Performance Analysis of MIH based Multihoming Approach of Vertical Handover in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

Faiza Iqbal,Muhammad Younus Javed 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.4 No.4

Multifunctional Formaldehyde Free Finishing of Cotton by Using Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and Ecofriendly Cross-Linkers

Nasir Sarwar,Munir Ashraf,Muhammad Mohsin,Abdur Rehman,Ayesha Younus,Amjed Javid,Kashif Iqbal,Shagufta Riaz 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

Importance of multifunctional finishing of textiles is increasing day by day due to greater consumer demand. Cross-linker is one of the commonly used finishes agent to impart functionality in textiles. In this research work theperformance of the formaldehyde free carboxylic acid based eco-friendly cross-linkers; citric acid (CA) and maleic acid(MA) was enhanced by incorporating three different types of metal oxides nanoparticle (ZnO, MgO and CaO). Two differentfixation methods of pad-dry-cure with and without UV irradiation were used. ZnO along with CA and MA was found to bemost effective in increasing crease recovery performance of the cotton fabric followed by MgO while CaO was found to beineffective. Fabric tear strength was also improved by the incorporation of these nanoparticles. Additionally, incorporation ofthese nanoparticles exhibited improvement in the fabric handle and antimicrobial properties.

Transition from unipolar to bipolar, multilevel switching, abrupt and gradual reset phenomena in a TaN/CeO₂/Ti: /Pt memory devices

Rana, Anwar Manzoor,Ismail, Muhammad,Akber, Tahira,Younus Nadeem, M.,Kim, Sungjun Elsevier 2019 Materials research bulletin Vol.117 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the transition from unipolar to bipolar switching, multilevel resistive switching, abrupt and gradual reset phenomena in a TaN/CeO<SUB>2</SUB>/Ti: /Pt memory devices. Multilevel resistive switching can be successfully obtained by varying the current compliance in the set process. It was observed that increasing the value of current compliance during the set process decreases the set voltages of the devices and as well as deceases the low and high resistance states, respectively. In addition, we have also observed coexistence of abrupt and gradual reset transition in a Ta/CeO<SUB>2</SUB>/Ti: /Pt memory cell. The device exhibits the excellent bipolar resistive switching characteristics such as endurance performance, device-to-device variability (D2D) and good retention time 10<SUP>4</SUP> s. The oxidation of the TaN top electrode creates an Ohmic contact with CeO<SUB>2</SUB> film and hence injects positively charged oxygen vacancies into the switching layer which looks to be responsible for resistive switching.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Transition from unipolar to bipolar switching in a Ta/CeO<SUB>2</SUB>/Ti: /Pt memory device was investigated. </LI> <LI> Multilevel resistive switching can be successfully obtained by varying the current compliance in the set process. </LI> <LI> Increasing the value of current compliance during the set process deceases the low and high resistance states. </LI> <LI> Electrical conduction mechanism is dominated by Schottky emission at high field regions of abrupt and gradual modes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Design and Implementation of Energy Aware Algorithm using Greedy Routing for Sensor Networks

Razia Haider,Dr. Muhammad Younus Javed,Naveed S. Khattak 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.2 No.2

Routing in sensor networks is a challenging issue due to inherent constraints such as energy, memory and CPU processing capabilities. The energy efficiency is one of the key concerns in sensor networks for their better performance, as sensor nodes are limited in their battery power. In this research work, different routing algorithms have been studied and the main focus was on geographic routing in sensor networks. A location based protocol EAGR (Energy Aware Greedy Routing) has been presented for sensor networks to extend the lifetime of the network and to get higher data delivery rate and to balance the energy consumption of nodes. In EAGR, each node makes the local decision to choose its next hop. This algorithm works on forwarding rule based on location and energy levels of nodes. Each node knows its own geographic location and its energy levels and the location and energy level of its neighbors. The transmitting node writes the geographic position of destination into the packet header and forwards it to the destination by establishing the sub-destinations. The sub-destination nodes must be alive and geographically near to the destination node to route the packet by choosing the shortest and reliable path. Simulation has been made by using OMNET++. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm gives better performance in terms of higher data delivery rate and less number of dead nodes. It has been noted that the ratio of successful packet delivery will increase in EAGR as number of nodes increased in the network. Consequently, the proposed algorithm can scale to thousands of nodes in future sensor networks and can effectively increase the lifetime of the sensor networks.

Effect of sodium butyrate on performance, immune status, microarchitecture of small intestinal mucosa and lymphoid organs in broiler chickens

Arbab Sikandar,Hafsa Zaneb,Muhammad Younus,Saima Masood,Asim Aslam,Farina Khattak,Saima Ashraf,Muhammad Shahbaz Yousaf,Habib Rehman 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.5

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on growth performance, immune status, organs weights, and microarchitecture of lymphoid organs and small intestine. Methods: A total of 120, 1-d-old broiler chicks were distributed into the following four treatment groups: corn-soy based basal diet (BD) without supplement (control), or the same BD supplemented with 0.1 g/kg zinc bacitracin (ZnB), 0.5 g/kg SB (SB-0.5), or 1.0 g/kg SB (SB-1), respectively. Six birds/group were killed on d-21 and d-35, and samples were collected. Results: Cell-mediated immune response at 48 h post-Phytohemagglutinin-P injection, and antibody titer against Newcastle disease vaccine and sheep red blood cells on d-35 was noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 compared to ZnB and control. Lower (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) was attained by the supplemented groups. Thymus and spleen weighed more (p<0.05) in SB-1, and bursa registered more (p<0.05) weight in both SB groups compared to control. On d-21, areas of thymus medulla and spleen germinal centers were noted higher (p<0.05) in SB-1 group. The villus height and villus surface area increased (p<0.05) in duodenum and jejunum in both SB groups on d-21, and in SB-1 on d-35, respectively compared to ZnB and control. On d-21, number of goblet cells containing mucins of acidic nature increased (p<0.05) in all the segments of small intestines in SB-1 group compared to control, and on d-35 in ileum compared to other groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, SB improved growth performance and immunity as well as modulated morphology of lymphoid organs and gut mucosa in broiler chickens.

Genetic signature of strong recent positive selection at interleukin-32 gene in goat

Akhtar Rasool Asif,Sumayyah Qadri,Nabeel Ijaz,Ruheena Javed,Abdur Rahman Ansari,Muhammd Awais,Muhammad Younus,Hasan Riaz,Xiaoyong Du 아세아·태평양축산학회 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.7

Objective: Identification of the candidate genes that play key roles in phenotypic variations can provide new information about evolution and positive selection. Interleukin (IL)-32 is involved in many biological processes, however, its role for the immune response against various diseases in mammals is poorly understood. Therefore, the current investigation was performed for the better understanding of the molecular evolution and the positive selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms in IL-32 gene. Methods: By using fixation index (FST) based method, IL-32 (9375) gene was found to be outlier and under significant positive selection with the provisional combined allocation of mean heterozygosity and FST. Using nucleotide sequences of 11 mammalian species from National Center for Biotechnology Information database, the evolutionary selection of IL-32 gene was determined using Maximum likelihood model method, through four models (M1a, M2a, M7, and M8) in Codeml program of phylogenetic analysis by maximum liklihood. Results: IL-32 is detected under positive selection using the FST simulations method. The phylogenetic tree revealed that goat IL-32 was in close resemblance with sheep IL-32. The coding nucleotide sequences were compared among 11 species and it was found that the goat IL-32 gene shared identity with sheep (96.54%), bison (91.97%), camel (58.39%), cat (56.59%), buffalo (56.50%), human (56.13%), dog (50.97%), horse (54.04%), and rabbit (53.41%) respectively. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for IL-32 gene as under significant positive selection in goat.