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The Mothers and Children’s Environmental Health (MOCEH) study
Kim, Byung-Mi,Ha, Mina,Park, Hye-Sook,Lee, Bo Eun,Kim, Young Ju,Hong, Yun-Chul,Kim, Yangho,Chang, Namsoo,Roh, Young-Man,Kim, Boong-Nnyun,Oh, Se-young,Ha, Eun-Hee Springer Netherlands 2009 European journal of epidemiology Vol.24 No.9
<P>The MOCEH study is a prospective hospital- and community-based cohort study designed to collect information related to environmental exposures (chemical, biological, nutritional, physical, and psychosocial) during pregnancy and childhood and to examine how exposure to environmental pollutants affects growth, development, and disease. The MOCEH network includes one coordinating center, four local centers responsible for recruiting pregnant women, and four evaluation centers (a nutrition center, bio-repository center, neurocognitive development center, and environment assessment center). At the local centers, trained nurses interview the participants to gather information regarding their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, complications related to the current gestation period, health behaviors and environmental factors. These centers also collect samples of blood, placenta, urine, and breast milk. Environmental hygienists measure each participant’s level of exposure to indoor and outdoor pollutants during the pre- and postnatal periods. The participants are followed up through delivery and until the child is 5 years of age. The MOCEH study plans to recruit 1,500 pregnant women between 2006 and 2010 and to perform follow-up studies on their children. We expect this study to provide evidence to support the hypothesis that the gestational environment has an effect on the development of diseases during adulthood. We also expect the study results to enable evaluation of latency and age-specific susceptibility to exposure to hazardous environmental pollutants, evaluation of growth retardation focused on environmental and genetic risk factors, selection of target environmental diseases in children, development of an environmental health index, and establishment of a national policy for improving the health of pregnant women and their children.</P>
Folate nutrition is related to neuropsychological functions in the elderly
Namsoo Chang,EunJung Kim,Ki Nam Kim,Hyesook Kim,Seong Yoon Kim,Bum Seok Jeong 대한지역사회영양학회 2009 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.3 No.1
We investigated the nutritional state of B vitamins and the neuropsychological functions in 25 subjects, aged 63.1 ± 6.3 years, residing in rural areas of Korea. Nutritional states of thiamin, riboflavin, and pyridoxine were assessed enzymatically in the erythrocytes, and folate concentrations were measured microbiologically in the plasma and erythrocytes. A battery of composite neuropsychological test was administered to the subjects. Plasma folate was correlated with the total intelligence score (p=0.049). Folate levels in the erythrocytes were correlated with the performance intelligence scores such as block design (p=0.017) and picture arrangement (p=0.016). The red cell folate was correlated with memory scores such as general memory (p=0.009) and delayed recall (p=0.000). Although it did not reach statistical significance, verbal memory (p=0.053) was highly correlated with the red cell folate. The red cell folate was also correlated positively with the percent of conceptual level response number score (p=0.029), and negatively with the grooved pegboard test score for the non-dominant hand (p=0.010). Fine motor coordination was also influenced by folate nutrition, as finger tapping scores in both hands were significantly correlated with red cell folate (dominant hand; p=0.026, non-dominant hand; p=0.004). Other B vitamins such as thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin B6 were not as strongly correlated with neuropsychological function test scores as folate was. These results suggest that folate nutrition influences neuropsychological function test scores significantly in humans. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between folate or other vitamin B nutrition and neuropsychological functions and the implications thereof.
Glass Slide-based Immunosensing for C-Reactive Protein Using Quantum Dot-Antibody Conjugate
Namsoo Kim,Sun Mi Oh,Chong-Tai Kim,Yong Jin Cho 한국산업식품공학회 2010 산업 식품공학 Vol.14 No.1
C-Reactive protein (CRP), which is an 118 kDa pentameric protein, was secreted by the liver is an important biomarker for coronary disease, hypertension and inflammation. In this study, a method for CRP detection exploiting quantum dot (Qdot)-antibody conjugate was developed according to an indirect-competitive immunosensing protocol. For this purpose, a streptavidin-bound Qdot605 was linked with a separately prepared biotinylated monoclonal antirat CRP antibody to produce a Qdot-antibody conjugate. The immunosensing was performed at 0.1 and 20 nM of the coating antigen and conjugate, respectively. The current method was found very sensitive in CRP detection, judging from the concentration-dependent fluorescence emission.
노인의 혈중 호모시스테인, 엽산, 비타민 B12 수준 및 영양소 섭취 상태와 신경인지기능과의 관련성
김희정(Kim Hee Jung),김혜숙(Kim Hyesook),김기남(Kim Ki Nam),김꽃핀(Kim Ggotpin),손정인(Son Jung In),김성윤(Kim Seong Yoon),장남수(Chang Namsoo) 韓國營養學會 2011 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.44 No.6
This study examined the relationship among plasma homocysteine, folate, and vitamin B12 levels and neurocognitive function in 118 community-dwelling elderly subjects (mean age, 75.1 ± 6.7 years). The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-KC) was used to screen and assess neurocognitive function in the participants. Dietary intake data including the use of dietary supplements were obtained using the 24-hour recall method by well-trained interviewers. Plasma folate and vitamin B12 concentrations were analyzed by radioimmunoassay, and homocysteine was assessed by a high performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence method. The proportions of participants with suboptimal levels of plasma folate (< 3 ng/mL), vitamin B12 (< 221 pmol/mL), and homocysteine ( > 15 μmol/L) were 16.1%, 5.9%, and 21.2%, respectively. A multiple regression analysis showed that plasma homocysteine was negatively associated with plasma folate and vitamin B12 levels. The MMSE-KC test scores were significantly associated with plasma homocysteine and folate, but not with vitamin B12, after adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, living with spouse, education, current smoking, energy intake, and chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, thyroid disease, dyslipidemia, stroke, and cardiovascular disease. A general linear model adjusted for covariates revealed that MMSE-KC test scores increased from the lowest to the highest quartiles of vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and vitamin C intake (p for trend = 0.012, 0.039, 0.014, 0.046, 0.026, respectively). These results indicate that the problem of folate inadequacy and hyperhomocysteinemia are highly prevalent among community-dwelling elderly people and that dietary intake of the B vitamins and vitamin C is positively associated with cognitive function scores. (Korean J Nutr 2011; 44(6): 498~506)
Neurodevelopment in Early Childhood Affected by Prenatal Lead Exposure and Iron Intake
Shah-Kulkarni, Surabhi,Ha, Mina,Kim, Byung-Mi,Kim, Eunjeong,Hong, Yun-Chul,Park, Hyesook,Kim, Yangho,Kim, Bung-Nyun,Chang, Namsoo,Oh, Se-Young,Kim, Young Ju,Lee, Boeun,Ha, Eun-Hee Wolters Kluwer Health 2016 Medicine Vol.95 No.4
<▼1><P>Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>No safe threshold level of lead exposure in children has been recognized. Also, the information on shielding effect of maternal dietary iron intake during pregnancy on the adverse effects of prenatal lead exposure on children's postnatal neurocognitive development is very limited. We examined the association of prenatal lead exposure and neurodevelopment in children at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months and the protective action of maternal dietary iron intake against the impact of lead exposure.</P><P>The study participants comprise 965 pregnant women and their subsequent offspring of the total participants enrolled in the Mothers and Children's environmental health study: a prospective birth cohort study. Generalized linear model and linear mixed model analysis were performed to analyze the effect of prenatal lead exposure and mother's dietary iron intake on children's cognitive development at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months.</P><P>Maternal late pregnancy lead was marginally associated with deficits in mental development index (MDI) of children at 6 months. Mothers having less than 75th percentile of dietary iron intake during pregnancy showed significant increase in the harmful effect of late pregnancy lead exposure on MDI at 6 months. Linear mixed model analyses showed the significant detrimental effect of prenatal lead exposure in late pregnancy on cognitive development up to 36 months in children of mothers having less dietary iron intake during pregnancy.</P><P>Thus, our findings imply importance to reduce prenatal lead exposure and have adequate iron intake for better neurodevelopment in children.</P></▼2>
Namsoo Chang,Ji A Jung,Hyesook Kim,Ara Jo,Sujeong Kang,Si-Won Lee,Hyunju Yi,Jihee Kim,Jong-Gap Yim,Byung-Moon Jung 대한지역사회영양학회 2015 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.5 No.6
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Breast milk is the best available food for optimum growth and development of infants and the breastfeeding rate is increasing in Korea. The purpose of this study is to measure the concentrations of macronutrients and to evaluate their changes according to lactation period in breast milk from lactating Korean women. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Milk samples were obtained from 2,632 healthy lactating women (mean age; 32.0 ± 3.3 years), where the lactating period was up to a period of 8 months, who also volunteered to participate in the Human Milk Macronutrient Analysis Research. Lactose, protein, fat and water content in the breast milk samples were analyzed with infrared spectrometry using MilkoScan FT-2. RESULTS: The mean macronutrient composition per 100 mL of mature breast milk was 7.1 g for lactose, 1.4 g for protein and 3.0 g for fat, and energy content was 61.1 kcal. The protein concentration was significantly lower in milk samples at 1-2 weeks (2.0 g/dL) to 2-3 months (1.4 g/dL) than those at 0-1 week (2.2 g/dL), but it was similar among samples from 3-4 months to 7-8 months (1.3 g/dL). Mean lipid levels varied among different lactational period groups (2.7-3.2 g/dL), but presented no significant difference. Lactose concentration in the milk samples did not differ with lactation period. Maternal body mass index was positively related to protein and lipid breast milk contents, but was negatively related to lactose content. General linear models examining the associations between maternal variables and milk macronutrient content revealed that lactation period had a major impact on protein and lipid, but not on lactose content in breast milk. CONCLUSIONS: These results warrant future studies to explore factors that may be associated with changes in macronutrient content in human milk.
Determination of Diffusion and Perfusion by NMR Bipolar Gradients Pulse Technique
Kim, Namsoo,Baek, Changhyun,Shin, Yongjin,You, Sangha,Hong, Kwangjoon,Ryang, Kyungseung,Lee, Sangyoul,Cahill, Patrick T CHOSUN UNIVERSITY 1997 Basic Science and Engineering Vol.1 No.1
In Biologic tissues, intravoxel imcoherent motion(IVIM) include molecular diffusion of water, microcirculation of blood in the capillary network (perfusion), an nonuniform slow flow, such as cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) flow. Molecular diffusion is dependent an the physical properties of tissue, and microcirculation of blood or perfusion can also be considered an incoherent motion due to the pseudorandom organization of the capillary network at the voxel level. Perfusion imaging has the potential of characterizing tissues by their perfusion patterns, but also provides information as tissue function. IVIMs are quantified in each voxel on the basis of an apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC). Measure directly and individually both tissue diffusion and perfusion by use of a bipolar gradient pulse technique into NMR spin echo sequence. The diffusion coefficient(D) for water and acetone were 2.10 (x10-³mm²/sec) and 5.06(x10-³mm²/sec), respectively. The perfusion factor was linearly incremental for stepwise increases in flow velocities. A specially fabricated random flow phantom is used to support the validity of this theory.