum concentration of $T_4$, $T_3$, glucose and the activity of hepatic G-6-Pase, a simultaneous administration of either A. marmelos leaf (1.0 mg/kg), E. officinalis fruit( 30 mg/kg) and O. sanctum leaf (50 mg/kg) extracts, to hyperthyroidic animals decreased all these parameters. However, the effects were more pronounced, as nearly normal thyroid function and serum glucose concentration were exhibited when all three plant extracts were administered together. A decrease in LPO and a concomitant increase in SOD and the CAT activities indicated the safe and antiperoxidative nature of the plant extracts, administered either alone or in combination. Our findings reveal that the three test plant materials exhibit synergistic effects without any hepatotoxicity, suggesting their potential use in the amelioration of hyperthyroidism and/ or hyperglycaemia.