RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARTICLE SIZE REDUCTION OF RETICULO-RUMINAL CONTENTS AND CHEWING TIME

Okamoto, M.,Oura, R.,Sekine, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1989 Animal Bioscience Vol.2 No.3

Line of Sight Estimation from EOG Signal withVariation of Electrode Position for Human Machine Interface

M. I Rusydi,T. Okamoto,M. Sasaki,S. Ito 한국재활복지공학회 2012 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

Electro-oculogram (EOG) is such kind of sensitive biosignal that comes from eyes activities. Using the NF Instrument as the sensor to obtain the signal from gaze motion, the optimum electrode positions in order to distinguish the distance of vertical and horizontal movement were observed based on the magnitude and the stability of EOG signal. There were twelve electrode positions, each six beside and below the eye, as the candidate for the suitable electrode position to acquire the EOG. Another experiment to compare the signal difference between left and right eye was also investigated in horizontal and vertical eye movement. The result shows that the position number 2 satisfies the desired condition for horizontal movement and position number 11 leads in magnitude and stability of the EOG signal in vertical movement. Position number 10 is available for vertical and horizontal gaze motion for the alternative option. These positions were tested by finding the relationship between displacement (pixel) and EOG signal(μV). The result shows that linear approaching to this condition successfully detect the system not only in horizontal or vertical case but also in diagonal gaze motion with average error pixel around 80 pixels or 1.6 cm. Based on this result, we concluded that although we can get easily the EOG signal around the eyes, but not all positions can give a clear figure, so it is very important to determine the suitable electrode position

Characteristics of Whispering Gallery Modes in a Single Spheroid: Dependence on the Direction of Incident Light

M. Fujii,M. Fukui,M. Haraguchi,T. Okamoto 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1

We have made a numerical analysis of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) excited by a gaussian beam by using the finite-difference time-domain method and have obtained the characteristics of the WGMs in spheroids for various incidence directions of the incident light. In the calculations, we have considered a microspheroid located in vacuum surrounded by a perfectly matched layer as absorbing boundaries. It was assumed that the refractive index of the spheroid was 1.590 and the aspect ratio, R, ranged from 1.00 to 1.20. The diameter for the short axis was 1.50 μm. For the polarized light launched along the long axis, the resonance characteristics of excited WGMs were similar to those of a microsphere. On the other hand, for the polarized light launched along the short axis, several weak resonances, which were not observed for a sphere, where found in addition to the main WGM resonances. From a plot of the resonance wavelength as a function of R, it is found that the wavelength for the prominent resonance agrees with that for the weak resonances at R = 1.00 and varies linearly with R. The wavelengths for the weak resonances shift toward the shorter side compared with the prominent one with increasing R. These results can be interpreted in that the degenerated states of WGMs in a sphere split off several states of WGMs in a spheroid because of spatial anisotropy.

PARTICLE POOL SIZE AND TURNOVER RATE OF INGESTA IN THE RETICULO-RUMEN OF NORMAL AND ABSESSED SHEEP

Okamoto, M.,Miyazaki, H.,Oura, R.,Sekine, J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1990 Animal Bioscience Vol.3 No.3

Sixteen mature sheep were fed chaffed orchardgrass hay once a day for 7 days. In 7th day, four sheep were slaughtered either prior to eating, 2, 8 or 16 hours after the commencement of eating to measure digesta pool size and particle size distribution in the reticulo-rumen. One sheep slaughtered at 8 hours after feeding had absesses at the cardia and in the lungs and could not ruminate normally. Time spent eating and rumination in the sheep on the day before slaughtering were 85 and 29 (pseudo-rumination 227) minutes a day, compared to those were 112 and 277 minutes in the other animals, respectively. Total actual chewing time in the sheep with absesses and the other animals were 98 and $373{\pm}132$ minutes, respectively. Dry matter(DM) intake in the sheep was $2.9g/kgBW^{0.75}$ which was only about 17% of that in the other animals. The pool sizes of reticulo-rumen DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were somewhat smaller in the sheep than the others. The pool sizes of large particle (>1.18mm) DM and NDF in the animal were similar with those in the other animals. Mean DM retention time in the sheep was 207.4 hours which was about 4.2 times longer than that in the other animals.

Using EOG Signal to Control Robot Manipulator

M.I. Rusydi,Y. Mori,T. Okamoto,M. Sasaki,S. Ito 한국재활복지공학회 2012 한국재활복지공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.11

Electro-oculograph (EOG) is one of the biosignal that can be used to improve life quality in human machine interface area. EOG occurs as the eye activities change the magnitude of potential between cornea and retina. This signal was used to control robot manipulator in four directions (up, down, left and right). To record this phenomenon we used NF Instrument with head box to amplify the signal and processor box to process digital filter. Combination of 3 digital filter, 1.6 High Pass Filter, 60 Hz Low Pass Filter and 60 Hz Ham Filter added by 6 Hz Low Pass Filter gave neat signal until the difference among the eye movement could be distinguished. This is a real time system because we could detect when a signal comes and send it to the robot manipulator system through Arduino microcontroller. The determination of the signal emersion was successfully calculated by the combination of wavelet transform with scale = 1 and translation = 0.031 and garbor filter with O=1. Since the average accuracy of the system is more than 90% so we can use this method for some extend application later.

COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF YOUNG CALVES IN SEVERAL HOUSING SYSTEMS IN THE WINTER OF COLD REGIONS

Okamoto, M.,Sone, A.,Hoshiba, S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1993 Animal Bioscience Vol.6 No.2

A total of thirty male Holstein calves were reared outdoors with simple housings or in warmed pens in three experiments conducted in three consecutive midwinters in Hokkaido. Average outdoor air temperatures during the experiments were between -5.3 and $-6.1^{\circ}C$, and average minimum air temperatures were between -9.7 and $-10.6^{\circ}C$. The age of calves at the start of the experiments were $16{\pm}6$ hours. There was no difference in the liquid feed intake, while the solid concentrate (artificial milk) intake by the calves in the simple housing systems (outdoors, calf hutch and open shed) tended to be higher than those in the warmed pen. No significant differences in the daily gain or the monthly development of wither height were observed among housing systems. There were no serious cases of diarrhea. However, coughing was observed in several of the calves reared in the poorly ventilated warmed pens.

Microscopic and Macroscopic Investigations of Localized Surface Plasmons on Ag Nanoparticles Embedded in Porous TiO2 Glass

T. Ogawa,M. Nakayama,M. Haraguchi,M. Kuwahara,M. Fukui,S. Matsuo,T. Okamoto 한국물리학회 2005 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.47 No.1

We have macroscopically and microscopically investigated the localized surface plasmons (LSPs)on Ag anoparticles embedded in porous TiO2 glass. We have prepared TiO2 glass containing Ag nanoparticles (Ag/TiO2) by the sol-gel process and changed the porosity of the TiO2 glass by drying under a high vacuum condition. Using a spectrometer, we have macroscopically measured the absorption spectra (ABS) on all Ag nanoparticles and using near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM), we have microscopically measured the scattering spectra on a single Ag nanoparticle in the Ag/TiO2 after each drying process. Fitting the spectra derived from the numerical calculation based on the Mie theory to that evaluated from the ABS and the NSOM measurements, we have evaluated the deviation of the full width at half maximum evaluated by the experimental measurements from that derived from the theoretical calculation (FWHM) and the bound (Hashin-Shtrikman bounds) of the porosity of the TiO2 glass by the use of the Hashin Shtrikman limit, similar to the literature [1]. It has been found that the FWHM of the scattering spectra on the single Ag nanoparticle can be much smaller than one of the ABS on all Ag nanoparticles in the Ag/TiO2. This result is due to that the ABS is influenced by the aggregation and the size distribution of all Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, on extrapolating from the plot of FWHM vs porosity, the FWHM is reduced to zero when the porosity is about 15 %.

Effect of Replacing Rolled Corn with Potato Pulp Silage in Grass Silage-based Diets on Nitrogen Utilization by Steers

Aibibula, Y.,Okine, A.,Hanada, M.,Murata, S.,Okamoto, M.,Goto, M. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.8

Three Holstein steers fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae were fed grass silage-based diets supplemented with potato pulp silage as a substitute for rolled corn at levels of 0%, 50% and 100% on a DM basis in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design to investigate the effect of potato pulp silage on nitrogen (N) utilization in ruminants. Organic matter (OM) intake, and rumen and total tract digestibilities did not differ among treatment diets. Rumen and post-rumen starch digestibilities were similar among treatments, although starch intake decreased (p<0.01) with potato pulp supplementation. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in ruminal N utilization and non-ammonia N supply to the duodenum of steers fed grass silage supplemented with potato pulp silage as a substitute for rolled corn. There were no treatment differences (p>0.05) in rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration or the molar percentages of acetate and propionate. The ammonia-N concentration in rumen fluid tended to decrease (p<0.1) when rolled corn was substituted with potato pulp silage. Ether extract intake and post-ruminal digestibility significantly (p<0.01) decreased in steers fed diets containing potato pulp silage. Concentrations of total cholesterol and phospholipids in serum markedly decreased (p<0.01) with potato pulp silage supplementation without adversely affecting liver function. These data suggested that potato pulp silage has a similar value as rolled corn as an energy source for rumen microorganisms.

Association between bone mass as assessed by quantitative ultrasound and physical function in elderly women: The Fujiwara-kyo study

Akira Minematsu,Kan Hazaki,Akihiro Harano, M.D,Nozomi Okamoto 대한골다공증학회 2017 Osteoporosis and Sarcopenia Vol.3 No.2

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate differences in physical function by bone mass category as assessed by speed of sound, and the association between bone mass and physical function in Japanese elderly women. Methods: Participants (65 years, n ¼ 954) were divided into the osteoporosis, osteopenia, and normal groups based on speed of sound values, and physical function parameters were compared among groups. In addition, the predictive ability of physical function for low bone mass was determined by area under the curve analysis. Data were collected in 4 cities in Nara, Japan, in 2007 or 2008. Results: All physical functions were significantly lower in the osteoporotic group than in the normal group. Lower bone mass was associated with poor muscle strength and physical function after adjusting for age, height and weight. In addition, one-leg standing time and 10-m gait time were predictive of low bone mass (osteopenia and osteoporosis levels, respectively). Elderly women with low physical function, especially those with a short one-leg standing time, should be suspected of having decreased bone mass. Conclusions: Measurements of physical function can effectively identify elderly women with low bone mass at an early stage without the need for bone mass measurements. In particular, one-leg standing time and 10-m gait time were good predictors of low bone mass, and is easy to measure, low-cost, and can be self-measured. These findings will be helpful in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

EFFECT OF TIME AFTER FEEDING ON DISTRIBUTION OF FEED PARTICLES IN THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT OF SHEEP GIVEN ORCHADGRASS HAY ONCE A DAY

Sekine, J.,Imaki, Y.,Kuninishi, Y.,Oura, R.,Miyazaki, H.,Okamoto, M.,Asahida, Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1992 Animal Bioscience Vol.5 No.1

To determine the effect of time after feeding on distribution of particle size of digesta in the gastrointestinal tract, 16 sheep given orchardgrass first cut hay were slaughtered at 2, 8, 16 and 24 hours after feeding and digesta in diverse sites of the tract were sieved into four fractions of particle size larger than $1180{\mu}m$, 300-1180, 45-300 and less than 45. Following results were obtained: 1) In the reticulo-rumen, the proportion of particles larger than $1180{\mu}m$ decreased with the time after feeding, while the other particle size fractions did not change with time after feeding. 2) In the post-ruminal alimentary tract, the proportion of particles larger than $1180{\mu}m$ was significantly smaller than that in the reticulo-rumen and distribution of fractions of every particle size stayed consistently at about the same level irrespective of the time after feeding. 3) In the cecum, the fraction of particle size less than $45{\mu}m$ appeared to be selectively retained when the passage rate was considered.