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Photon Dynamics in Counterfactual Quantum Communication
Muhammad Asad Ullah,Junaid ur Rehman,Hyundong Shin(신현동) 한국통신학회 2021 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.2
We investigate the evolution of a photon’s wave-function as it traverses through the polarization beam splitter (PBS)-based Michelson interferometer (PBS-MI). The PBS-MI provides the basis for particle-less counterfactual communication. We investigate the change in photon state evolution due to delay in the channel arm of PBS-MI in the practical implementation. This is due to the mismatched path lengths of the interferometer leading to the evolution in the path degree of freedom of the photon. We analyze the mismatched path lengths in practical implementation of nested interferometers based counterfactual communication schemes for particle-less information transfer and clock synchronization lead to increased infidelity of the output state.
Robustness of Entanglement-Free Quantum Byzantine Agreement
Muhammad Asad Ullah,Jason William Setiawan,Junaid ur Rehman,Hyundong Shin 한국통신학회 2022 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.2
Byzantine agreement refers to a consensus mechanism between distributed nodes in a network in the presence of faulty parties. For any consensus algorithm, three primary performance measures are: scalability, security, and decentralization. Quantum mechanics provides non-classical resources including entanglement and coherence with unparalleled advantages in cryptography, synchronization, and secret sharing. Based on these resources, various quantum Byzantine agreement (QBA) algorithms have been proposed but they have not been evaluated for the aforementioned performance measures. In this paper, we provide two contributions. First, we evaluate the usefulness and practicality of these quantum consensus algorithms. We observe that in contrast to their classical counterparts, in general, quantum consensus algorithms have better security, lower scalability, and comparable decentralization. Secondly, we investigate the noise robustness of the entanglement-free scheme which is one of the most scalable QBAs to date. We observe that the local qubit noise and channel decoherence increase the error rate in the list distribution, thereby decreasing the number of consensus per second. We infer that the current quantum protocols with noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices and noisy quantum communication can only be employed in small scale networks.
Khalid, Muhammad Asad Ullah,Kim, Young Soo,Ali, Muhsin,Lee, Byung Gul,Cho, Young-Jae,Choi, Kyung Hyun Elsevier 2020 Biochemical engineering journal Vol.155 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Numerous micro-physiological systems have been reported to successfully mimic the organ microenvironment. However, there are currently only a few systems that focus on real-time physiological monitoring for preclinical cytotoxicity assessment of drug candidates. We developed a multi-sensor lung cancer-on-chip platform for trans-epithelial electrical (TEER) impedance based cytotoxicity evaluation of drug candidates. The excellent transparency of ITO electrodes allowed for visual monitoring of cells on chip using a 3D-printed digital microscope, which has not been previously reported. An optical pH sensor was used for online monitoring of media pH. As a proof of concept, lung cancer NCI-H1437 cells were cultured on glass-based microfluidic chip and biosensors data were obtained in real-time. The toxicity of different concentrations of drugs doxorubicin (DOX) and docetaxel was then monitored in real-time using the TEER impedance sensor. The TEER impedance response was evaluated in terms of cell index (CI), whereas a live/dead assay was performed for the comparison of cell viability at the end of the experiments. The cell index assessment suggested that the increasing concentrations of doxorubicin resulted in a higher cell death rate than docetaxel. The pH response and microscopic images were also recorded during drug treatment. The platform we developed here, is a promising tool for the cytotoxicity evaluation of novel drug compounds for future micro-physiological systems and development of personalized medicine.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A lung cancer-on-chip platform was developed for real-time physiological monitoring. </LI> <LI> All the biosensors were developed in-house including pH, and TEER impedance sensors. </LI> <LI> Transparent ITO electrode allowed for visual monitoring using 3D-printed microscope. </LI> <LI> The toxicity of anticancer drugs doxorubicin and docetaxel was evaluated. </LI> <LI> A comparison of impedimetric and live/dead cell viabilities was also analyzed. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Asad Ullah Qazi,Ali Murtaza Rasool,Iftikhar Ahmad,Muhammad Ali,Fawad S. Niazi 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.89 No.4
This study pioneers the exploration of creep and shrinkage behavior in ambient-cured geopolymer concrete (GPC), a vital yet under-researched area in concrete technology. Focusing on the influence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration, the research utilizes low calcium fly ash (Class-F) and alkaline solutions to prepare two sets of GPC. The results show distinct patterns in compressive strength development and dry shrinkage reduction, with a 14 M NaOH solution demonstrating a 26.5% lower dry shrinkage than the 16 M solution. The creep behavior indicated a high initial strain within the first 7 days, significantly influenced by curing conditions and NaOH concentration. This study contributes to the existing knowledge by providing a deeper understanding of the time-dependent properties of GPC, which is crucial for optimizing its performance in structural applications.
Ullah, Asad,Saleem, Muhammad Wajid,Kim, Woo-Seung Elsevier 2017 International journal of greenhouse gas control Vol.66 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>A capacitive deionization (CDI) device was proposed for NH<SUB>3</SUB>-based CO<SUB>2</SUB> absorption-desorption process, to reduce the stripper regeneration energy. A rate-based model, RateFrac, was developed for the absorber, along with an equilibrium-based model, RadFrac, for the stripper. The model was verified, and the results have shown good agreement with experimental data. The CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture process, which is integrated with CDI, was simulated and compared with a non-CDI CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture process based on regeneration energy. Operating parameters such as flow rate, lean CO<SUB>2</SUB> loading, and ammonia concentration in the lean solvent were used to analyze the integrated model. Stripper regeneration energy can be reduced by as much as 37.5% by using the CDI setup. Moreover, energy cost estimation was performed using two heat sources (natural gas and coal). CDI saved a maximum of 31% of the energy costs for a natural gas–fired boiler and 12.3% of the energy costs for a coal-based boiler.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> NH<SUB>3</SUB>-based CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture process integrated with Capacitive deionization device was proposed to reduce regeneration energy. </LI> <LI> The model was verified and the results show good agreement with the experimental data. </LI> <LI> Main operating parameters of the CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture process were analyzed to check their effects on regeneration energy. </LI> <LI> Energy Cost estimation of CO<SUB>2</SUB> capture process both with and without capacitive deionization was performed. </LI> <LI> Regeneration energy reduced up to 37.5% by integrating capacitive deionization device. </LI> </UL> </P>