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Osamu Yoshida (사) 이준국제법연구원 2011 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.4 No.1
This paper examines the early operation of the Kyoto Protocol’s non-complianceprocedure since 2006. Several important non-compliance cases recently or currentlybefore the Kyoto Compliance Committee of the procedures and mechanisms deserveto be analysed and discussed. As we may see, the enforcement branch of theCompliance Committee has dealt with some important cases of non-compliance;Among them, from the viewpoint of interpretation or application of internationalenvironmental treaties, the question of compliance by Croatia would be particularlyinteresting. What must be noticed is that the Kyoto Protocol’s NCP has prepared amultilateral forum which enables both the parties and the enforcement branch to basetheir arguments on international legal perspectives. This examination will alsocontribute to contested theories of compliance with international legal rules.
Naohisa Yoshida,Osamu Dohi,Ken Inoue,Ritsu Yasuda,Takaaki Murakami,Ryohei Hirose,Ken Inoue,Yuji Naito,Yutaka Inada,Kiyoshi Ogiso,Yukiko Morinaga,Mitsuo Kishimoto,Rafiz Abdul Rani,Yoshito Itoh 거트앤리버 소화기연관학회협의회 2019 Gut and Liver Vol.13 No.2
A laser endoscopy system was developed in 2012. The system allows blue laser imaging (BLI), BLI-bright, and linked color imaging (LCI) to be performed as modes of narrowband light observation; these modes have been reported to be useful for tumor detection and characterization. Furthermore, an innovative endoscopy system using four-light emitting diode (LED) multilight technology was released in 2016 to 2017 in some areas in which laser endoscopes have not been approved for use, including the United States and Europe. This system enables blue light imaging (this is also known as BLI) and LCI with an LED light source instead of a laser light source. Several reports have shown that these modes have improved tumor detection. In this paper, we review the efficacy of BLI and LCI with laser and LED endoscopes in tumor detection and characterization.
Risk Factors for Prolonged Hospital Stay after Endoscopy
Toshihiro Nishizawa,Shuntaro Yoshida,Osamu Toyoshima,Tatsuya Matsuno,Masataka Irokawa,Toru Arano,Hirotoshi Ebinuma,Hidekazu Suzuki,Takanori Kanai,Kazuhiko Koike 대한소화기내시경학회 2021 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.54 No.6
Background/Aims: The recovery room used after endoscopy has limited capacity, and an efficient flow of the endoscopy unitis desired. We investigated the duration of hospital stay after endoscopy and the risk factors for prolonged hospital stay amongoutpatients. Methods: We retrospectively studied consecutive patients who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy or colonoscopy at theToyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. We collected data on age, sex, body weight, midazolam and pethidine dosage, respiratory depressionduring endoscopy, and duration of hospital stay after endoscopy (scope out to check out). Risk factors for prolonged hospital stay (>100minutes) were identified using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: We enrolled 3,898 patients, including 3,517 (90.2%) patients tested under sedation and 381 (9.8%) patients tested withoutsedation. Overall, 442 (11.3%) patients had prolonged stay (>100 min). The mean time difference between sedation group and nonsedationgroup was 44.2 minutes for esophagogastroduodenoscopy and 39.1 minutes for colonoscopy. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.025;95% confidence interval [CI], 1.014−1.036), female sex (OR, 1.657; 95% CI, 1.220−2.249), and midazolam dose (OR, 1.019; 95% CI,1.013−1.026) were independently associated with prolonged hospital stay after esophagogastroduodenoscopy, with similar results forcolonoscopy. Conclusions: Old age, female sex, and midazolam dose were independent risk factors for prolonged hospital stay after endoscopy.
( Sun-young Lee ),( Naohisa Yoshida ),( Osamu Dohi ),( Sang Pyo Lee ),( Daisuke Ichikawa ),( Jeong Hwan Kim ),( In-kyung Sung ),( Hyung Seok Park ),( Eigo Otsuji ),( Yoshito Itoh ),( Chan Sup Shim ),( 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.3
Background/Aims: The presence of invasion is a diagnostic criterion of early gastric cancer (EGC) in Korea, whereas diagnosis in Japan is based on enlarged nuclei and prominent nucleoli. Moreover, the depth of invasion is the location of cancer cell infiltration in Korea, whereas it is the location of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) or cancer cell infiltration in Japan. We evaluated the characteristics of EGC with LVI to uncover the effects of different diagnostic criteria. Methods: Consecutive T1-stage EGC patients who underwent complete resection were included after endoscopic or surgical resection. The presence of LVI was evaluated. Results: LVI was present in 112 of 1,089 T1-stage EGC patients. LVI was associated with depth of invasion (p<0.001) and age (p=0.017). The prevalence of LVI in mucosal cancer was significantly higher in Korea (p<0.001), whereas that of submucosal cancer was higher in Japan (p=0.024). For mucosal EGC types, LVI was positively correlated with diagnostic criteria applied in Korea (p=0.017). For submucosal EGC types, LVI was positively correlated with Japanese criteria (p=0.001) and old age (p=0.045). Conclusions: The higher prevalence of LVI for mucosal EGC in Korea and for submucosal EGC in Japan indicates that different diagnostic criteria should be considered when reading publications from other countries. (Gut Liver 2017;11:383-391)
Research Articles : Peptides from Bombyx Fibroin Counter D-Galactose-induced Hair Aging in Mice
( Kei Ichiro Yamamoto ),( Masaaki Tsushima ),( Atsushi Yoshida ),( Mayumi Karimazawa ),( Osamu Nagasuna ),( Michimasa Uchidate ),( Akira Iwabuchi ),( Masanobu Goryo ),( Tetsuro Yamashita ),( Koichi Su 한국잠사학회 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.23 No.2
Using proteases, we produced a peptide mixture from fibroin of the silkworm Bombyx mori. Mice received D-galactose by subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks to accelerate aging, and then received the peptide mixture orally for 7 weeks. In the mice aged with D-galactose, the coefficient of friction of hair increased significantly up to 1.6-fold, but in the mice subsequently given the peptide mixture, it was normal. Scanning electron microscopy showed improved hair cuticles in the latter mice too. These results indicate that oral administration with peptides from Bombyx fibroin counters the aging of hair cuticles.
Peptides from Bombyx Fibroin Counter D-Galactose-induced Hair Aging in Mice
Yamamoto, Kei-Ichiro,Tsushima, Masaaki,Yoshida, Atsushi,Karimazawa, Mayumi,Nagasuna, Osamu,Uchidate, Michimasa,Iwabuchi, Akira,Goryo, Masanobu,Yamashita, Tetsuro,Suzuk, Koichi Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2011 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.23 No.2
Using proteases, we produced a peptide mixture from fibroin of the silkworm $Bombyx$ $mori$. Mice received D-galactose by subcutaneous injection for 8 weeks to accelerate aging, and then received the peptide mixture orally for 7 weeks. In the mice aged with D-galactose, the coefficient of friction of hair increased significantly up to 1.6-fold, but in the mice subsequently given the peptide mixture, it was normal. Scanning electron microscopy showed improved hair cuticles in the latter mice too. These results indicate that oral administration with peptides from $Bombyx$ fibroin counters the aging of hair cuticles.
( Naminatsu Takahara ),( Hiroyuki Isayama ),( Yousuke Nakai ),( Shuntaro Yoshida ),( Tomotaka Saito ),( Suguru Mizuno ),( Hiroshi Yagioka ),( Hirofumi Kogure ),( Osamu Togawa ),( Saburo Matsubara ),( 대한간학회 2017 Gut and Liver Vol.11 No.4
Background/Aims: Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) has emerged as a palliative treatment for malignant gastric outlet obstruction (GOO). Although covered SEMSs can prevent tumor ingrowth, frequent migration of covered SEMSs may offset their advantages in preventing tumor ingrowth. Methods: We conducted this multicenter, single-arm, retrospective study at six tertiary referral centers to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a partially covered SEMS with an uncovered large-bore flare at the proximal end as an antimigration system in 41 patients with symptomatic malignant GOO. The primary outcome was clinical success, and the secondary outcomes were technical success, stent dysfunction, adverse events, and survival after stent placement. Results: The technical and clinical success rates were 100% and 95%, respectively. Stent dysfunctions occurred in 17 patients (41%), including stent migration in nine (23%), tumor ingrowth in one (2%), and tumor overgrowth in four (10%). Two patients (5%) developed adverse events: one pancreatitis and one perforation. No procedurerelated death was observed. Conclusions: A novel partially covered SEMS with a large-bore flare proximal end was safe and effective for malignant GOO but failed to prevent stent migration. Further research is warranted to develop a covered SEMS with an optimal antimigration system. (Gut Liver 2017;11:481-488)
Glycemic Control Is Associated with Histological Findings of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Miyake Teruki,Furukawa Shinya,Bunzo Matsuura,Osamu Yoshida,Masumi Miyazaki,Akihito Shiomi,Ayumi Kanamoto,Hironobu Nakaguchi,Yoshiko Nakamura,Yusuke Imai,Mitsuhito Koizumi,Takao Watanabe,Yasunori Yamam 대한당뇨병학회 2024 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.48 No.3
Background: Poor lifestyle habits may worsen nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and cirrhosis. This study investigated the association between glycemic control status and hepatic histological findings to elucidate the effect of glycemic control on NAFLD.Methods: This observational study included 331 patients diagnosed with NAFLD by liver biopsy. Effects of the glycemic control status on histological findings of NAFLD were evaluated by comparing the following four glycemic status groups defined by the glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level at the time of NAFLD diagnosis: ≤5.4%, 5.5%–6.4%, 6.5%–7.4%, and ≥7.5%.Results: Compared with the lowest HbA1c group (≤5.4%), the higher HbA1c groups (5.5%–6.4%, 6.5%–7.4%, and ≥7.5%) were associated with advanced liver fibrosis and high NAFLD activity score (NAS). On multivariate analysis, an HbA1c level of 6.5%– 7.4% group was significantly associated with advanced fibrosis compared with the lowest HbA1c group after adjusting for age, sex, hemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, and creatinine levels. When further controlling for body mass index and uric acid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, the higher HbA1c groups were significantly associated with advanced fibrosis compared with the lowest HbA1c group. On the other hand, compared with the lowest HbA1c group, the higher HbA1c groups were also associated with a high NAS in both multivariate analyses.Conclusion: Glycemic control is associated with NAFLD exacerbation, with even a mild deterioration in glycemic control, especially a HbA1c level of 6.5%–7.4%, contributing to NAFLD progression.