Reduction of Sodium Chloride Levels in Emulsified Lamb Sausages: The Effect of Lamb Plasma Protein on the Gel Properties, Sensory Characteristics, and Microstructure

Na Ni,Zhenyu Wang,Linchen Wang,Fan He,Jinkai Liu,Yuan Gao,Dequan Zhang 한국식품과학회 2014 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.23 No.4

Reduced sodium emulsified lamb sausagesproduced using addition of lamb plasma protein wereevaluated for gel properties, sensory attributes, and microstructures. Hardness, cohesiveness, chewiness, redness,yellowness, juiciness, and overall acceptability values ofthe emulsified lamb sausages containing 1.5% sodiumchloride and more than 3% lamb plasma protein weresignificantly (p<0.05) higher than values for sausages with3.5% sodium chloride and no plasma protein. Sensoryattributes indicated that lamb sausages with addition of 4%plasma protein and 1.5% sodium chloride had the greatestoverall acceptability. Matrix morphological characteristicsof sausages were affected by addition of plasma proteinand sodium chloride. Lamb plasma protein enhanced thegel properties of emulsified lamb sausages and improvedthe sensory quality, providing a method to reduce thesodium chloride content of emulsified sausage.

Historical and Strategic Concern over the US-China Trade War: Will They Be within the WTO?

Nany Hur 이준국제법연구원 2018 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.11 No.2

On the special Finsler metric

Nany Lee 대한수학회 2003 대한수학회보 Vol.40 No.3

Given a Riemannian manifold (M,alpha ) with an almost Hermitianstructure f and a non-vanishing covariant vector field b,,consider the generalized Randers metric L=alpha +beta ,,where beta is a special singular Riemannian metric defined byb and f. This metric L is called an (a,b,f)-metric. Wecompute the inverse and the determinant of the fundamental tensor(g_{ij}) of an (a,b,f)-metric. Then we determine the maximaldomain mathcal{D}, of TMsetminus O, for an(a,b,f)-manifold where a y-local Finsler structure L, isdefined. And then we show that any (a,b,f)-manifold isquasi-C-reducible and find a condition under which an(a,b,f)-manifold is C-reducible.

Thrombocythemia 1 With THPO Variant (c.13+1G>A) Diagnosed Using Targeted Exome Sequencing: First Case in Korea

Nani Jung,Do-Hoon Kim,Jung Sook Ha,Ye Jee Shim 대한진단검사의학회 2020 Annals of Laboratory Medicine Vol.40 No.4

Current Knowledge on Inherited Platelet Function Disorders

Nani Jung,심예지 대한소아혈액종양학회 2020 Clinical Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Vol.27 No.1

Inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs) are rare and underdiagnosed in individuals with clinically significant bleeding diathesis. IPFDs are classified according to the causative molecular defects involved in the process of primary hemostasis of platelets, which include the following: 1) adhesion (e.g., Bernard–Soulier syndrome and pseudo-von Willebrand disease), 2) activation (e.g., adenosine diphosphatase receptor defect and thromboxane A2 receptor defect), 3) signal transduction and granule secretion (e.g., gray platelet syndrome, Paris–Trousseau/Jacobsen syndrome, Chediak– Higashi syndrome, and Hermansky–Pudlak syndrome), 4) aggregation (e.g., Glanzmann thrombasthenia), and 5) procoagulant activity (e.g., Scott syndrome). Patients with IPFDs typically present with unexpected mucocutaneous bleeding during early childhood. The diagnosis of these conditions requires several laboratory tests including complete blood cell count, peripheral blood smear, platelet function analysis, light-transmission aggregometry, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, and genetic analysis. Platelet transfusion has been the mainstay of treatment. However, antifibrinolytics, desmopressin, and recombinant activated factor VII are also effective when used as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy. Importantly, the prevention of bleeding event is the most basic strategy in the management of IPFDs. This review aimed to assess the normal platelet physiology and summarize the current knowledge about the molecular defects, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment strategies of the respective IPFDs. If the cause of the bleeding tendency is difficult to identify, IPFDs should be considered.

The Effectiveness of the Cooperation Agenda in FTAs: Ways to Promote Foreign Investment and Development Assistance in Asia*

Nany Hur 한국무역학회 2021 Journal of Korea trade Vol.25 No.6

Purpose – This paper aims at analyzing the functions and effectiveness of the cooperation agenda in Free Trade Agreements (FTAs), focusing on the cases of Asian countries. This paper estimates the contribution of this agenda to the sustainable development in Asia by providing the ‘side payment’ of the economic integration that encourages foreign investment and change in global value chains (GVC). Design/methodology – This study analyzes the functions of the cooperation chapter in FTAs by applying the cooperative game theory and reviewing the structures of the related FTAs. Also, as an empirical study, the existing FTA provisions and related development assistant programs in Asia are reviewed in this paper, especially focusing on the FTAs signed by Korea. Findings – Our main findings can be summarized as follows: The drawback of the economic inte￾gration, which would be the imbalanced economic benefit, can be redressed by the cooperation chapter in FTAs functioning as a ‘side payment’. Indeed, as the examples of Korean FTAs show, more foreign investment and the GVC expansion in Asian countries have been encouraged thanks to the implementation of the cooperation chapters. Originality/value – This paper attempts to find how a legally binding agreement would influence the cooperation agenda in Asia which has never been analyzed despite the increasing number of so-called ‘cooperation’ chapters in the FTAs.

Investment Promotive Effects of Mega-FTAs on the Cooperative Game for Eurasia Initiative

Nany Hur 인하대학교 정석물류통상연구원 2015 JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LOGISTICS AND TRADE Vol.13 No.3

The policy choices of Eurasian states whether to form a coalition along with the “Eurasia Initiative” can be explained by the cooperative game theory. While the each bilateral relationship before making a binding agreement seems to be a non-cooperative game, the coalitions with many other states through a binding agreement of Mega-FTA would be a cooperative game. Despite the lack of numerical data, this study at least tries to show the possibility of applying the game theory to analyze the “Eurasia Initiative” and it’s the impacts of Mega-FTAs on this ambition. While the Eurasia Initiative necessarily involves some economic projects requiring enough investment promotion, Korea can strategically set up the policies linked with the development of Mega-FTAs. To utilize the investment promotive effect of Mega-FTAs, Korea has to assure that the core of the cooperation game would be the grand coalition of a Mega-FTA. If it continues to search for the best policies to maximize the superadditivity of this cooperative game, Korea will finally be able to achieve the co-promotion of Mega-FTAs and the Eurasia Initiative.

LICHNEROWICZ CONNECTIONS IN ALMOST COMPLEX FINSLER MANIFOLDS

LEE, NANY,WON, DAE-YEON Korean Mathematical Society 2005 대한수학회보 Vol.42 No.2

We consider the connections $\nabla$ on the Rizza manifold (M, J, L) satisfying ${\nabla}G=0\;and\;{\nabla}J=0$. Among them, we derive a Lichnerowicz connection from the Cart an connection and characterize it in terms of torsion. Generalizing Kahler condition in Hermitian geometry, we define a Kahler condition for Rizza manifolds. For such manifolds, we show that the Cartan connection and the Lichnerowicz connection coincide and that the almost complex structure J is integrable.

“체계적 통합”을 위한 조약의 해석과 “공통된 이해”

허난이 ( Nany Hur ) 안암법학회 2016 안암 법학 Vol.0 No.49

조약법에 관한 비엔나협약 제31조 3항 (c)의 해석에 대한 논의가 계속되고 있다. 다양한 해석이 논의되고 있지만, “국제법의 파편화” 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 “체계적 통합”에 기초한 조약의 해석이 바람직 할 것이다. “체계적 통합” 이론에 따르면, 비록 해석대상인 조약의 모든 당사국들이 어떠한 조약에 모두 당사국인 것은 아닐지라도 그 조약이 해석대상인 조약과 ‘관련되는 국제법의 규칙’을 담고 있다면 충분히 해석에 있어 참작될 수 있다. 즉 비엔나협약 조문상 ‘당사자들 간 적용될 수 있는 국제법의 관련 규칙’이라는 요건은 좀 더 유연하게 해석될 수 있으며, 따라서 해석대상인 조약 당사국들의 ‘공통된 이해’를 의미하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 여기서 ‘공통된 이해’라는 개념은 조약의 문맥을 명확하게 해석하기 위해서 활용되어야 하는 것이다. 동 개념에 대한 공식적인 정의가 내려진 바는 없다. 그러나 이러한 개념의 도입 취지를 살펴볼 때, 이는 국제관습법으로 발전되기 이전의 중간단계의 규범, 즉 소위 ‘연성법’의 한 종류로 볼 수 있을 것이다. 비엔나협약 제31조 3항 (c)에서의 ‘국제법의 관련 규칙’은 조약과 관습법처럼 구속력이 확정된 실체적인 국제규범뿐 아니라 연성법으로 나타난 규범 또한 포함하는 것으로 광범위하게 해석될 수 있다. 그리고 이러한 해석은 연성법의 한 종류로서의 ‘공통된 이해’에 대한 정의와도 부합한다. ‘공통된 이해’라는 진보적인 성격의 개념은 앞으로 더욱 다변화하는 국제법규범들과 이들의 파편화를 방지할 “체계적 통합” 이론의 확립에 있어 중요한 역할을 할 것이다. There have been continuous debate on the interpretation of Article 31:3(c) of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. However, to resolve the issue of “fragmentation of international law”, the treaty interpretation based on the ‘systemic integration’ would be desirable. According to this theory of ‘systemic integration’, even if not all the parties of the treaty being interpreted have participated in the other treaty, this treaty can be considered together with the context of the treaty being interpreted. The qualification to be a ‘relevant rule of international law’ is to contain the ‘common understanding’ of the parties. Here, the concept of ‘common understanding’ is to clarify the context of the treaty provision. It can be seen as the intermediate norm which is being developed to become a customary international law, a kind of so-called ‘soft law’. Since the word ‘relevant rules of international law’ in Article 31:3(c) can be interpreted widely to include not only the substantive binding international law such as a treaty or custom but also a norm contained in a soft law, this definition of ‘common understanding’ is consistent with the structure of this article. The progressive concept of ‘common understanding’ would take a key role to make the ‘systemic integration’ which will prevent further fragmentation of international law.

ZERMELO'S NAVIGATION PROBLEM ON HERMITIAN MANIFOLDS

Lee, Nany The Kangwon-Kyungki Mathematical Society 2006 한국수학논문집 Vol.14 No.1

In this paper, we apply Zermelo's problem of navigation on Riemannian manifolds to Hermitian manifolds. Using a similar technique with which we define a Randers metric in a Finsler manifold by perturbing Riemannian metric with a vector field, we construct an $(a,b,f)$-metric in a Rizza manifold from a Hermitian metric and a given vector field.