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Analysis of Wide-gap Semiconductors with Superconducting XAFS Apparatus
S. Shiki,N. Zen,M. Koike,M. Ukibe,Y. Kitajima,S. Nagamachi,M. Ohkubo,N. Matsubayashi 한국초전도학회 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
Fluorescent yield X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is useful for analyzing local structure of specific elements in matrices. We developed an XAFS apparatus with a 100-pixel superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector array with a high sensitivity and a high resolution for light-element dopants in wide-gap semiconductors. An STJ detector has a pixel size of 100 μm square, and an asymmetric layer structure of Nb(300 nm)-Al(70 nm)/AlOx/Al(70 nm)-Nb(50 nm). The 100-pixel STJ array has an effective area of 1 mm2. The XAFS apparatus with the STJ array detector was installed in BL-11A of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Photon Factory (KEK PF). Fluorescent X-ray spectrum for boron nitride showed that the average energy resolution of the 100-pixels is 12 eV in full width half maximum for the N-K line, and The C-K and N-K lines are separated without peak tail overlap. We analyzed the N dopant atoms implanted into 4H-SiC substrates at a dose of 300 ppm in a 200 nm-thick surface layer. From a comparison between measured X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra and ab initio FEFF calculations, it has been revealed that the N atoms substitute for the C site of the SiC lattice.
Analysis of Wide-gap Semiconductors with Superconducting XAFS Apparatus
Shiki, S.,Zen, N.,Matsubayashi, N.,Koike, M.,Ukibe, M.,Kitajima, Y.,Nagamachi, S.,Ohkubo, M. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
Fluorescent yield X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is useful for analyzing local structure of specific elements in matrices. We developed an XAFS apparatus with a 100-pixel superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detector array with a high sensitivity and a high resolution for light-element dopants in wide-gap semiconductors. An STJ detector has a pixel size of $100{\mu}m$ square, and an asymmetric layer structure of Nb(300 nm)-Al(70 nm)/AlOx/Al(70 nm)-Nb(50 nm). The 100-pixel STJ array has an effective area of $1mm^2$. The XAFS apparatus with the STJ array detector was installed in BL-11A of High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Photon Factory (KEK PF). Fluorescent X-ray spectrum for boron nitride showed that the average energy resolution of the 100-pixels is 12 eV in full width half maximum for the N-K line, and The C-K and N-K lines are separated without peak tail overlap. We analyzed the N dopant atoms implanted into 4H-SiC substrates at a dose of 300 ppm in a 200 nm-thick surface layer. From a comparison between measured X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectra and ab initio FEFF calculations, it has been revealed that the N atoms substitute for the C site of the SiC lattice.
Superconducting Strip Ion Detectors for Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer
Zen, N.,Suzuki, K.,Shiki, S.,Ukibe, M.,Koike, M.,Casaburi, A.,Ejrnaes, M.,Cristiano, R.,Ohkubo, M. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
Superconducting detectors are promising as ion detectors for time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF MS). They can achieve mass-independent detection efficiency even for macromolecular bombardments, because output signals are produced through the deposited kinetic energy at ion impact instead of secondary electron emission that is the ion detection mechanism of conventional microchannel plate (MCP) detectors or secondary electron multipliers (SEM). Among the superconducting detectors, the superconducting strip ion detectors (SSIDs), which consist of several hundreds of superconducting lines with a width of a few hundreds nm and a thickness of a few tens of nm, have a fast response time of less than 1 ns. Inherently, the response time of SSIDs is determined by kinetic inductance, so that it was difficult to realize a fast SSID with a large detection area. However, we succeeded in realizing the detector size up to $5{\times}5mm^2$ without response time degradation by using a parallel configuration.
Superconducting Strip Ion Detectors for Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometer
N. Zen,K. Suzuki,S. Shiki,M. Ukibe,M. Koike,A. Casaburi,M. Ejrnaes,R. Cristiano,M. Ohkubo 한국초전도학회 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
Superconducting detectors are promising as ion detectors for time-of-flight mass spectrometers (TOF MS). They can achieve mass-independent detection efficiency even for macromolecular bombardments, because output signals are produced through the deposited kinetic energy at ion impact instead of secondary electron emission that is the ion detection mechanism of conventional microchannel plate (MCP) detectors or secondary electron multipliers (SEM). Among the superconducting detectors, the superconducting strip ion detectors (SSIDs), which consist of several hundreds of superconducting lines with a width of a few hundreds nm and a thickness of a few tens of nm, have a fast response time of less than 1 ns. Inherently, the response time of SSIDs is determined by kinetic inductance, so that it was difficult to realize a fast SSID with a large detection area. However, we succeeded in realizing the detector size up to 5×5 mm2 without response time degradation by using a parallel configuration.
Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detectors for Mass Spectrometry
M. Ohkubo,N. Zen,T. Kitazume,S. Shiki,M. Ukibe,M. Koike 한국초전도학회 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
With conventional mass spectrometry (MS), ions are separated according to mass/charge (m/z) ratios. We must speculate the z values to obtain the m values. Superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors can solve this problem, and true mass spectrometry becomes possible instead of m/z spectrometry. The STJ detectors were installed in MS instruments with a variety of ion sources. As an example, we report fragmentation analysis of a non-covalent protein complex of hemoglobin.
Superconducting Tunnel Junction Detectors for Mass Spectrometry
Ohkubo, M.,Zen, N.,Kitazume, T.,Ukibe, M.,Shiki, S.,Koike, M. The Korean Superconductivity Society 2012 Progress in superconductivity Vol.14 No.2
With conventional mass spectrometry (MS), ions are separated according to mass/charge (m/z) ratios. We must speculate the z values to obtain the m values. Superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) detectors can solve this problem, and true mass spectrometry becomes possible instead of m/z spectrometry. The STJ detectors were installed in MS instruments with a variety of ion sources. As an example, we report fragmentation analysis of a non-covalent protein complex of hemoglobin.
Mahmoud Bakr,R. Kinjo,Y. W. Choi,M. Omer,K. Yoshida,S. Ueda,M. Takasaki,K. Ishida,N. Kimura,H. Zen,T. Sonobe,T. Kii,K. Masuda,H. Ohgaki 한국물리학회 2011 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.59 No.51
The heating property of LaB_6 and CeB_6 cathodes is investigated against the Back Bombardment (BB) effect in thermionic RF guns using numerical calculation of the stopping range and deposited heat power inside the cathode materials. Then the change in a cathode temperature and corresponding change of current density during 5.5 μs pulse duration are determined by solving two differential equations. The simulation results show that, the change of current density during the macropulse for LaB_6 two times higher than for CeB_6, hence, the effect of the BB electrons in CeB_6 is less than for LaB_6.
Üzen Cura Şengül,Kocatepe Vildan,Yıldırım Dilek,Küçükakgün Hilalnur,Atay Selma,Ünver Vesile 한국간호과학회 2020 Asian Nursing Research Vol.14 No.3
Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of different simulation modalities on knowledge, skill, stress, satisfaction, and self-confidence levels of students receiving undergraduate education in three nursing schools. Method: This was an experimental study. Students applied the scenario of “Respiratory Sounds Assessment” which was prepared according to three different simulation modalities. In the study, the standardized patient, high-fidelity simulation, and partial task trainer were used as simulation modalities. Results: An increase was observed in postpractice knowledge levels of the three groups which had similar knowledge levels before the practice. Virtual Analog Scale stress levels of the students in the standardized patient group were higher than those of others. The students’ mean scores of satisfaction in learning were higher in the standardized patient group. The students in the partial task trainer group had lower scores of self-confidence in learning. Skill scores of the students were lower in the standardized patient practice than those in others. Conclusion: Simulation-based experiences give students the opportunity of experiencing situations they may experience in the actual practice beforehand. Therefore, this may increase their performance in real practices, as reality increases in the standardized patient group.
Neslihan Düzenli,Sibel Ülker,Gülgün Şengül,Buse Kayhan,Aytül Önal 대한통증학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.35 No.1
Background: Thrombospondin-4 (TSP4) upregulates in the spinal cord following peripheral nerve injury and contributes to the development of neuropathic pain (NP). We investigated the effects of cyanocobalamin alone or in combination with morphine on pain and the relationship between these effects and spinal TSP4 expression in neuropathic rats. Methods: NP was induced by chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve. Cyanocobalamin (5 and 10 mg/kg/day) was administered 15 days before CCI and then for 4 and 14 postoperative days. Morphine (2.5 and 5 mg/kg/day) was administered only post-CCI. Combination treatment included cyanocobalamin and morphine, 10 and 5 mg/kg/day, respectively. All drugs were administered intraperitoneally. Nociceptive thresholds were detected by esthesiometer, analgesia meter, and plantar test, and TSP4 expression was assessed by western blotting and fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Results: CCI decreased nociceptive thresholds in all tests and induced TSP4 expression on the 4th postoperative day. The decrease in nociceptive thresholds persisted except for the plantar test, and the increased TSP4 expression reversed on the 14th postoperative day. Cyanocobalamin and low-dose morphine alone did not produce any antinociceptive effects. High-dose morphine improved the decreased nociceptive thresholds in the esthesiometer when administered alone but combined with cyanocobalamin in all tests. Cyanocobalamin and morphine significantly induced TSP4 expression when administered alone in both doses for 4 or 14 days. However, this increase was less when the two drugs are combined. Conclusions: The combination of cyanocobalamin and morphine is more effective in antinociception and partially decreased the induced TSP4 expression compared to the use of either drug alone.