Microwave Sensing of Precipitation and Probing Atmospheric Pollutants for Environmental Studies

Nanda B. Adhikari,Mandira Adhikari 한국멀티미디어학회 2010 한국멀티미디어학회 국제학술대회 Vol.2010 No.-

Recent years, climate change problem attracts strong attention. Statistical variation in the mean state of weather and its variability over a certain time-span and certain area refers to the climate change in its true sense. Climate change problems have close connection to atmospheric and hydrospheric phenomena. Solid, liquid and gaseous compositions of the atmosphere interact with incoming solar and outgoing terrestrial radiations in a complex manner resulting in a variety of weather and climate. Among atmospheric compositions, water circulation in the form of gas, solid and liquid plays most important role in the weather and climate systems. Atmospheric pollutants, on the other hand, play role directly in controlling radiation budget and indirectly via cloud formation and precipitation processes. These aspects are studied and explored in this work using microwave radars and particle probing systems. Role of satellite remote sensing and the essence of ground observations for understanding these processes are also explored. And with these concerns to "fingerprint" the alarming impact of "global warming" problem namely on the "cold remote Himalayas", a dream concept of forming an in-house "IT Center for Sensing and Mining Mountain Climate Data" is proposed.

Vibration Based Structural Damage Detection Technique using Particle Swarm Optimization with Incremental Swarm Size

Nanda, Bharadwaj,Maity, Damodar,Maiti, Dipak Kumar The Korean Society for Aeronautical and Space Scie 2012 International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sc Vol.13 No.3

A simple and robust methodology is presented to determine the location and amount of crack in beam like structures based on the incremental particle swarm optimization technique. A comparison is made for assessing the performance of standard particle swarm optimization and the incremental particle swarm optimization technique for detecting crack in structural members. The objective function is formulated using the measured natural frequency of the intact structure and the frequency obtained from the finite element simulation. The outcomes of the simulated results demonstrate that the developed method is capable of detecting and estimating the extent of damages with satisfactory precision.

Development of SCAR Marker for the Detection of QTL for Resistance to Dollar Spot in Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.)

Nanda Chakraborty,심성철,Michael Casler,정근화 한국원예학회 2014 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.55 No.4

Dollar spot (caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F. T. Bennett) is the most economically important fungalturf disease on golf courses in North America. This disease is mainly controlled by using multiple fungicides. However,the causal fungus has developed resistance to seveal classes of fungicides and host resistance is an alternative controlstrategy. A creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) cultivar improved with dollar spot resistance would greatly reducethe costs and environmental impacts of fungicide applications. Our previous QTL analysis in the creeping bentgrass‘549 × 372’ population detected one QTL with a large effect for dollar spot resistance and several QTLs with smallereffects. One RAPD primer, AW10, amplified an 650-bp band in the parent ‘372’, was named 3.AW10.650. This RAPDmarker was located on linkage group 7.1 and was significantly (p < 0.0001) associated with the QTL for dollar spotresistance based on 697 progeny of the ‘549 × 372’ population. In this study, we converted the RAPD marker 3.AW10.650into a sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker, named CreepDSp.650. The SCAR marker showed asignificant association (p = 0.006) with dollar spot resistance in an additional segregating population developed at theUniversity of Illinois. We report here the first PCR-based SCAR marker associated with a major-effect QTL for dollarspot resistance in creeping bentgrass. This SCAR marker will facilitate evaluating relatively large numbers of breedingprogeny for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in bentgrasses.

Measurement of creatinine in human plasma using a functional porous polymer structure sensing motif

Nanda, Sitansu Sekhar,An, Seong Soo A,Yi, Dong Kee Dove Medical Press 2015 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE Vol.10 No.specal

<P>In this study, a new method for detecting creatinine was developed. This novel sensor comprised of two ionic liquids, poly-lactic-<I>co</I>-glycolic acid (PLGA) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIM) chloride, in the presence of 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). PLGA and BMIM chloride formed a functional porous polymer structure (FPPS)-like structure. Creatinine within the FPPS rapidly hydrolyzed and released OH<SUP>−</SUP>, which in turn converted DCFH-DA to DCFH, developing an intense green color or green fluorescence. The conversion of DCFH to DCF<SUP>+</SUP> resulted in swelling of FPPS and increased solubility. This DCF<SUP>+</SUP>-based sensor could detect creatinine levels with detection limit of 5 µM and also measure the creatinine in blood. This novel method could be used in diagnostic applications for monitoring individuals with renal dysfunction.</P>

Damage assessment from curvature mode shape using unified particle swarm optimization

Nanda, Bharadwaj,Maity, Damodar,Maiti, Dipak Kumar Techno-Press 2014 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.52 No.2

A two-step procedure to detect and quantify damages in structures from changes in curvature mode shapes is presented here. In the first step the maximum difference in curvature mode shapes of the undamaged and damaged structure are used for visual identification of the damaged internal-substructure. In the next step, the identified substructures are searched using unified particle swarm optimization technique for exact identification of damage location and amount. Efficiency of the developed procedure is demonstrated using beam like structures. This methodology may be extended for identifying damages in general frame structures.

Active control of delaminated composite shells with piezoelectric sensor/actuator patches

Nanda, Namita,Nath, Y. Techno-Press 2012 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.42 No.2

Present study deals with the development of finite element based solution methodology to investigate active control of dynamic response of delaminated composite shells with piezoelectric sensors and actuators. The formulation is based on first order shear deformation theory and an eight-noded isoparametric element is used. A coupled piezoelectric-mechanical formulation is used in the development of the constitutive equations. For modeling the delamination, multipoint constraint algorithm is incorporated in the finite element code. A simple negative feedback control algorithm coupling the direct and converse piezoelectric effects is used to actively control the dynamic response of delaminated composite shells in a closed loop employing Newmark's time integration scheme. The validity of the numerical model is demonstrated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature. A number of parametric studies such as the locations of sensor/actuator patches, delamination size and its location, radius of curvature to width ratio, shell types and loading conditions are carried out to understand their effect on the transient response of piezoceramic delaminated composite shells.

Raman spectrum of graphene with its versatile future perspectives

Nanda, S.S.,Kim, M.J.,Yeom, K.S.,An, S.S.A.,Ju, H.,Yi, D.K. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2016 Trends in analytical chemistry Vol.80 No.-

<P>Raman spectroscopy is performing as a powerful analytical technique for qualitative and quantitative analysis of graphene and graphene-related compounds. Graphene and graphene-related compounds exhibit intense Raman vibrations. Raman spectroscopic techniques for determination of several graphene layers, and the quality and type of edges, disorders, and functional groups in graphene and graphene-related compounds are of increasing importance. Herein, we review the developments and discuss the future direction and various questions relevant to Raman spectroscopic analysis of graphene and graphenerelated compounds. An update of the basic concepts underlying the Raman spectroscopy of graphene is presented and conclusions regarding this matter are provided. The biomedical and physical applications of Raman spectroscopy of graphene are evaluated. The chemical enhancement of the Raman signals and studies of these enhancements are known as Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and Tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS). Different mechanisms of achieving chemical enhancement of the Raman signal of the graphene surface and study of these enhancements through Raman spectroscopy are discussed in this critical review illustrating the growth in the use of Raman spectroscopy in graphene research. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</P>

Synthesis of polyurethane nanocomposites of functionalized carbon nanotubes by in-situ polymerization methods

Nanda Sahoo,Jae Whan Cho,Hyang Hwa So,정용채 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.I

Carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been incorporated to segmented polyurethane block copolymer (PU) to demonstrate the effect of the chemical functionalization of MWNTs on the thermal, morphological and mechanical properties of MWNT-reinforced nanocomposites. Polyurethane was synthesized in a two-step process from a reaction of 4,4$^\prime$-methylene bis(phenylisocyanate), poly($\varepsilon$-caprolactone)diol, and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane as a chain extender. The nature of the interaction between chemical groups on the PU and the MWNT surface was probed by measuring the extent of the shift in absorbing wavelength of key groups in the polymer and on the MWNT after mixing of these components. Mechanical properties of the PU-MWNT nanocomposites were assessed as a function of MWNT concentration and dispersion of MWNT in PU matrix. Scanning electron microscopy observation indicated that homogeneous dispersion of functionalized MWNTs throughout PU matrix and strong interfacial adhesion between functionalized MWNTs and the matrix were achieved in PU nanocomposites, which brought an enhancement in the mechanical properties. MWNTs improved the thermal stability of the nanocomposites, as evidenced by thermogravimetric analysis.

Nitrophenyl Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes and Its Effect on Properties of MWCNT/LCP Composites

Nanda Gopal Sahoo,Henry Kuo Feng Cheng,Hongqian Bao,Siew Hwa Chan,Lin Li,Jianhong Zhao 한국고분자학회 2011 Macromolecular Research Vol.19 No.7

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized on their sidewalls with p-nitrophenyl (C_6H_4NO_2) to make MWCNTs compatible with liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) through a specific interaction with LCP. This study examined the rheological, morphological, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and thermal properties of LCP in detail with a variation of the nitrophenyl-functionalized MWCNTs in the LCP matrix. A higher complex viscosity, storage, and loss modulus were observed in the nitrophenyl-functionalized MWCNTs/LCP composites than the composites with the same loading of raw MWCNTs. The nitrophenyl groups attached to the MWCNTs improved their dispersion and interfacial adhesion with the LCP matrix, which was confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). As a result, the incorporation of the nitrophenyl-functionalized MWCNTs effectively enhanced the mechanical and thermal stability of the LCP.

The Study on China’s Foreign Direct Investment in Nepal

Nanda Lal Tiwari 아시아사회과학학회 2021 Jornal of Asia Social Science Vol.2 No.1

Nepal is lagging far behind in economic growth compared to its immediate neighbors. Given the fact that Nepal’s present saving rate can in no way enable it to attain its target to become a middle-income country by 2030, Nepal direly needs foreign investment for development, since Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a vital role in economic growth. Presently China, one of the two neighbors of Nepal, is the second largest source of FDI in Nepal. In terms of FDI commitment, China has lately become the largest source of FDI for Nepal although the realization of the FDI is still limited. Nepal has also joined China initiated Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in the hope that Chinese FDI would flow into the country for much needed connectivity, infrastructure development that spur economic development. In this backdrop, this paper explores pertinent issues, gathers information and presents true picture about Chinese FDI in Nepal, particularly its impact on employment generation by using a simple deductive method. Establishing a clearer status and impact of Chinese FDI on Nepal, this paper also forwards suggestions for attracting more Chinese investment in the country in order to help expedite Nepal’s economic development and integration into global economy.