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Bukke, Ravindra Naik,Avis, Christophe,Naik, Mude Narendra,Jang, Jin IEEE 2018 IEEE electron device letters Vol.39 No.3
<P>We report the effect of purification of ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> precursor on the performance of solution processed amorphous indium–zinc–tin oxide thin-film transistors with a ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> gate insulator, which is processed at the maximum temperature of 300 °C in air. By purification, the saturation mobility ( <TEX>$\mu _{\textit {sat}}$</TEX>) increases from 2.45 ± 0.83 to 15.42 ± 4.01 cm<SUP>2</SUP>V<SUP>−1</SUP>s<SUP>−1</SUP>, subthreshold swing decreases from 141.44 ± 14.08 to 87.90 ± 11.05 mV/decade and drain current ON/OFF ratio increases from ~10<SUP>7</SUP> to ~10<SUP>9</SUP>. The leakage currents are remarkably reduced by using purified ZrO<SUB>x</SUB> as a gate insulator. The improvement is mainly due to the reduced impurities and less oxygen vacancies in ZrO<SUB>x</SUB>.</P>
Effect of grain refinement on the performance of AZ80 Mg alloys during wear and corrosion
Naik, Gajanan M,Gote, Gopal D.,Narendranath, S,Kumar, S.S. Satheesh Techno-Press 2018 Advances in materials research Vol.7 No.2
Magnesium and its alloys are attracted towards all engineering applications like automotive, marine, aerospace etc. due to its inherent high strength to weight ratio. But, extensive use of Mg alloys is limited to the current scenario because of low wear and corrosion resistance behavior. However, equal channel angular press is one of the severe plastic deformation technique which has been effective method to improve the wear and corrosion resistance by achieving fine grain structure. In this study, the effect of grain refinement on wear and corrosion resistance of AZ80 Mg alloys were investigated. The wear behavior of the coarse and fine-grained Mg alloys was examined through $L_9$ orthogonal array experiments in order to comprehend the wear behavior under varies control parameters. It was shown that ECAPed alloy increased the wear and corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy through the formation of fine grain and uniform distribution of secondary ${\beta}-phase$. Also, the performance of AZ80 Mg alloy for these changeswas discussed through SEM morphology.
Naik, P.K.,Mehra, Usha R.,Kalicharan, Kalicharan,Varshney, V.P.,Dass, R.S. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.2
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding ammoniated wheat straw treated with HCl on blood biochemical profiles in growing male buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves. Twenty-four growing male buffalo calves (one year of age, 88.54${\pm}$3.81 kg average body weight) were divided into three groups in a completely randomized design on the basis of their body weight. Animals in all the three groups were fed on concentrate mixture. In addition, they were offered wheat straw, ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level) and HCI treated ammoniated wheat straw (4% urea at 50% moisture level and HCl added to trap 30% of the NH3 evolved) in groups I, II and III, respectively for a period of 180 days, as per Kearl (1982) for body weight gain of 500 g/d. In all diets, concentrate:roughage ratio was fixed at 50:50 and were made isonitrogenous by adjusting CP levels of conc. mixtures. Blood was collected from jugular vein of each buffalo calf at the beginning and subsequently at two months interval of experimental feeding. Due to urea-ammoniation, the CP content of wheat straw increased from 2.90 to 6.96% and addition of HCl along with urea further increased the CP content to 10.09%. In all the three groups, the mean values of plasma glucose (mg %) and serum globulin (g %), showed a decreasing trend, while the mean value of serum TP (g %), serum A:G ratio, serum urea (mg %), serum creatinine (mg %), serum ALP (KA units), SGOT (units/ml.), SGPT (units/ml), serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ (ng/ml) showed an increasing trend with the advancement of feeding period. The cumulative period mean values of serum TP (6.15 to 6.20 g %), serum albumin (3.07 to 3.18, g %), serum globulin (2.98 to 3.09, g %), serum A:G ratio (1.03 to 1.10), serum ALP (23.15 to 23.63, KA units), serum T$_3$ (1.20 to 1.23 ng/ml) and serum T$_4$ (21.33 to 21.88 ng/ml) were comparable among the groups. The cumulative period mean plasma glucose (mg %) in group III (57.28) was similar to groups I (55.31) and II (59.41), however, the cumulative period mean plasma glucose in group II was significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum urea (mg %) in group III (47.34) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than group I (38.38) and II (42.24), which were statistically alike. However, the cumulative period mean serum creatinine values (mg %) in groups II (1.43) and III (1.52) were similar and were significantly (p<0.01) higher than group I (1.24). The cumulative period mean SGOT (units/ml) in groups I, II and III was 91.71, 96.04 and 96.64, respectively. Similarly the cumulative period mean SGPT (units/ml) was 19.00, 19.93 and 20.01 in groups I, II and III, respectively. The cumulative period mean values of SGOT (p<0.05) and SGPT (p<0.001) in groups II and III were similar and were significantly higher than group I. The cumulative period mean serum T$_3$ and T$_4$ values in groups I (1.21 and 21.81), II (1.23 and 21.42) and III (1.20 and 21.33) were comparable. From the present study it may be concluded that feeding of AWS treated with and without HCI to growing male buffalo calves for 180 days had no significant adverse effect on blood biochemical profile.
Naik, S.D.,Sahu, N.P.,Jain, K.K. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2001 Animal Bioscience Vol.14 No.9
Two hundred and forty post-larvae (PL) of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii were distributed in eight treatment groups with three replicates each. Eight experimental diets were prepared by using squilla (Orato squilla nepa), squid (Sepia pharonis) and clam (katelysia opima) alone or in different combination as source of animal protein and compared to a control diet containing fish meal. Total crude protein content for all dietary treatments was around 32%. Total protein content of fish meal was replaced by an equal amount of protein from different animal protein sources on isonitrogenous basis. Diets were fed at 5% of the body weight of post-larvae twice daily. The experiment was conducted for a period of 60 days. It was found that all the above three protein sources could be used by completely replacing fishmeal except clam meal at higher level of inclusion (26%). A combination of squid and squilla meal at 14% each in the diet increased the growth performance of PL significantly (p<0.05) in terms of Specific growth rate (SGR) % (5.17), FCR (2.12) and PER (1.51). Squilla meal can be used to the maximum level of 38% without any growth depression.
Naik, Ravi,Won, Misun,Kim, Bo-Kyung,Xia, Yan,Choi, Hyun Kyung,Jin, Guanghai,Jung, Youngjin,Kim, Hwan Mook,Lee, Kyeong American Chemical Society 2012 Journal of medicinal chemistry Vol.55 No.23
<P>A series of (<I>E</I>)-phenoxyacrylic amide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α inhibitors. The present structure–activity relationship study on this series identified the morpholinoethyl containing ester <B>4p</B> as a potent inhibitor of HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions (IC<SUB>50</SUB> = 0.12 μM in a cell-based HRE reporter assay) in HCT116 cells. The representative compound <B>4p</B> suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α accumulation and targeted gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. The effect of HIF-1α inhibition by <B>4p</B> was further demonstrated by its inhibitory activity on in vitro tube formation and migration of cells, which may be valuable for development of novel therapeutics for cancer and tumor angiogenesis.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/jmcmar/2012/jmcmar.2012.55.issue-23/jm301419d/production/images/medium/jm-2012-01419d_0016.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/jm301419d'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Time and Cost Analysis for Highway Road Construction Project Using Artificial Neural Networks
Naik, M. Gopal,Radhika, V. Shiva Bala Korea Institute of Construction Engineering and Ma 2015 Journal of construction engineering and project ma Vol.5 No.1
Success of the construction companies is based on the successful completion of projects within the agreed cost and time limits. Artificial neural networks (ANN) have recently attracted much attention because of their ability to solve the qualitative and quantitative problems faced in the construction industry. For the estimation of cost and duration different ANN models were developed. The database consists of data collected from completed projects. The same data is normalised and used as inputs and targets for developing ANN models. The models are trained, tested and validated using MATLAB R2013a Software. The results obtained are the ANN predicted outputs which are compared with the actual data, from which deviation is calculated. For this purpose, two successfully completed highway road projects are considered. The Nftool (Neural network fitting tool) and Nntool (Neural network/ Data Manager) approaches are used in this study. Using Nftool with trainlm as training function and Nntool with trainbr as the training function, both the Projects A and B have been carried out. Statistical analysis is carried out for the developed models. The application of neural networks when forming a preliminary estimate, would reduce the time and cost of data processing. It helps the contractor to take the decision much easier.
Damping-off Disease in Mulberry Seedlings and Its Management
Naik, V.Nishitha,Sharma, D.D.,Chowdary, N.B.,Mala, V.R. Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
During the routine survey, the mortality of mulberry seedlings was noticed due to damping-off disease. The disease recognized by rotting of emerged seedlings near the soil line (just below the soil level) resulting in collapse of the seedlings. Two fungi were isolated from affected samples and identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. Both the fungi were found to be responsible in causing pre and post emergence damping-off of seedlings in mulberry. For management of the disease, an experiment was conducted using fungicides. These fungicides were applied as seed treatment; soil drenching and foliar spray alone and in combination. Among the different treatments, integration of seed treatment and soil application of Dithane M-45 (Mancozeb 75% WP) + Bavistin (Carbendazim 50% WP) followed by foliar spray of these fungicides (after 35 days of sowing) resulted in better survivability of seedlings (93.3 %) on $90^th$ day and controlled the pre and post emergence damping off by 100 and 89.5%, respectively over the check.
Measurements of fission yield in 8 MeV bremsstrahlung induced fission of 232Th and 238U
Naik, H.,Shivashankar, B. S.,Raj Prakash, H. G.,Raj, Deves,Sanjeev, Ganesh,Karunakara, N.,Somashekarappa, H. M.,Ganesan, S.,Kim, G. N.,Goswami, A. Springer-Verlag 2014 JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Vol.299 No.1