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Estimating Net Primary Productivity under Climate Change by Application of Global Forest Model (G4M)
Sunyong Sung,Forsell Nicklas,Kindermann Georg,Dong Kun Lee 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2016 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6
Net primary productivity (NPP) is considered as an important indicator for forest ecosystem since the role of the forest is highlighted as a key sector for mitigating climate change. The objective of this research is to estimate changes on the net primary productivity of forest in South Korea under the different climate change scenarios. The G4M (Global Forest Model) was used to estimate current NPP and future NPP trends in different climate scenarios. As input data, we used detailed (1 km × 1 km) downscaled monthly precipitation and average temperature from Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for four RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenarios (2.6/4.5/6.0/8.5). We used MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) NPP data for the model validation. Current NPP derived from G4M showed similar patterns with MODIS NPP data. Total NPP of forest increased in most of RCP scenarios except RCP 8.5 scenario because the average temperature increased by 5°C. In addition, the standard deviation of annual precipitation was the highest in RCP8.5 scenario. Precipitation change in wider range could cause water stress on vegetation that affects decrease of forest productivity. We calculated future NPP change in different climate change scenarios to estimate carbon sequestration in forest ecosystem. If there was no biome changes in the future NPP will be decreased up to 90%. On the other hand, if proper biome change will be conducted, future NPP will be increased 50% according to scenarios.
박진경,David C. Hilmers,Jason A. Mendoza,Janice E. Stuff,Yan Liu,Theresa A. Nicklas 대한의학회 2010 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.25 No.1
This study compared the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), its risk factors,and obesity in adolescents in the United States (US) and Korea. Data were obtained from 2003-2004 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES)and 2005 Korea NHANES for adolescents aged 12-19 yr in the US (n=734) and in Korea (n=664). The 2007 International Diabetes Federation (IDF) pediatric definition for diagnosis of MetS and the 2000 US Growth Charts and 2007 Korea Growth Charts for assessment of obesity were utilized. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in US and Koreans was 5.5% and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity was 18.1% in US compared to 9.0% in Koreans. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia were higher in the US, whereas that of low HDL-C levels was higher in Korea. Despite the doubled prevalence for the single entities of MetS and obesity in the US, the prevalence of MetS in obese US and Koreans did not differ (20.8% and 24.3%, respectively). In conclusion, there are differences in the prevalence of MetS, obesity, and the individual MetS risk factors between the US and Korean adolescents; however, the risk of MetS among obese adolescents is similar in both countries.
Three-dimensional structure of a sunspot light bridge
Felipe, T.,Collados, M.,Khomenko, E.,Kuckein, C.,Asensio Ramos, A.,Balthasar, H.,Berkefeld, T.,Denker, C.,Feller, A.,Franz, M.,Hofmann, A.,Joshi, J.,Kiess, C.,Lagg, A.,Nicklas, H.,Orozco Suá,rez EDP Sciences 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Upper chromospheric magnetic field of a sunspot penumbra: observations of fine structure
Joshi, J.,Lagg, A.,Solanki, S. K.,Feller, A.,Collados, M.,Orozco Suá,rez, D.,Schlichenmaier, R.,Franz, M.,Balthasar, H.,Denker, C.,Berkefeld, T.,Hofmann, A.,Kiess, C.,Nicklas, H.,Pastor Yabar, A Springer-Verlag 2016 Astronomy and astrophysics Vol.596 No.-
Modeling stand-level mortality based on maximum stem number and seasonal temperature
Kim, Moonil,Lee, Woo-Kyun,Choi, Go-Mee,Song, Cholho,Lim, Chul-Hee,Moon, Jooyeon,Piao, Dongfan,Kraxner, Florian,Shividenko, Anatoly,Forsell, Nicklas Elsevier Scientific Pub.Co 2017 Forest ecology and management Vol.386 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Mortality is a key process in forest stand dynamics. However, tree mortality is not well understood, particularly in relation to climatic factors. The objectives of this study were to: (<I>i</I>) determine the patterns of maximum stem number per ha (MSN) over dominant tree height from 5-year remeasurements of the permanent sample plots for temperate forests [Red pine (<I>Pinus densiflora</I>), Japanese larch (<I>Larix kaempferi</I>), Korean pine (<I>Pinus koraiensis</I>), Chinese cork oak (<I>Quercus variabilis</I>), and Mongolian oak (<I>Quercus mongolica</I>)] using Sterba’s theory and Korean National Forest Inventory (NFI) data, (<I>ii</I>) develop a stand-level mortality (self-thinning) model using the MSN curve, and (<I>iii</I>) assess the impact of temperature on tree mortality in semi-variogram and linear regression models. The MSN curve represents the upper boundary of observed stem numbers per ha. The developed mortality model with our results showed a high degree of reliability (R<SUP>2</SUP> =0.55–0.81) and no obvious dependencies or patterns in residuals. However, spatial autocorrelation was detected from residuals of coniferous species (Red pine, Japanese larch and Korean pine), but not for oak species (Chinese cork oak and Mongolian oak). Based on the linear regression analysis of residuals, we found that the mortality of coniferous forests tended to increase with the rising seasonal temperature. This is more evident during winter and spring months. Conversely, oak mortality did not significantly vary with increasing temperature. These findings indicate that enhanced tree mortality due to rising temperatures in response to climate change is possible, especially in coniferous forests, and is expected to contribute to forest management decisions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Applicability of Sterba’s maximum stem number curve on a national scale was confirmed. </LI> <LI> Effect of rising temperature on mortality should be differentiated by tree species. </LI> <LI> Mortality of coniferous trees tends to increase with rising seasonal temperature. </LI> <LI> Coniferous trees are likely more sensitive than oaks to climate change in Korea. </LI> </UL> </P>