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Kim, Hyoung-il,Monllor-Satoca, Damiá,n,Kim, Wooyul,Choi, Wonyong The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol.8 No.1
<P>TaON is a good photoanode material with a suitable band structure for water splitting as well as coupling with TiO<SUB>2</SUB> for efficient charge separation. However, the synthesis of TaON that requires high temperature nitridation (850 °C) limits the combination with other materials. In this work, we deposited a thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer on N-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes (N-TNTs) through low temperature nitridation (500 °C) and demonstrated its successful performance as an efficient photoanode for water-splitting. Since the preparation temperature is low, TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> on N-TNTs has a unique amorphous structure with a smooth thin layer (5 nm). It is proposed that the thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer plays dual roles: (i) surface sensitization and/or charge rectification at the heterojunction between the TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer and N-TNTs, and (ii) passivation of N-TNT surface trap states to retard the charge recombination. TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer-decorated N-TNTs as dual modified TNTs (N-doping in the bulk and TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> overlayer deposition on the surface) have significantly improved both visible (<I>ca.</I> 3.6 times) and UV (<I>ca.</I> 1.8 times) activities for PEC water-splitting as well as the faradaic efficiency (<I>ca.</I> 1.4 times, <I>η</I> = 98%) for H<SUB>2</SUB> production. Making the amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer crystalline at higher temperatures reduced the PEC activity of the hybrid photoanode, in contrast, which indicates that the amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer deposition on N-TNTs through low temperature nitridation (500 °C) is optimized for the PEC activity. A range of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques were systematically employed to investigate the properties of the PEC process.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Thin amorphous TaO<SUB><I>x</I></SUB>N<SUB><I>y</I></SUB> layer-coated <I>N</I>-doped TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanotubes successfully serve as a water splitting photoanode. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c4ee02169j'> </P>
Pá,linká,s, Andrá,s,Molná,r, Gyö,rgy,Magda, Gá,bor Zsolt,Hwang, Chanyong,Tapasztó,, Levente,Samuely, Peter,Szabó,, Pavol,Osvá,th, Zoltá,n Elsevier 2017 Carbon Vol.124 No.-
<P>The development of functional composite nanomaterials based on graphene and metal nanoparticles (NPs) is currently the subject of intense research interest. In this study we report the preparation of novel type of graphene/Sn and graphene/SnOx (1 <= x <= 2) hybrid nanostructures and their investigation by scanning probe methods. First, we prepare Sn NPs by evaporating 7-8 nm tin on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite substrates. Graphene/Sn nanostructures are obtained by transferring graphene on top of the tin NPs immediately after evaporation. We show by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS) that tin NPs reduce significantly the environmental p-type doping of graphene. Furthermore, we demonstrate by low-temperature STM and STS measurements that superconductivity is induced in graphene, either directly supported by Sn NPs or suspended between them. Additionally, we prepare SnOx NPs by annealing the evaporated tin at 500 degrees C. STS measurements performed on hybrid graphene/SnOx nanostructures reveal the electronic band gap of SnOx NPs. The results can open new avenues for the fabrication of novel hybrid superconducting nanomaterials with designed structures and morphologies. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</P>
Terá,n Hilares, Ruly,dos Santos, Jú,lio Cé,sar,Ahmed, Muhammad Ajaz,Jeon, Seok Hwan,da Silva, Silvio Silvé,rio,Han, Jong-In Elsevier 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.214 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was employed in order to improve the efficiency of alkaline pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse (SCB). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize pretreatment parameters: NaOH concentration (0.1–0.5M), solid/liquid ratio (S/L, 3–10%) and HC time (15–45min), in terms of glucan content, lignin removal and enzymatic digestibility. Under an optimal HC condition (0.48M of NaOH, 4.27% of S/L ratio and 44.48min), 52.1% of glucan content, 60.4% of lignin removal and 97.2% of enzymatic digestibility were achieved. Moreover, enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated SCB resulted in a yield 82% and 30% higher than the untreated and alkaline-treated controls, respectively. HC was found to be a potent and promising approach to pretreat lignocellulosic biomass.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) was combined with an alkaline pretreatment. </LI> <LI> HC-assisted pretreatment was statistically optimized and experimentally verified. </LI> <LI> High enzymatic digestibility of 97.2% was achieved. </LI> <LI> The HC increased enzymatic digestibility by 30%. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Production of [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] in p–Pb collisions at [FORMULA OMISSION] TeV
Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, S.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D.,Aleksandrov, D.,Alessandro, B. Springer 2017 European Physical Journal C Vol.77 No.6
<P>The transverse momentum distributions of the strange and double-strange hyperon resonances ([FORMULA OMISSION], [FORMULA OMISSION]) produced in p–Pb collisions at [FORMULA OMISSION] TeV were measured in the rapidity range [FORMULA OMISSION] for event classes corresponding to different charged-particle multiplicity densities, [FORMULA OMISSION]d[FORMULA OMISSION]/d[FORMULA OMISSION]. The mean transverse momentum values are presented as a function of [FORMULA OMISSION]d[FORMULA OMISSION]/d[FORMULA OMISSION], as well as a function of the particle masses and compared with previous results on hyperon production. The integrated yield ratios of excited to ground-state hyperons are constant as a function of [FORMULA OMISSION]d[FORMULA OMISSION]/d[FORMULA OMISSION]. The equivalent ratios to pions exhibit an increase with [FORMULA OMISSION]d[FORMULA OMISSION]/d[FORMULA OMISSION], depending on their strangeness content.</P>
Akram Herná,ndez-Vá,squez,Horacio Chacó,n-Torrico 한국역학회 2019 Epidemiology and Health Vol.41 No.-
OBJECTIVES: Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is one of the most cost-effective strategies to reduce neonatal mortality. We sought to determine the prevalence and determinants of EIBF in Peru. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analytical study of the 2018 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey as a secondary data source. In total, 19,595 children born during the 5 years prior to the survey were included in the study. The dependent variable (EIBF status), socio-demographic variables, and pregnancy-related variables were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model to identify the determinants of EIBF. RESULTS: The prevalence of EIBF in the study population was 49.7%. Cesarean deliveries were associated with a lower likelihood of EIBF (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.05 to 0.07) than were vaginal deliveries. Newborns born at public health centers (aOR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.65) had a higher rate of EIBF than those not born at public or private health centers. Women from the jungle region (aOR, 2.51; 95% CI, 2.17 to 2.89) had higher odds of providing EIBF than those from the coast. Mothers with more than a secondary education (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.76) were less likely to breastfeed during the first hour of the newborn’s life than women with primary or no education. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of Peruvian children do not breastfeed during the first hour after birth. The major determinants of EIBF status were the delivery mode and the region of maternal residence. Strategies are needed to promote early breastfeeding practices.
Adriá,n-Martí,nez, S.,Albert, A.,André,, M.,Anton, G.,Ardid, M.,Aubert, J.-J.,Baret, B.,Barrios-Martí,, J.,Basa, S.,Bertin, V.,Biagi, S.,Bormuth, R.,Bouwhuis, M. C.,Bruijn, R. American Astronomical Society 2016 The Astrophysical journal Vol.823 No.1
<P>We present the results of searches for point-like sources of neutrinos based on the first combined analysis of data from both the ANTARES and IceCube neutrino telescopes. The combination of both detectors, which differ in size and location, forms a window in the southern sky where the sensitivity to point sources improves by up to a factor of 2 compared with individual analyses. Using data recorded by ANTARES from 2007 to 2012, and by IceCube from 2008 to 2011, we search for sources of neutrino emission both across the southern sky and from a preselected list of candidate objects. No significant excess over background has been found in these searches, and flux upper limits for the candidate sources are presented for E-2.5 and E-2 power-law spectra with different energy cut-offs.</P>