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Muhammad Asim Rasheed,Kamran Ahmad,Nilem Khaliq,Yaqoob Khan,Muhammad Aftab Rafiq,Abdul Waheed,Attaullah Shah,Arshad Mahmood,Ghafar Ali 한국물리학회 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.3
The effect of electrochemical reduction on the structural and electrical properties of amorphous as well as annealed TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs) is investigated under ambient conditions. TNTs were prepared by anodizing titanium sheet in ethylene glycol electrolyte containing NH4F and de-ionized water at 40 V for 6 h. Electrochemical reduction is carried out in 1 M aqueous KOH solution for ~15 s at 3 V. TNTs are characterized by SEM, XRD, XPS and impedance spectrometer. XRD results confirm an increase in dspacing for (101) and (200) planes, after electrochemical reduction. XPS data reveal that electrochemical reduction produced prominent shifts of ~0.7e1.0 eV in the binding energies of TNTs. Interestingly, these shifts recover completely (in case of amorphous TNTs) and partially (in case of anatase TNTs) within ~7 days after reduction process due to oxygen uptake. Partial recovery in the binding energies of anatase TNTs is due to the fact that the oxygen vacancies are thermodynamically more stable as compared to amorphous TNTs. Similarly, the electrochemical reduction process decreases the impedance values of TNTs by more than three orders of magnitudes (from MU to kU). The impedance values also recover to the similar values before reduction in a span of ~7days.
A Low-Complexity Pedestrian Detection Framework for Smart Video Surveillance Systems
Bilal, Muhammad,Khan, Asim,Khan, Muhammad Umar Karim,Kyung, Chong-Min Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2017 IEEE transactions on circuits and systems for vide Vol.27 No.10
<P>Pedestrian detection is a key problem in computer vision and is currently addressed with increasingly complex solutions involving compute-intensive features and classification schemes. In this scope, histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) in conjunction with linear support vector machine (SVM) classifier is considered to be the single most discriminative feature that has been adopted as a stand-alone detector as well as a key instrument in advance systems involving hybrid features and cascaded detectors. In this paper, we propose a pedestrian detection framework that is computationally less expensive as well as more accurate than HOG-linear SVM. The proposed scheme exploits the discriminating power of the locally significant gradients in building orientation histograms without involving complex floating point operations while computing the feature. The integer-only feature allows the use of powerful histogram inter-section kernel SVM classifier in a fast lookup-table-based implementation. Resultantly, the proposed framework achieves at least 3% more accurate detection results than HOG on standard data sets while being 1.8 and 2.6 times faster on conventional desktop PC and embedded ARM platforms, respectively, for a single scale pedestrian detection on VGA resolution video. In addition, hardware implementation on Altera Cyclone IV field-programmable gate array results in more than 40% savings in logic resources compared with its HOG-linear SVM competitor. Hence, the proposed feature and classification setup is shown to be a better candidate as the single most discriminative pedestrian detector than the currently accepted HOG-linear SVM.</P>
Aslam, Muhammad,Ahmad, Rizwan,Yasin, Muhammad,Khan, Asim Laeeq,Shahid, Muhammad Kashif,Hossain, Shakhawat,Khan, Zakir,Jamil, Farrukh,Rafiq, Sikander,Bilad, Muhammad Roil,Kim, Jeonghwan,Kumar, Gopalakr Elsevier 2018 Bioresource technology Vol.269 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Biohydrogen as one of the most appealing energy vector for the future represents attractive avenue in alternative energy research. Recently, variety of biohydrogen production pathways has been suggested to improve the key features of the process. Nevertheless, researches are still needed to overcome remaining barriers to practical applications such as low yields and production rates. Considering practicality aspects, this review emphasized on anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) for biological hydrogen production. Recent advances and emerging issues associated with biohydrogen generation in AnMBR technology are critically discussed. Several techniques are highlighted that are aimed at overcoming these barriers. Moreover, environmental and economical potentials along with future research perspectives are addressed to drive biohydrogen technology towards practicality and economical-feasibility.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Anaerobic membrane bioreactor technology for biohydrogen production is overviewed. </LI> <LI> Enhancement of biohydrogen yield and generation rates via various strategies is discussed. </LI> <LI> Techno-economic and environmental impacts of this approach are addressed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Muhammad Naeem,Muhammad Kamran Jafri,Sayed S.R. Moustafa,Nassir S. AL-Arifi,Shazia Asim,Farhan Khan,Nisar Ahmed 한국지질과학협의회 2016 Geosciences Journal Vol.20 No.1
The Sinjhoro concession is prolific gas-producing block situated on the eastern limb of the Lower Indus Basin in Pakistan. It contains several development and production (D & P) leases, which are producing gas from Cretaceous rocks. The present study aimed to evaluate the structural and petrophysical properties of the Lower Goru Formation using a 2D seismic and well-driven integrated study. A seismic driven time structure map of the Lower Goru Formation was generated, which depicted horst and graben structures oriented predominantly in a NNW-SSE direction. These normal faults are deep seated and potentially provide a vertical primary migration pathway to hydrocarbon flow. A prospective lead of 20 ms was identified in the northwestern portion of the structural map, which could be explored further. Besides this, a RMS amplitude map was generated within the target reservoir level to show the general sand body distribution within the reservoir. Our study revealed that the reservoir quality sands are deposited in the eastern portion of the study area. The identified lead is also located on a fair to good level of sand body which is producing from the well drilled to the south of the prospective area. Additionally, it is strongly recommended to conduct an infill seismic survey over and around the newly identified prospect in order to validate its existence and aerial outspreads. Well correlation, petrophysical data logs (PDLs) and cross-plot techniques were adopted to predict the petrophysical properties of the reservoir level. During the petrophysical study, two prospective zone were identified, with Zone-II showing more promising results for hydrocarbon presence than Zone-I. The present research has shown that integration of seismic attributes with petrophysical calculations can help to identify new prospective leads even in cases where there is less seismic data coverage.
Muhammad Ayaz,Amir Muhammad,Mohammad Younas,Asim Laeeq Khan,Mashallah Rezakazemi 한국고분자학회 2019 Macromolecular Research Vol.27 No.6
In the current study, polysulfone (PSF) membranes incorporated with nano alumina (Al2O3) were synthesized by a phase inversion method to improve the efficiency of the PSF membrane for wastewater treatment. Dimethylformamide was used as solvent while polyvinylpyrrolidone was used as a pore former. Different concentrations of nanoparticles of Al2O3 were used in the casting solution to get an optimum condition for the highest water flux. Cross section morphology of the membranes was investigated through scanning electron microscope. Membranes were characterized by pure water flux, permeability, hydrophilicity, porosity, and retention of Cu(II). All the mixed matrix nanocomposite membranes showed higher water flux than the nascent PSF membrane due to their increased porosity and hydrophilicity with the addition of nano alumina. Cu(II) rejection was also enriched by composite membranes due to a high number of adsorption sites on membranes surface as a result of better hydrophilicity and dispersion of nano alumina. The membrane with 0.1 wt% nano Al2O3showed the best performance in terms of water flux (32.60 L·m-2·h-1) and significant Cu(II) removal (61.95%) compared to other membranes after continuous treatment of 150 min. The reusability test of the PAl0.1 membrane confirmed the durability of the composite membranes after several cycles using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a regenerator.
Critical Evaluation of Frontal Image-Based Gender Classification Techniques
Hira Khalid Khan,Abdul Salam Shah,Muhammad Asim Khan 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.10
The face describes the personality of humans and has adequate importance in the identification and verification process. The human face provides, information as age, gender, face expression and ethnicity. Research has been carried out in the area of face detection, identification, verification, and gender classification to correctly identify humans. The focus of this paper is on gender classification, for which various methods have been formulated based on the measurements of face features. An efficient technique of gender classification helps in accurate identification of a person as male or female and also enhances the performance of other applications like Computer-User Interface, Investigation, Monitoring, Business Profiling and Human Computer Interaction (HCI). In this paper, the most prominent gender classification techniques have been evaluated in terms of their strengths and limitations.
Nuzhat Noureen,Saadia Khan,Asim Khursheed,Imran Iqbal,Moallah Maryam,Syed Muhammad Sharib,Neeta Maheshwary 대한신경과학회 2019 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.15 No.4
Background and Purpose Tere is sparsity of quality evidence for the use of drugs afer frst-line benzodiazepines in convulsive status epilepticus in children. Te aim of the study was to compare the clinical efcacy and safety of intravenous levetiracetam versus intravenous phenytoin as second-line drugs in the management of generalized convulsive status epilepticus in children. Methods Tis open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Emergency Department of Te Children’s Hospital and Te Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan over a period of 4 years and 6 months from January 2014 to June 2018. Tis study included 600 children with generalized convulsive status epilepticus: 300 in the 40 mg/kg levetiracetam group, and 300 in the 20 mg/kg phenytoin group. Cessation of a clinical seizure (seizure cessation rate) within 30 minutes afer the end of drug administration was the primary outcome in this study, and the presence or absence of adverse efects was noted as the secondary outcome. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 20.0). Results Te children in the levetiracetam and phenytoin were aged 3.5±0.2 and 3.4±0.2 years (mean±SD), respectively, their seizure durations before the start of treatment were 25.1±0.6 and 23.8±0.4 minutes, and their treatment efficacies were 278/300 (92.7%) and 259/300 (83.3%). Levetiracetam was signifcantly more efective than phenytoin (p=0.012), with no signifcant diference in safety. Adverse events were observed in eight children in the phenytoin group. Conclusions Levetiracetam is signifcantly more efective than phenytoin for the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus in children who have failed to respond to benzodiazepines.
Highly dispersive substitution box (S-box) design using chaos
Faheem, Zaid Bin,Ali, Asim,Khan, Muhamad Asif,Ul-Haq, Muhammad Ehatisham,Ahmad, Waqar Electronics and Telecommunications Research Instit 2020 ETRI Journal Vol.42 No.4
Highly dispersive S-boxes are desirable in cryptosystems as nonlinear confusion sublayers for resisting modern attacks. For a near optimal cryptosystem resistant to modern cryptanalysis, a highly nonlinear and low differential probability (DP) value is required. We propose a method based on a piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) with optimization conditions. Thus, the linear propagation of information in a cryptosystem appearing as a high DP during differential cryptanalysis of an S-box is minimized. While mapping from the chaotic trajectory to integer domain, a randomness test is performed that justifies the nonlinear behavior of the highly dispersive and nonlinear chaotic S-box. The proposed scheme is vetted using well-established cryptographic performance criteria. The proposed S-box meets the cryptographic performance criteria and further minimizes the differential propagation justified by the low DP value. The suitability of the proposed S-box is also tested using an image encryption algorithm. Results show that the proposed S-box as a confusion component entails a high level of security and improves resistance against all known attacks.