Bibliographic Check list of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) ver. 2010

NamKung, Joon,Yoo, Jung-Sun,Lee, Sue-Yeon,Lee, Joon-Ho,Paek, Woon-Kee,Kim, Seung-Tae national science museum of korea 2009 Journal of Korean nature Vol.2 No.3

A bibliographic checklist of Korean spiders from the 1956 checklist by Paik and Kim is presented, with a complete bibliography of the relevant Korean araneological literature. For the period of 1907-2009, a total of 507 publications on the spiders were extensively searched and records of taxonomic descriptions were included. Records are listed only from the locations within the present borders of South Korea. A total of 681 species of 258 genera belonging to 46 families were confirmed to exist in Korea. Twenty species, namely Pholcus pojeonensis, Pholcus kwangkyosanensis, Pholcus parkyeonensis, Dysdera crocata, Miagrammopes coreensis, Parasteatoda culicivora, Spheropistha melanosoma, Bathyphantes major, Araneus viperifer, Larinia onoi, Neoscona holmi, Pardosa isago, Pardosa monticola, Trochosa spinipalpis, Anahita samplexa, Cheiracanthium lascivum, Cheiracanthium eutittha, Clubiona japonica, Rhene myunghwani, and Sitticus sinensis, whose distribution or existence within the Korean border were uncertain and did not meet the requirements for valid records were excluded from the present list following critical validation. Sixteen species, namely, Clubiona bakurovi, Clubiona corrugata, Clubiona hummeli, Clubiona komissarovi, Clubiona kulczynskii, Clubiona microsapporensis, Clubiona orientalis, Clubiona paralena, Clubiona propinqua, Clubiona proszynskii, Clubiona sapporensis, Mendoza nobilis, Pseudicius koreanus, Sibianor nigriculus, Sitticus penicilloides, and Yllenus coreanus, which have been described or reported to exist in North Korea were listed separately from the present list. From the zoogeographical distribution, Korean spider fauna was found to be influenced by northern species, including 35 Holarctic and 67 Palearctic species, which account for 14.9% of the total number of species. Korean endemic species include 131 species, which account for 19.2% of the total number. Among neighboring countries, Korean spiders are most similar to those found in Japan. This list (ver. 2010) will be revised periodically after this version.

Multilateral approaches for investigation of particle stickiness of coal ash at low temperature fouling conditions

Namkung, Hueon,Kim, Hyung-Taek,Wang, Fuchen,Lin, Kuangfei,Yu, Guangsuo Springer-Verlag 2017 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.34 No.12

<P>Particle stickiness is a key parameter for increasing ash deposition in gasification process. We conducted multilateral investigations to evaluate particle stickiness of coal ash at low temperature fouling conditions through Watt and Fereday's viscosity model, dilatometry (DIL) and laser flash apparatus (LFA) technique. Seventeen coals were employed for ash deposition experiments under gasification condition through drop tube furnace (DTF). The low viscosity not only led to increasing ash deposition behavior, but also increasing the particle size of deposited ash. From DIL analysis, the ash sintering behavior increased with increasing temperature due to increase of particle stickiness. The high amount of Fe2O3, CaO and MgO components resulted in low sintering temperature and high reduction of physical length. Through LFA analysis, the thermal conductivity increased with increasing temperature, because of increasing particle stickiness. In addition, its value was correlated with the propensity of common fouling indices.</P>

Identification of gene-gene interactions in the presence of missing data using the multifactor dimensionality reduction method

Namkung, Junghyun,Elston, Robert C.,Yang, Jun-Mo,Park, Taesung Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2009 Genetic epidemiology Vol.33 No.7

<P>Gene-gene interaction is believed to play an important role in understanding complex traits. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) was proposed by Ritchie et al. [2001. Am J Hum Genet 69:138–147] to identify multiple loci that simultaneously affect disease susceptibility. Although the MDR method has been widely used to detect gene-gene interactions, few studies have been reported on MDR analysis when there are missing data. Currently, there are four approaches available in MDR analysis to handle missing data. The first approach uses only complete observations that have no missing data, which can cause a severe loss of data. The second approach is to treat missing values as an additional genotype category, but interpretation of the results may then be not clear and the conclusions may be misleading. Furthermore, it performs poorly when the missing rates are unbalanced between the case and control groups. The third approach is a simple imputation method that imputes missing genotypes as the most frequent genotype, which may also produce biased results. The fourth approach, Available, uses all data available for the given loci to increase power. In any real data analysis, it is not clear which MDR approach one should use when there are missing data. In this article, we consider a new EM Impute approach to handle missing data more appropriately. Through simulation studies, we compared the performance of the proposed EM Impute approach with the current approaches. Our results showed that Available and EM Impute approaches perform better than the three other current approaches in terms of power and precision. Genet. Epidemiol. 33:646–656, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>

Who Buys Our Brand? The Influence of Consumption Values and the Congruity with Brand Benefits on Brand Identification, Trust and Loyalty

Namkung, Sol,Park, Seong-Yeon Korean Marketing Association 2021 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.22 No.4

This paper explores how the positive effect achieved when consumption value matches brand benefit can increase brand loyalty. Prior research on consumption value mainly focused on perceived value; these studies omit consumers' views of consumption value. Therefore, this study examines the effect of congruence between consumption values (functional, emotional, social, and ethical value) and perceived brand benefits (enabling, enticing, symbolic, and socially responsible benefits) on consumers' brand identification, trust, and loyalty. We find a positive effect on brand identification and brand trust when a consumer's value is similar to a brand benefit, particularly between functional value and enabling benefit, and ethical value and socially responsible benefit. However, congruence between consumption value and perceived brand benefit only had an indirect effect on brand loyalty by mediating brand identification and trust. This study provides a basis for implementing a marketing strategy to build brand assets and increase brand loyalty by providing consumers with the value they want in a diversified market.

Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton at the Eutrophic down Reach of a Regulated River (the Han River, Korea)

Namkung, Hyun,Hwang, Gil Son,Kim, Bom Chul,Kim, Kap Soo 한국육수학회 2001 생태와 환경 Vol.34 No.4

수도권의 중심부를 가로지르는 한강의 하류수역은 조수의 영향을 받을 수 있는 하구의 상단부에 위치해 있다. 한강 하류수역은 한강 종합개발사업의 일환으로 이루어진 준설과 수중보 건설에 의해서 강물이 정체되었으며, 또한 지천으로부터 유입되는 많은 오염물질에 의해서 식물플랑크톤의 대량 발생을 촉진할 수 있는 환경으로 변화되었다. 본 연구에서는 부영양한 한강 하류수역에서 식물플랑크톤의 1차생산을 측정하였으며, 더불어 내부생성유기물과 외부기원유기물을 산정하였다. 1차생산력은 C-14 uptake법과 P-I 모델법으로 측정하였다. 1차생산력의 범위는 140∼4,890 mgC m^-2 day^-1(중앙값 1,865 mgC m^-2 day^-1)이었으며, 국내의 부영양한 호수와 유사한 수준이었다. 식물플랑크톤의 생물량 변동은 봄철에 최대치를 보였으며, 유량의 변화와 관련이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 외부기원유기물은 여름철 홍수기를 제외한 연중 내내 지천을 통하여 유입되는 오염물질에 의해서 좌우되었다. 총 유기물 부하량에 대하여 식물플랑크톤의 1차생산이 차지하는 기여도는 40.9%로서, 유수 생태계로서는 높은 수준이었다. The downstream reach of the Han River adjoining Seoul in Korea was the upper boundary of an estuary where tidal effect on the flow rate could be exerted. According to the comprehensive river regulation project, the river was channelized and impounded by two overflow dams, which provided favorable condition for algal growth in this sewage polluted eutrophic reach. In this study primary productivity of phytoplankton was measured in the down reach and the autochthonous and allochthonous organic carbon loadings were estimated. Primary production of phytoplankton measured by C-14 uptake and P-I model method ranged from 140 to 4,890 mgC m^-2 d^-1 (median value 1,865 mgC m^-2 d^-1) showing the level of eutrophic lakes. Phytoplankton density that varied according to water flow rate was highest in spring. Allochthonous organic carbon loading was dominated by sewage input through tributaries in most of days except flood flow period. The average proportion of autochthonous carbon generation by phytoplankton was 40.9%, which is very high proportion for a lotic habitat.

Prediction of coal fouling using an alternative index under the gasification condition

Namkung, H.,Xu, L.H.,Kang, T.J.,Kim, D.S.,Kwon, H.B.,Kim, H.T. Applied Science Publishers 2013 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.102 No.-

Coal gasification was carried out in order to verify the coal fouling tendency in the drop tube furnace (DTF), which can simulate an entrained-bed gasifier. Thirteen pulverized coal samples, in the range of bituminous and sub-bituminous, were utilized, and compared, with predictions using a wide range of empirical indices. Large discrepancies were noted in most cases, with respect to experimental results, ash deposition rates, and different indices. Some indices used for anticipating fouling tendency are not co-related with the results of this experiment. A newly approached index, which is especially important considering the diffusivity parameter, looks at the ratio of acid and alkali mineral matters injected into gasifier and heat flux, indicates that traditional expressions are modified to account for other parameters which influence the ash deposition phenomenon. The alternative index resulted in improved correlations between predictions and experimental observations.

New evaluation measures for multifactor dimensionality reduction classifiers in gene-gene interaction analysis.

Namkung, Junghyun,Kim, Kyunga,Yi, Sungon,Chung, Wonil,Kwon, Min-Seok,Park, Taesung Oxford University Press 2009 Bioinformatics Vol.25 No.3

<P>Gene-gene interactions are important contributors to complex biological traits. Multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) is a method to analyze gene-gene interactions and has been applied to many genetics studies of complex diseases. In order to identify the best interaction model associated with disease susceptibility, MDR classifiers corresponding to interaction models has been constructed and evaluated as a predictor of disease status via a certain measure such as balanced accuracy (BA). It has been shown that the performance of MDR tends to depend on the choice of the evaluation measures.</P>

Regulation and Expression of α-Glycerol-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase(GPDH)in Drosophila melanogaster

Namkung, Yong,Kim, Se Jae,Lee, Chung Choo,Kim, Kyungjin 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1991 基礎科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

노랑초파리의 α-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GPDH)의 발생단계 및 조직특이적 발현에 대한 발생유전학적 조절 양상을 연구하였다. 노랑초파리의 GPDH는 주로 흉부와 복부에서 각각 활성을 보이는 GPDH-1과 GPDH-3 의 두가지 동위효소로 이루어져 있는데, 성충에서 총 GPDH활성의 62%는 흉부에서 나타내며 복부에서는 총 GPDH활성의 약 32%를 보였다. 그러나 두 조직에서 GPDH의 상대적인 합성량은 서로 비슷하며 GPDH-3가 GPDH-1보다 훨씬 빨리 turnover됨을 암시하였다. 순수분리한 GPDH-1 으로 항혈청을 만든 후 두 동위효소의 면역학적인 동질성을 조사한 결과, 두 효소의 구조적인 차이는 매우 근소하였다. GPDH 동위효소의 기원을 규명하기 위해서 유충과 성체 조직으로 immunoblotting 과 in vitro translation을 수행한 바, 단백질 수준에서 GPDH-1의 단일체는 GPDH-3 의 단일체보다 분자량이 다소 큰 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 유충과 성체에서 추출한 RNA로 합성한 translation산물을 분석한 결과, 분자량이 동일한 하나의 band만 검출되는 것으로 보아 GPDH-3 는 GPDH-1에서 post translational modification 에 의해 생성되는 것으로 사료되었다. Several parameters of α-glycerol-3-pholphate dehydrogenase(GPDH)such as activity, content and translatable mRNA levels were measured to elucidate mechanism underlying developmental and tissue specific regulation of GPDH activity in Drosophila melanogaster. In adult segments, most of total GPDH activity(62%)was detected in thorax where GPDH-1 resided, while 32% of total GPDH activity was only detected in abdomen where GPDH-3 resided. The relative synthesis of GPDH was, however, similar in both tissues, although 58% of total GPDH was synthesis in abdomen. These results strongly suggest that the turnover rate of the abdominal enzyme(GPDH-3)was much more rapid than that of thoracic enzymes(GPDH-1). In vitro translation and immunoblotting experiments also indicate that GPDH-3 was arised by posttranslational modification from a single polypeptide(GPDH-1)

Expression of alkA and ada Genes Involved in Adaptive Response

Namkung, Rock,Choe, Soo Y,Lee, Hee W,Park, Sang D 한국유전학회 1988 Genes & Genomics Vol.10 No.4

The regulation of the gene expression was investigated using the cloned alkA and ada genes. The alkA and ada promoters were fused with lac Z structural region without frame shift in reading frame by in vitro gene fusion technique. The induced β-galactosidase activities were examined. The activities of β-galactosidase expressed from the fused genes were highly induced when treated with methylating agents, but the nonalkylating agents did not induce the β-galactosidase activities. The inducible pattern did not observe in PJ 1 cells even after treatment with the methylating agents. These results indicate that the alkA and ada gene would not be expressed in the absence of Ada protein.

Revision of the Fauna of Korean Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae)

Namkung, Joon,Kim, Seung-Tae,Lee, Joon-Ho 한국응용곤충학회 2000 Insecta Koreana Vol.17 No.4

A list of Korean spiders was revised, including 46 families 225 genera 622 species which were reported by December 1999. Of these 61 added species and 37 alterated scientific names were supplemented, and 3 species, which have been reported since June 1994, were newly synonymized. The spider fauna of Korea is composed of 12 Cosmopolitan, 34 Holarctic, 66 Palearctic and 136 Korean endemic species. The spider fauna of Korea has much more similarity with Japanese spider fauna than with those of other countries.