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( Ijaz Ahmad ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Muhammad Nauman Manzoor ),( Tanveer Ahmad ),( Muhammad Yaqoob ),( Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2013 한국축산학회지 Vol.55 No.6
Male cattle calves(n=24), 9-12 months age, with an average body weight of 120±20kg were fed total mixed rations(TMR) for 120 days to determine their growth performance. Animals were divided into four groups(six of each breed): Crossbred (Friesian×Sahiwal), Dhanni, Lohani, and Cholistani. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance techniques under a completely randomized design. The average daily gain(ADG), feed efficiency(FE), and dressing percentage ranged from 639-892g/d, 0.105-0.155kg/kg, and 51.2-51.5%, respectively, in the different breeds. The ADG and FE did not differ between the Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani breeds, but these values were lower in Cholistani calves(P<0.05). The dressing percentage was similar in all breeds. The highest increase in body height was observed in Dhanni calves, but heart girth was obviously higher in Lohani calves. The feed cost per kg gain was higher for Cholistani calves but similar among Crossbred, Dhanni, and Lohani calves(P>0.05). In conclusion, Dhanni, Lohani, and Crossbred calves possess the promising potential for beef production under the rainfed(Barani) conditions of the Punjab.
영문지(JAST)게재논문 : Sahiwal 젖소의 최적 유생산을 위한 착유방법 측정 연구
( Naveed Aslam ),( Muhammad Abdullah ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Jalees Ahmad Bhatti ),( Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal ),( Nasrullah Bangulzai ),최창원 ( Chang Weon Choi ),조익환 ( Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 축산기술과 산업 Vol.5 No.2
24두의 Sahiwal 젖소를 대상으로 착유횟수와 방법에 의한 생산량 변화를 측정하였다. 선발된 시험축은 완전임의배치법으로 6두씩 4그룹으로 공시되었다. A와 B 그룹의 젖소들은 손 착유법으로 착유하되 각각 일일 2회 및 3회 착유하였고 C와 D그룹의 젖소들은 기계 착유법으로 착유하되, 각각 일일 2회 및 3회 착유 하였다. 전 두수는 동일한 사료와 사양관리 하에서 유지되었다. 건물 섭취량은 일일 3회 착유하는 그룹에서 높게 나타났고 이것은 손 착유법과 기계 착유법 간에도 차이를 보이지 않았다. 일일 2회 착유와 비교해서 일일 3회 착유 시 유량이 높았고(P<0.05), 손 착유법와 기계 착유법 간의 차이는 없었다. 손 착유법과 기계 착유법을 이용한 그룹 모두에서 유지방 비율은 일일 3회 착유보다 2회 착유 시 높게 나타났고(P<0.05), 총고형물 비율 역시 유지방 비율과 비슷한 패턴을 보였다. 하지만, 단백질, 유당, 무지고형물 비율들은 시험구간 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>0.05). 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 Sahiwal 젖소에 있어서 8시간 간격으로 2회 착유하는 것보다 3회 착유하는 것이 손 착유법이나 기계 착유법 모두에서 유량을 극대화할 수 있는 방법임을 보여주고 있다.
( Naveed Aslam ),( Muhammad Abdullah ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Jalees Ahmad Bhatti ),( Zeeshan Muhammad Iqbal ),( Nasrullah Bangulzai ),( Chang Weon Choi ),( Ik Hwan Jo ) 한국동물자원과학회(구 한국축산학회) 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.13
The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different(P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.
Evaluation of different milking practices for optimum production performance in Sahiwal cows
Aslam, Naveed,Abdullah, Muhammad,Fiaz, Muhammad,Bhatti, Jalees Ahmad,Iqbal, Zeeshan Muhammad,Bangulzai, Nasrullah,Choi, Chang Weon,Jo, Ik Hwan Korean Society of Animal Sciences and Technology 2014 한국축산학회지 Vol.56 No.4
The production performance of multiparous lactating Sahiwal cows (n = 24) was evaluated according to both milking frequency and method. Selected animals were randomly divided into four groups containing six animals each under a completely randomized design. Cows in groups A & B were milked by the hand milking method three times per day, respectively. Similarly, cows in groups C & D were milked by the machine milking method two and three times per day, respectively. All animals were maintained under uniform feeding and management conditions. Dry matter intake was high in animal groups milked three times per day, and it remained unchanged between the hand and machine milking methods. Milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked three times compared to those milked twice per day, and it did not differ between hand and machine milking methods. Milk fat percentage was higher (P < 0.05) in cows milked twice per day compared to those milked three times using both machine and hand milking methods. The percentage of total solids showed a similar pattern as the fat percentage. However, percentages of protein, lactose, and non-fat solids in milk were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Collectively, the results show that milking three times per day instead of twice at 8-hour intervals can enhance milk yield in Sahiwal cows using both hand and machine milking methods.
Real Exchange Rate Misalignment in Pakistan: An Application of Regime Switching Modelㅎ
Asma FIAZ,Nabila KHURSHID,Ahsan SATTI,Muhammad Shuaib MALIK,Wasim shahid MALIK 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.12
This study investigates the key determinants of exchange rate (RER) misalignment for the period 1991 to 2020. The BEER technique has been used to estimate the degree of the equilibrium exchange rate. To explore the actual exchange rate misalignment and to assess the behavior of variables that are different in different regimes of undervaluation and overvaluation, the nonlinear technique of Markov regime-switching (MSM) was applied. The mean and variance of each regime are highly significant and show that undervaluation episodes have a low mean (116.139) and more volatility (1.229) while overvaluation episodes have a high mean (126.732) with less volatility (0.871). The findings show that MSM accurately identifies exchange rate misalignment in both regimes as separate incidents of overvaluation and undervaluation. Results further depict that misalignment of the RER is affected by terms of trade, net foreign assets, interest differential, government investment, and consumption decision. Results recommend that if policymakers want to use the exchange rate as a policy tool, they must first consider the drivers of the equilibrium exchange rate. As a result, any deliberate actions to address exchange rate misalignment must focus on the underlying fundamentals that drive the exchange rate.
Fe/Co doped ZIF derived nitrogen doped nanoporous carbon as electrode material for supercapacitors
Ifra Fiaz Gul,Hirra Anwar,Muhammad Arslan Raza,Rabia Ahmad,Naseem Iqbal,Ghulam Ali 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.116 No.-
Nanoporous carbon (NPC) for electrochemical energy storage devices has gained much interest due to itshigh specific area and tunable porosity. Herein, Fe and Co co-doped NPC is synthesized by a simple coprecipitationmethod followed by carbonization of Fe and Co doped ZIF8 at 900 ℃ (Fe-Co/NPC-900). The structural, morphological, elemental, chemical bonding, surface area, and thermal degradation ofthe synthesized material have been evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method,and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. The high surface area of 933 m2/g and nanoporous structureof Fe-Co/NPC-900 electrode results in a high specific capacitance of 900 F/g at a current density of5 A/g. The cycle performance of Fe-Co/NPC-900 was remarkable with 88% of the capacitance retentionafter 5000 cycles at a high current density of 30 A/g. The high electrochemical performance of Fe-Co/NPC-900 is attributed to the hybrid doping of Fe and Co in nitrogen doped carbon network which offersa synergic effect in reaction.
( Yowook Song ),( Muhammad Fiaz ),( Dong Woo Kim ),( Jeongtae Kim ),( Chan Ho Kwon ) 한국축산학회 2019 한국축산학회지 Vol.61 No.4
The aim of this study was to evaluate different herbicides for optimum growth, yield and nutritive value of corn-soybean mixed forage under randomized complete block design. The experimental site was selected and divided equally into 3 blocks. Each block was further divided into 5 plots that each plot had 15 square meter space (3 × 5). Five herbicidal treatments were randomly applied over 5 plots and herbicides were used under 5 herbicidal treatments, viz. 1) No herbicide (control); 2) Pendimethalin; 3) Linuron; 4) S-metolachlor and 5) Ethalfluralin. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA through SAS 9.1.3 software. The results indicated that growth characteristics were not influenced (p > 0.05) by any herbicide. However, arithmetically corn stalk height was highest in the field of Pendimethalin treatment, whereas highest soybean height was found in the field of S-metolachlor. Arithmetically dry matter (DM) yield was increased with herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control treatment. Relatively highest DM yield (130%) was recorded in the treatment of Ethalfluralin followed by Pendimethalin (126%), S-metolachlor (126%) and Linuron (108%) as compared to that of control treatment. The weed emergence was significantly reduced in all herbicidal treatments as compared to that of control (p > 0.05), but the difference among herbicidal treatments was non-significant. It was concluded that weed emergence can be effectively controlled by use of any tested herbicide. However, optimum DM yield can be achieved through using herbicides; Ethalfluralin, Pendimethalin and S-metolachlor.