Inhibition of the Aspergillus flavusGrowth and AflatoxinB1 Contamination on Pistachio Nut by Fengycin and Surfactin-Producing Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1

Mohsen Farzaneh,Zhi-Qi Shi,Masoud Ahmadzadeh,Liang-Bin Hu,Alireza Ghassempour 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.3

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade afl-toxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid.Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavu R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

Inhibition of the Aspergillus flavus Growth and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination on Pistachio Nut by Fengycin and Surfactin-Producing Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1

Farzaneh, Mohsen,Shi, Zhi-Qi,Ahmadzadeh, Masoud,Hu, Liang-Bin,Ghassempour, Alireza The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.3

In this study, the treatment of pistachio nuts by Bacillus subtilis UTBSP1, a promising isolate to degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), caused to reduce the growth of Aspergillus flavus R5 and AFB1 content on pistachio nuts. Fluorescence probes revealed that the cell free supernatant fluid from UTBSP1 affects spore viability considerably. Using high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method, 10 fractions were separated and collected from methanol extract of cell free supernatant fluid. Two fractions showed inhibition zones against A. flavus. Mass spectrometric analysis of the both antifungal fractions revealed a high similarity between these anti-A. flavus compounds and cyclic-lipopeptides of surfactin, and fengycin families. Coproduction of surfactin and fengycin acted in a synergistic manner and consequently caused a strong antifungal activity against A. flavus R5. There was a positive significant correlation between the reduction of A. flavus growth and the reduction of AFB1 contamination on pistachio nut by UTBSP1. The results indicated that fengycin and surfactin-producing B. subtilis UTBSP1 can potentially reduce A. flavus growth and AFB1 content in pistachio nut.

Development and Optimization of Culture Medium for the Production of Glabridin by Aspergillus eucalypticola: An Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae)

Parisa Bahadori Ganjabadi,Mohsen Farzaneh,Mohammad Hossein Mirjalili 한국균학회 2023 Mycobiology Vol.51 No.4

Glabridin is a well-known active isoflavone found in the root of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)that possess a wide range of biological activity. Plant cells, hairy roots, and fungal endophytescultures are the most important alternative methods for plant resources conservationand sustainable production of natural compounds, which has received much attention inrecent decades. In the present study, an efficient culture condition was optimized for thebiomass accumulation and glabridin production from fungal endophyte Aspergillus eucalypticolaSBU-11AE isolated from licorice root. Type of culture medium, range of pH, and licoriceroot extract (as an elicitor) were tested. The results showed that the highest and lowestbiomass production was observed on PCB medium (6.43 ± 0.32 g/l) and peptone malt(5.85þ0.11 g/l), respectively. The medium culture PCB was produced the highest level ofglabridin (7.26 ± 0.44mg/l), while the lowest level (4.47 ± 0.02mg/l) was obtained from themedium peptone malt. The highest biomass (8.51 ± 0.43 g/l) and glabridin (8.30 ± 0.51mg/l)production were observed from the PCB medium adjusted with pH=6, while the lowestvalue of both traits was obtained from the same medium with pH=7. The highest productionof total glabridin (10.85 ± 0.84mg/l) was also obtained from the culture medium treatedwith 100 mg/l of the plant root extract. This information can be interestingly used for thecommercialization of glabridin production for further industrial applications.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improved the Ultrastructural Morphology of Cerebral Tissues after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats

Mohammad Ali Khalili,Fatemeh Sadeghian-Nodoushan,Farzaneh Fesahat,Seyed Mohsen Mir-Esmaeili,Morteza Anvari,Seyed Hossain Hekmati-moghadam 한국뇌신경과학회 2014 Experimental Neurobiology Vol.23 No.1

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes widespread disruption in the cerebral architecture.The process of SAH is complicated and many people lose their lives or become disabled after injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as good candidate for repair of cerebral damage. The aim was to assess the ultrastructural changes in the rat cerebral tissue after intravenous transplantation of MSCs. Female Wistar rats (8 per group) weighing 275~300 g were assigned to control (SAH+PBS) and experimental groups (SAH+MSCs).The samples from middle cerebral arterial wall and parietal cerebral tissue were prepared for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) according to standard protocol. Fine architectures of the vessel wall, including the contraction of the inner layer, smooth muscle layer,as well as neural cells were observed after SAH. Cerebral arterial wall and cortex, including neuronal and glial cells were injured post SAH. But, administration of MSCs improved the structural integrity of cerebral tissues. Changes were much more balanced with their relative improvement in some areas. The role of MSCs for repairing the injured cerebral tissues post experimental SAH was approved by electron microscopy.

Insecticidal activity of polycaprolactone nanocapsules loaded with Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil in Tribolium castaneum (Herbst)

Mehdi KHOOBDEL,Seyed Mohammad AHSAEI,Mohsen Farzaneh 한국곤충학회 2017 Entomological Research Vol.47 No.3

In this study, the opportunity to enhance the insecticidal activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil was studied for effective management of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a stored product pest beetle. Nanoprecipitation method was used to prepare rosemary oil‐loaded nanocapsules. Bioassays were conducted at 27–30°C temperature and 70–75 % relative humidity in the dark. Fumigant toxicity of the non‐formulated oil and nanocapsules of R. officinalis were investigated at 13.20, 15.92, 19.12, 23.04, and 27.76 μL/L air after 24 and 72 h exposure and the contact toxicity of the non‐formulated oil and nanocapsules were investigated at 4.28, 3.55, 2.95, 2.45 and 2.36 μL/cm2 after 24 h exposure. The major constituents of the essential oil of rosemary were α‐Pinene, 1,8‐cineol, camphor, and cis‐verbenone. Nanocapsules presented an average size (145 ± 15 nm) (± standard error [SE]) with a polydispersity index below 0.3, a negative zeta potential (−11.0 ± 0.5 mV), and a high encapsulation efficiency (78.20 ± 0.93 %). Scanning electron microscope photomicrograph of rosemary oil‐loaded nanocapsules showed the presence of spherical nanocapsules with regular and homogeneous surfaces. In fumigant and contact toxicity, there were significant differences between non‐formulated and rosemary oil‐loaded nanocapsules in all the concentrations and times. The results suggested that nanoencapsulated essential oils from R. officinalis can be used for effective control in T. castaneum. When this technique is used, it can produce pesticides that have controlled‐release properties and reduce the concentration of the applied doses and number of applications.

Comparison of Two Methods of Epidural Steroid Injection in the Treatment of Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation

Saeid Karamouzian,Ali Ebrahimi-Nejad,Shahram Shahsavarani,Ehsan Keikhosravi,Mohsen Shahba,Farzaneh Ebrahimi 대한척추외과학회 2014 Asian Spine Journal Vol.8 No.5

Study Design: Prospective study. Purpose: We compared the effects of two methods of epidural steroid injection in patients with recurrent disc herniation. Overview of Literature: To our knowledge, there is no previous report of such a comparison in these patients. Methods: The study was performed with 30 patients with relapsed lumbar disc herniation whose pain was not relieved by conservative remedies. The patients were divided into two groups, each of 15 patients, and entered the study for caudal or transforaminal injections. The degree of pain, ability to stand and walk, and the Prolo function score were evaluated in both groups before the injection and 2 months and 6 months after the injection. Results: The degrees of pain reduction in the caudal injection group in the second and sixth months were 0.6 and 1.63, respectively, and in the transforaminal injection group were 1.33 and 1.56, respectively. The difference between the two methods was not statistically significant. Similarly, no other evaluated criterion showed a significant difference between the methods. Conclusions: In the current study, the caudal and transforaminal steroid injection methods showed similar outcomes in the treatment of relapsed lumbar disc herniation. However, more detailed patient categorizing may help in finding possible subgroups with differences.

Neurologic Complications in Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy

Abbas Basiri,Mohammad Hossein Soltani,Mohammadreza Kamranmanesh,Ali Tabibi,Seyed Amir Mohsen Ziaee,Akbar Nouralizadeh,Farzaneh Sharifiaghdas,Mahtab Poorzamani,Babak Gharaei,Ardalan Ozhand,Alireza Lash 대한비뇨의학회 2013 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.54 No.3

Purpose: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) has been the preferred procedure for the removal of large renal stones in Iran since 1990. Recently, we encountered a series of devastating neurologic complications during PCNL, including paraplegia and hemiplegia. There are several reports of neurologic complications following PCNL owing to paradoxical air emboli, but there are no reports of paraplegia following PCNL. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who had undergone PCNL in 13 different endourologic centers and retrieved data related to neurologic complications after PCNL, including coma, paraplegia, hemiplegia,and quadriplegia. Results: The total number of PCNL procedures in these 13 centers was 30,666. Among these procedures, 11 cases were complicated by neurologic events, and four of these cases experienced paraplegia. All events happened with the patient in the prone position with the use of general anesthesia and in the presence of air injection. There were no reports of neurologic complications in PCNL procedures performed with the patient under general anesthesia and in the prone position and with contrast injection. Conclusions: It can be assumed that using room air to opacify the collecting system played a major role in the occurrence of these complications. Likewise, the prone position and general anesthesia may predispose to these events in the presence of air injection.