Physical Activity and Cancer Prevention: Awareness and Meeting the Recommendations among Adult Saudis

Amin, Tarek Tawfik,Al-Hammam, Abudllah Mohammed,AlMulhim, Nasser Abdullah,Al-Hayan, Mohammed Ibrahim,Al-Mulhim, Mona Mohammed,Al-Mosabeh, Modhahir Jawad,Al-Subaie, Mohammed Ali,Al-Hmmad, Qassem Ahmed Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.6

Background: There is a scarcity of information about the proportion of the adult Saudi population that meet the recommended guidelines of physical activity (PA) to reduce cancer risk. Moreover, their awareness about the role of PA in cancer prevention is unclear. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the proportion of adult Saudis meeting the PA guidelines, specifically those recommended by American Cancer Society (ACS) for cancer prevention, and to assess the public awareness about the role of PA in cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: Using a multistage sampling method, 2,127 adult Saudis of both genders were recruited from 6 urban and 4 rural primary health care centers in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Participants were personally interviewed to gather information about their sociodemographic characteristics, searching activity about PA and cancer, and the time spent in leisure time PA (moderate and vigorous)/week using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire with show cards. Finally, items about the role of PA in cancer risk reduction were inquired. Results: Of the included participants, 11.6% met the recommendations for cancer prevention (${\geq}45$ minutes of moderate-vigorous PA activity/${\geq}5$ days/week or 225 minutes/week). Multivariate regression showed that being male (AOR=1.49, CI=1.09-2.06), <20 years of age (AOR=3.11, CI=2.03-4.76), and unemployed (AOR=2.22, CI=1.57-3.18) were significant predictors for meeting PA recommendations for cancer prevention. Only 11.4% of the sample indicated correctly the frequency and duration of PA required for an average adult to be physically active and while >70% of them indicated the role of PA in prevention of hypertension, coronary heart disease and lowering elevated blood cholesterol, only 18.6% and 21.7% correctly mentioned the role of PA in reducing colon and breast cancer risk, respectively. Poor knowledge was found among those with less than college education and aged ${\geq}50$ years. The level of knowledge was significantly positively correlated with total leisure time PA of the participants. Conclusions: A minority of adult Saudis in Al Hassa was aware about the role of PA in cancer prevention and engaged in sufficient LTPA for cancer risk reduction benefits, highlighting the need for public health actions to include policies and programs that address factors deterring their participation in LTPA and increasing their awareness with remedies to manage the prevalent misconceptions.

Profile of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors Among Employees at a Saudi University

Amin, Tarek Tawfik,Al Sultan, Ali Ibrahim,Mostafa, Ola Abdelmoniem,Darwish, Amr Ahmed,Al-Naboli, Mohamed Rashad Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Background: There is paucity of studies defining the prevalence of non-communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in Saudi Arabia despite the surging epidemic of obesity, change in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of NCDs risk factors among employees at King Faisal University in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia and to determine the possible correlates for clustering of NCDs risk factors among them. Materials and Methods: All employees were invited to participate; the World Health Organization STEPwise approach was used for data collection which consisted of a personal interview to collect socio-demographic characteristics, NCD history, tobacco use, vegetables and fruit consumption, and physical activity (PA), followed by anthropometric measurements namely weight, height and waist circumference and blood pressure measurements, subjects were finally subjected to biochemical tests with determination of fasting plasma glucose, serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high density lipoproteins. Results: Of the surveyed employees (n=691), daily current smokers accounted for 22.7%. 94.9%, 95.1% and 86% consumed < 5 servings per day of vegetables, fruits and both fruits and vegetables respectively, 73% were physically inactive, 64% were overweight or obese, 22.1% had hypertension, and 21.5% were diabetics. Elevated cholesterol levels were found in 36.6%, low high density lipoproteins in 36.8%, and elevated triglycerides in 36.1%. Only 3% had no NCD risk factors, and 57.6% had ${\geq}3$ factors. Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender (being male, adjusted odds ratio 'aOR'=1.51), aged ${\geq}50$ years (aOR=3.06), < college education (aOR=1.75), current smokers (aOR=2.37), being obese (aOR=6.96) and having a low PA level (aOR=4.59) were the significant positive predictors for clustering of NCD risk factors. Conclusions: Over fifty percent of the studied university's employees had multiple (${\geq}3$) NCD risk factors. Screening and health promotion initiatives should be launched at least targeting the modifiable factors to avert the excessive risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and several types of cancers.

Saudi Women's Interest in Breast Cancer Gene Testing: Possible Influence of Awareness, Perceived Risk and Socio-demographic Factors

Amin, Tarek Tawfik,Al-Wadaani, Hamed Abdullah,Al-Quaimi, Manal Mubarak,Aldairi, Nedaa' Abdullah,Alkhateeb, Jawaher Mohammed,Al-Jaafari, Azzam Abdul Lateef Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.8

Background: Development of effective educational strategies should accompany increases in public awareness and the availability of genetic testing for breast cancer (BC). These educational strategies should be designed to fulfill the knowledge gap while considering factors that influence women's interest in order to facilitate decision making. Objective: To determine the possible correlates of Saudi women's interest in BC genes testing including socio-demographics, the level of awareness towards BC genes, the family history of BC and the perceived personal risk among adult Saudi women in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the second BC community-based campaign in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women aged ${\geq}18$ years (n=781) attending the educational components of the campaign were invited to a personal interview. Data collection included gathering information about sociodemographics, family history of BC, the perceived personal risk for BC, awareness and attitude towards BC genes and the women's interest in BC genes testing. Results: Of the included women (n=599), 19.5% perceived higher risk for BC development, significantly more among < 40 years of age, and with positive family history of BC before 50 years of age. The participants demonstrated a poor level of awareness regarding the inheritance, risk, and availability of BC genetic testing. The median summated knowledge score was 1.0 (out of 7 points) with a knowledge deficit of 87.8%. The level of knowledge showed significant decline with age (> 40 years). Of the included women 54.7% expressed an interest in BC genetic testing for assessing their BC risk. Multivariate regression model showed that being middle aged (Odds Ratio 'OR'=1.88, confidence intervals 'C.I'=1.14-3.11), with higher knowledge level (OR=1.67, C.I=1.08-2.57) and perceiving higher risk for BC (OR=2.11, C.I=1.61-2.76) were the significant positive correlates for Saudi women interest in BC genetic testing. Conclusion: Saudi women express high interest in genetic testing for BC risk despite their poor awareness. This great interest may reflect the presence of inappropriate information regarding BC genetic testing and its role in risk analysis.

Design and behavior of two profiles for structural performance of composite structure: A fluid interaction

Faisal Al Thobiani,Muzamal Hussain,Mohamed Amine Khadimallah,Emad Ghandourah,Abdulsalam Alhawsawi,Adil Alshoaibi 국제구조공학회 2022 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.43 No.2

Two-dimensional stagnation point slip flow of a Casson fluid impinging normally on a flat linearly shrinking surface is considered. The modeled PDEs are changed into nonlinear ODEs through appropriate nonlinear transformations.The flow is assumed to be steady and incompressible, with external magnetic field acting on it. Similarity transformation is utilized to investigate the behavior of many parameters for heat and velocity distributions using truncation approach.The influence of buoyancy parameter, slip parameter, shrinking parameter, Casson fluid parameter on the heat profile. The effect of the magnetic parameter on the streamwise velocity profile is also investigated.

An innovative system for novel vibration of rotating FG shell with combination of fraction laws

Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine,Hussain, Muzamal,Al-Thobiani, Faisal,Elbahar, Mohamed,Al Naim, Abdullah F.,Elimame, Elaloui,Harbaoui, Imene,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in concrete construction Vol.12 No.2

A new model with the combination of the Galerkin's technique have been developed for functionally graded cylindrical shell. For the vibrations of rotating cylindrical shells, three volume fraction laws i.e., polynomial, trigonometric and exponential are combined mathematically. The obtained results show that by increasing length-to-radius and height-to-radius ratios, the backward and forward frequency value decreases and increases, respectively. Moreover, on increasing the rotating speed, the backward frequencies increases and forward frequencies decreases. The results generated furnish the evidence regarding applicability of present model with clamped-clamped boundary conditions and also verified by earlier published literature.

A machine learning-based model for the estimation of the critical thermo-electrical responses of the sandwich structure with magneto-electro-elastic face sheet

Zhou, Xiao,Wang, Pinyi,Al-Dhaifallah, Mujahed,Rawa, Muhyaddin,Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine Techno-Press 2022 Advances in nano research Vol.12 No.1

The aim of current work is to evaluate thermo-electrical characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets Reinforced Composite (GNPRC) coupled with magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) face sheet. In this regard, a cylindrical smart nanocomposite made of GNPRC with an external MEE layer is considered. The bonding between the layers are assumed to be perfect. Because of the layer nature of the structure, the material characteristics of the whole structure is regarded as graded. Both mechanical and thermal boundary conditions are applied to this structure. The main objective of this work is to determine critical temperature and critical voltage as a function of thermal condition, support type, GNP weight fraction, and MEE thickness. The governing equation of the multilayer nanocomposites cylindrical shell is derived. The generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM) is employed to numerically solve the differential equations. This method is integrated with Deep Learning Network (DNN) with ADADELTA optimizer to determine the critical conditions of the current sandwich structure. This the first time that effects of several conditions including surrounding temperature, MEE layer thickness, and pattern of the layers of the GNPRC is investigated on two main parameters critical temperature and critical voltage of the nanostructure. Furthermore, Maxwell equation is derived for modeling of the MEE. The outcome reveals that MEE layer, temperature change, GNP weight function, and GNP distribution patterns GNP weight function have significant influence on the critical temperature and voltage of cylindrical shell made from GNP nanocomposites core with MEE face sheet on outer of the shell.

Epidemiological, and Molecular investigation of Canine parvovirus-2 infection in Egypt

Eman Farag Ammar,Yamen Mohammed Hegazy,Magdy Al-gaabary,Samah M. Mosad,Mohamed Salem,Mohamed Marzok,Fadhel Housawi,Mohamed Al-ali,Abdulrahman Alhaider,Amin Tahoun 대한수의학회 2024 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.25 No.4

Importance: Canine parvovirus enteritis (CPE) is a contagious viral disease of dogs causedby the canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. CPV-2 has a high global evolutionary rate. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 and understanding its epidemiology are essential for controlling CPV-2 infections. Objective: This study examined the risk factors and survival outcomes of dogs infected withCPV-2. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 genotypes circulating in Egypt was performed to determine the evolution of CPV-2 nationally and globally. Methods: An age-matched case-control study was conducted on 47 control and 47 CPVinfected dogs. Conditional logistic regression analysis examined the association between the potential risk factors and CPE in dogs. Survival analysis was performed to determine the survival pattern of the infected dogs. Thirteen fecal samples from infected dogs were collected to confirm the CPV genotype by CPV-2 VP2 gene sequencing, assembly of nucleotide sequences, and phylogenic analysis. Results: Unvaccinated and roamer dogs had eight and 2.3 times higher risks of CPV infection than vaccinated dogs and non-roamer dogs, respectively. The risk of death from CPE was high among dogs without routine visits to veterinary clinics and among non-roamer dogs. Molecular characterization of CPV-2 confirmed its genotype identity and relationship withthe CPV-2 c and b clade types. Conclusions and Relevance: This study highlights the potential factors for CPE control,especially vaccination and preventing dogs from roaming freely outside houses. IsolatedCPV genotypes are closely related to southern Asian genotypes, suggesting a substantialopportunity for global transmission.

Propagation of waves with nonlocal effects for vibration response of armchair double-walled CNTs

Ali, Zainab,Khadimallah, Mohamed Amine,Hussain, Muzamal,Asghar, Sehar,Al-Thobiani, Faisal,Elbahar, Mohamed,Elimame, Elaloui,Tounsi, Abdelouahed Techno-Press 2021 Advances in nano research Vol.11 No.2

In this paper, vibration characteristics of double-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied based upon nonlocal elastic shell theory. The significance of small scale is being perceived by developing nonlocal Love shell model. The wave propagation approach has been utilized to frame the governing equations as eigen value system. The influence of nonlocal parameter subjected to diverse end supports has been overtly analyzed. An appropriate selection of material properties and nonlocal parameter has been considered. The influence of changing mechanical parameter Poisson's ratio has been investigated in detail. It is found that the frequencies decrease as nonlocal parameter increases and for the certain values of nonlocal parameter against range of Poisson ratio rise slowly with length double-walled CNTs. The dominance of boundary conditions via nonlocal parameter is shown graphically. The results generated furnish the evidence regarding applicability of nonlocal shell model and also verified by earlier published literature.

Terahertz emission in quantum dots by sum frequency generation

M. Abdullah,Farah T. Mohammed Noori,Amin H. Al-Khursan 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

The second-order nonlinear susceptibility (SONS) in self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs), in the form of quantum disks, under applied electric field was studied. Using Feynman diagram, the relation of SONS for sum frequency generation was stated. Two cases were studied, which are the interband (IB) and intersubband (ISB) transitions with the consideration of the QD inhomogeneity, which is shown to be important in SONS calculations. For the ISB case, a resonance near 92 mm was predicted, which is important for infrared applications. Energy subbands and momentum matrix elements are shown as the main factors controlling SONS. It was found that adding some detuning to the pump will extend the wavelength by 45 mm which might applicable for Terahertz (THz) applications. Double resonance was shown to blue shifts the wavelength.

Forest and agro-ecosystem productivity in Bangladesh: a climate vegetation productivity approach

Md. Siddiqur Rahman,Salena Akter,Mohammed Al-Amin 한국산림과학회 2015 Forest Science And Technology Vol.11 No.3

The aim of the study was to assess spatial and temporal variation in productivity with respect to climate factors in Bangladesh in different forest ecosystems and agro-ecological zones. A climate vegetation, and productivity index (CVPI) for different vegetation types of Bangladesh were measured for years ranging between 1990 and 2010. Data were gathered from 11 meteorological stations sporadically distributed throughout the country. The range of CVPI at different vegetation zones of the country shows values between 1223 and 2800 (this index has no unit). Spatial distribution of values indicates that CVPI is lower in northwestern and southwestern agro-ecological zones of the country, whereas it is higher in eastern zones. This may be due to less rainfall and higher atmospheric temperature in the western part than the eastern part. CVPI in the central part of Bangladesh also decreases while the temporal scenario also varies significantly. There was a peak in the index during the year 1998 when the country faced extreme precipitation followed by devastating floods. Both spatial and temporal variation depicts that vegetation productivity would increase or decrease with respect to climatic parameters such as mean monthly temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation received at the site. For major types of forested woodland, tropical evergreen and semi-evergreen types cover the range of 21502800, moist Sal forest covers 12231896, dry Sal forest covers 12771280, Sundarbans covers 1307, and coastal plantations cover 19462531 CVPI. This value greatly depends on the spatial coordinates of the meteorological stations. From Paterson’s regression, forest timber productivity was calculated which was found to be higher for evergreen, semi-evergreen, and coastal plantation (about 1011 m3 ha ¡1 yr ¡1), where deciduous Sal and Sundarbans has lower productivity (about 89 m3 ha ¡1 yr ¡1) than hill forests. Thus, climatic factors, as well as altitudinal and latitudinal differences, may pose divergence in forest productivity. Hence, climate is the key factor in forest productivity and distribution.