AVHRR Remote Sensing of Aerosol Microphysics in Global Scale

Higurashi, Akiko,Nakajima, Teruyuki 대한원격탐사학회 1996 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.12 No.1

Satellite remote sensing of microphysical parameters of atmospheric aerosols starts drawing attention of climate community after findings of large global climate effects of aerosols (Charlson et al., 1992) and ship track trail clouds (Coakley et al., 1987). In this situation, there has been considerable effort for developing adequate remote sensing techniques of related aerosol parameters (e.g., Kaufman and Nakajima, 1993; Nakajima and Higurashi, 1996). In this paper, we study a design of retrieval scheme of microphysical parameters of aerosols from multichannel satellite imagers, such as NOAA/AVHRR, ADEOS/ OCTS and ADEOSII/GLI. In this scheme, the optical thickness and effective particle radius of aerosol can be inverted accura~ely from multi-channel analyses of radiances by an efficient look-up table algorithm (Higurashi and Nakajima, 1996; Nakajima et al., 1996) and an iterative inversion algorithm. We have applied our scheme to AVHRR radiance data to produce global map of aerosol microphysical parameters.

A Nationwide Study on Optical Analysis for Expecting HEOs to Support Ambulances

Nakajima, Isao,Tsuda, Kazuhide,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa,Nakajima, Atsushi Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.2

This paper deals with actual optical data from rural as well as urban areas in a nationwide study captured with Fisheye cameras. Simultaneously data was collected (of the receiving power density) from the mobile communications satellite N-STAR. The visibility of the satellite is easily determined by checking the value of the pixels in the binarized fisheye image of its position. The process of determining the visible satellite is automatically performed. Based on the analyses of the field data measured in Japan, we are expecting HEOs (Highly inclined Elliptical Orbiters) that would reduce blockage in the extreme northern region of Wakkanai City well as in the most crowded urban area, in Tokyo Ginza. In case of HEOs operation, the elevation angle will improve from 37 with N-STAR GEO to 75 degrees. HEOs could replace 5G/Ka-band or support in rural areas where broadband circuit is not available. We are proposing combination operations with HEOs and 5G/Ka-band to solve blockage problems, because HEOs can keep line-of-sight propagation with high elevation angle for long duration. In such operations, the communications profile on the vehicle based on actual optical data will be very useful to predict blockages and to select/switch a suitable circuit.

Looking Back over a Decade "Final Decision Call after the Accidents of the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant"

Nakajima, Isao,Kurokawa, Kiyoshi Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

The author Nakajima was involved in the field of disaster communications and emergency medical care as guest research scientist at the Fukushima Nuclear Accident Independent Investigation Commission established by the National Diet of Japan and reviewer of the Commission's report, and Kurokawa was the chairman of this Commission. Looking back over a decade, we are on the liability issue of bureaucrats and telecom operators, so it's becoming clear what was hidden at the time. The battery of NTT DoCoMo's mobile phone repeaters had a capacity of only about 24 hours, and communication failures increased after one day. The Government also failed to issue an announcement of "Vent from reactor" under the Telecommunications Act Article No. 129. This mistake lost the opportunity to use the third-party telecommunications (e.g. taxi radios). Furthermore, as a result of LASCOM (telecommunications satellite network for local governments via GEO) and a variety of unexpected communication failures, the evacuation order "Escape!" could not be notified to the general public well. As a result, the general public was exposed to unnecessary radiation exposure. Such bureaucratic slow action in emergencies is common in the response to the 2020 coronavirus.

Detecting of Periodic Fasciculations of Avian Muscles Using Magnetic and Other Multimedia Devices

Isao Nakajima,Sachie Tanaka,Kokuryo Mitsuhashi,Jun-ichi Hata,Tomo Nakajima 한국멀티미디어학회 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.4

In the past, there was a theory that influenza wasn’t transmitted directly from birds but was infected to humans via swains. Recently, molecular level research has progressed, and it was confirmed that the avian influenza virus can directly infected to human lung and intestinal epithelial cells. Three pandemics in the past 100 years were also infected to humans directly from birds. In view of such scientific background, we are developing a method for screening sick birds by monitoring the physiological characteristics of birds in a contactless manner with sensors. Here, the movement of respiratory muscles and abdominal muscles under autonomic innervation was monitored using a magnet and Hall sensor sewn on the thoracic wall, and other multimedia devices. This paper presents and discusses the results of experiments involving continuous periodic noise discovered during flight experiments with a data logger mounted on a Japanese pheasant from 2012 to 2015. A brief summary is given as the below: 1. Magnet and Hall sensor sewn to the left and right chest walls, bipolar electrocardiograms between the thoracic walls, posterior thoracic air sac pressure, angular velocity sensors sewn on the back and hips, and optical reflection of LEDs (blue and green) from the skin of the hips allow observation of periodic vibrations(fasciculations) in the waves. No such analysis has been reported before. 2. These fasciculations are presumed to be derived from muscle to maintain and control air sac pressure. 3. Since each muscle fiber is spatially Gaussian distributed from the sympathetic nerve, the envelope is assumed to plot a Gaussian curve. 4. Since avian trunk muscles contract periodically at all time, we assume that the sympathetic nerve dominates in their control. 5. The technique of sewing a magnet to the thoracic wall and measuring the strength of the magnetic field with a Hall sensor can be applied to screen for early stage of avian influenza, with a sensor attached to the chicken enclosure.

THALLIUM-201 PER-RECTAL SCINTIGRAPHY FOR EVALUATING PORTAL CIRCULATION AFTER TREATMENT

Nakajima, Kenichi,Tonami, Norihisa,Watanabe, Naoto,Yokoyama, Kunihiko,Seto, Mikito,Seki, Hiroyasu,Takayama, Teruhiko,Koizumi, Kiyoshi,Kanai, Kinichi Hisada Masanobu,Hinoue, Yoshinobu,Kobayashi, Yashir 대한핵의학회 1984 핵의학 분자영상 Vol.18 No.1

Innovative Advanced Technology through University-Industry Collaboration: Role of Venture Capitals, Entrepreneurs and Process Management in Japan

Nakajima, Yoji,Miyashita, Shuto,Sengoku, Shintaro Asian Society for Innovation and Policy 2018 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.7 No.3

The creation of academic start-up firms is an important and practical issue in the management of technology in Japan. The present study designs a model for creating academic start-up firms that fits into the social context. It focuses on the case of FIRST Program, an initiative that consists of 30 projects in innovative arenas, analyses the presence of large-scale public funding, and investigates the role of venture capitalists as support personnel in each project. As a result, the presence and significance of 'long-term escort' by an 'entrepreneurial venture capitalist (EP-VCist)' were confirmed as common features across the cases observed. EP-VCist refers to a person who can maintain and fulfil dual roles at a university and a venture capital firm, and who can take the lead throughout the venturing process as a risk taker. 'Long-term escort' is a form of support that reduces risks in the venturing process by supporting university researchers in the pre-entrepreneurial stage and by exerting a robust bridging role between a university and an industry.

Developing a Scanner for Assessing Foliage Moisture

Nakajima, Isao,Ohyama, Futoshi,Juzoji, Hiroshi,Ta, Masuhisa Korea Multimedia Society 2019 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.6 No.3

We intended to confirm that microwave attenuation by tree leaves is strongly linked to water content in leaves. We sampled natural broadleaves, including Japanese cinnamon, and investigated their effects on the microwave (3 to 20 GHz) frequency characteristics using a network analyzer. Experiments determined that microwave attenuation by foliage increases as a linear function of frequency per unit weight (gram). As the frequency increases, the spatial resolution increases, but the phase difference (imaginary component) increases. So we solved the dispersion of phase difference by sweeping the frequency and taking the intermediate value. Based on these experimental results, we developed a microwave scanner on 10Ghz to describe foliage moisture as a image and to enable assessments of leaf condition. Photosynthesis is the process whereby plants synthesize oxygen and sugars from carbon dioxide and water, thereby converting light energy into chemical energy. Since water is a major parameter of photosynthesis, the quantity of water accumulated inside a leaf reflects leaf health. The equipment described here and related microwave technologies will help assess the capacity of leaves to absorb atmospheric carbon dioxide.

Phase diagrams adn stable structures of stranski-krastanov structure mode for III-V ternary quantum dots

Nakajima, Kazuo,Ujihara, Toru,Miyashita, Satoru,Sazaki, Gen The Korea Association of Crystal Growth 1999 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.9 No.4

The strain, surface and interfacial energies of III-V ternary systems were calculated for three kinds of structure modes: the Frank-van der Merwe(FM) mode, the Stanski-Krastanov(SK) mode and the Volmer-Weber(VW) mode. The free energy for each mode was estimated as functions of thickness and composition or lattice misfit. Through comparison of the free energy of each mode, it was found that the thickness-composition phase diagrams of III-V ternary systems can be determined only by considering the balance of the free energy and three kinds of structure modes appear in the phase diagrams. The SK mode appears only when the lattice misfit is large and/or the lattice layer is thick. The most stable structure of the SK mode is a cluster with four lattice layers or minimum thickness on a wetting layer of increasing lattice layers. The VW mode appears when the lattice misfit is large and the lattice layer is thin and only in the INPSb/InP and GaPSb/GaP system which have the largest lattice misfit of III-V ternary systems. The stable region of the SK mode in the GaPSb/GaP and InPSb/InP phase diagrams is largest of all because the composition dependence of the strain energy of these systems is stronger than that of the other systems. The critical number of lattice layers below which two-dimensional(2D) layers precede the three-dimensional(3D) nucleation in the SK mode at x=1.0 depends on the lattice misfit.

Basic Physiological Research on the Wing Flapping of the Sweet Potato Hawkmoth Using Multimedia

Nakajima, Isao,Yagi, Yukako Korea Multimedia Society 2020 The journal of multimedia information system Vol.7 No.2

We have developed a device for recording biological data by inserting three electrodes and a needle with an angular velocity sensor into the moth for the purpose of measuring the electromyogram of the flapping and the corresponding lift force. With this measurement, it is possible to evaluate the moth-physiological function of moths, and the amount of pesticides that insects are exposed to (currently LD50-based standards), especially the amount of chronic low-concentration exposure, can be reduced the dose. We measured and recorded 2-channel electromyography (EMG) and angular velocity corresponding to pitch angle (pitch-like angle) associated with wing flapping for 100 sweet potato hawkmoths (50 females and 50 males) with the animals suspended and constrained in air. Overall, the angular velocity and amplitude of EMG signals demonstrated high correlation, with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.792. In contrast, the results of analysis performed on the peak-to-peak (PP) EMG intervals, which correspond to the RR intervals of ECG signals, indicated a correlation between ΔF fluctuation and angular velocity of R = 0.379. Thus, the accuracy of the regression curve was relatively poor. Using a DC amplification circuit without capacitive coupling as the EMG amplification circuit, we confirmed that the baseline changes at the gear change point of wing flapping. The following formula gives the lift provided by the wing: angular velocity × thoracic weight - air resistance - (eddy resistance due to turbulence). In future studies, we plan to attach a micro radio transmitter to the moths to gather data on potential energy, kinetic energy, and displacement during free flight for analysis. Such physiological functional evaluations of moths may alleviate damage to insect health due to repeated exposure to multiple agrochemicals and may lead to significant changes in the toxicity standards, which are currently based on LD50 values.

Mapping of excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials of neuronal populations in hippocampal slices using the GEVI, ArcLight

Nakajima, Ryuichi,Baker, Bradley J IOP 2018 Journal of physics. D, applied physics Vol.51 No.50

<P>To understand the circuitry of the brain, it is essential to clarify the functional connectivity among distinct neuronal populations. For this purpose, neuronal activity imaging using genetically-encoded calcium sensors such as GCaMP has been a powerful approach due to its cell-type specificity. However, calcium (Ca<SUP>2+</SUP>) is an indirect measure of neuronal activity. A more direct approach would be to use genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) to observe subthreshold, synaptic activities. The GEVI, ArcLight, which exhibits large fluorescence transients in response to voltage, was expressed in excitatory neurons of the mouse CA1 hippocampus. Fluorescent signals in response to the electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collateral axons were observed in brain slice preparations. ArcLight was able to map both excitatory and inhibitory inputs projected to excitatory neurons. In contrast, the Ca<SUP>2+</SUP> signal detected by GCaMP6f, was only associated with excitatory inputs. ArcLight and similar voltage sensing probes are also becoming powerful paradigms for functional connectivity mapping of brain circuitry.</P>