Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren on cancer prevention and intestinal microbiota in 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat model

Ming Zhang,Xing Fan,Bing Fang,Chengzhen Zhu,Jun Zhu,Fazheng Ren 한국미생물학회 2015 The journal of microbiology Vol.53 No.6

Probiotics have been suggested as a prophylactic measure in colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Lactobacillus salivarius Ren (Ren) in modulating colonic microbiota structure and colon cancer incidence in a rat model after injection with 1,2-dimethyl hydrazine (DMH). The results indicated that oral administration of Ren could effectively suppress DMH-induced colonic carcinogenesis. A significant decrease in cancer incidence (87.5% to 25%) was detected in rats fed with a dose of 5 × 1010 CFU/kg bodyweight per day. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and Real-time PCR combined with multivariate statistical methods, we demonstrated that injection with DMH significantly altered the rat gut microbiota, while Ren counteracted these DMH-induced adverse effects and promoted reversion of the gut microbiota close to the healthy state. Tvalue biplots followed by band sequencing identified 21 bacterial strains as critical variables affected by DMH and Ren. Injection of DMH significantly increased the amount of Ruminococcus species (sp.) and Clostridiales bacteria, as well as decreasing the Prevotella sp. Administration of Ren reduced the amount of Ruminococcus sp., Clostridiales bacteria, and Bacteroides dorei, and increased the amount of Prevotella. Real-time PCR results were consistent with the results derived by t-value biplots. These findings suggested that Ren is a potential agent for colon cancer prevention. In conclusion, the results in the present study suggest a potential therapeutic approach based on the modulation of intestinal microflora by probiotics may be beneficial in the prevention of colorectal carcinogenesis.

뇌졸중환자의 인지기능에 관한 연구

류명인,소희영 충남대학교 간호과학연구소 2006 충남대 간호학술지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study was to explore the cognitive function of stroke patients. Method: The study sample were 88 who were possible to communicate and agreed to participate. The data was collected at OPD and wards from 2 Veteran's hospital located at Daejeon and Seoul and one C University hospital by trained nursing students at 2004 February. this research design is survey research. The measurement tool was MMSE-K. The data were analysed by SPSS 10.0 using frequency, t-test ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and Regression. Result: The mean score of MMSE-K was 26.74, being from minimum 13 to maximum 30. There was significant difference in attention/calculation subtype of MMSE-K according to length of education. There were statistically significant correlation among Time orientation, Place orientation, Registration, Attention & Calculation, Recall and Language. Conclusion: The cognitive function score of stroke patients was within normal limit. The length of education was a significant demographic characteristic affecting cognitive function. For rehabilitative care of stroke patient, the nurse has to collect data about cognition as well as demographic characteristics like income and perceived health status in order tar understand better and improve patients cognitive function.

Lactobacillus salivarius REN Counteracted Unfavorable 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide-Induced Changes in Colonic Microflora of Rats

Ming Zhang,Xuewei Qiao,Liang Zhao,Lu Jiang,Fazheng Ren 한국미생물학회 2011 The journal of microbiology Vol.49 No.6

Probiotics and carcinogens both have a significant effect on the microfloral composition of the human intestine. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of an important carcinogen, 4-Nitroquinoline-1- Oxide on colonic microflora and the efficacy of the probiotic Lactobacillus salivarius REN as an agent of counteracting these effects. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) combined with redundancy analysis, we demonstrated that both 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide and L. salivarius REN significantly altered the bacterial communities of rat colons. A total of 27 bacterial strains were identified as being affected by treatment with 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide or L. salivarius REN using a t-value biplot combined with band sequencing. 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide treatment increased the abundance of two potential pathogens (one Helicobacter strain and one Desulfovibrio strain), as well as reducing the abundance of two potentially beneficial strains (one Ruminococcaceae strain and one Rumen bacteria). The Helicobacter strain was initally detected in carcinogen-treated rat intestinal microflora, but L. salivarius REN treatment effectively suppressed the growth of the Helicobacter strain. These results suggested that L. salivarius REN may be a potential probiotic, efficiently acting against the initial infection with, and the growth of pathogenic bacteria.

IBM Zigbee Positioning Method for Smart Home Applications

Ming-Hui Jin,Chung-Jung Fu,Chih-Hao Yu,Hung-Ren Lai,Ming-Whei Feng 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 International Journal of Smart Home Vol.2 No.2

This paper presents a smart home system prototype which employs an indoor positioning system called the III Beacon Match (I3BM) positioning method to intelligently trigger the appropriately services for the home members. To overcome the ninja problem in the I3BM method, the signal filtering, adjustment and smooth procedures are proposed. The proposed system prototype employs the Zigbee module to implement the prototypes of the components for the I3BM positioning method, and the prototypes had passed the ZigBee Compliant Platform (ZCP) certification test. The proposed system prototype which intelligently controls the air condition and light system for smart home applications is also verifying in our demo room and in the smart house in National Taiwan University.

A 4th-Order Wideband Sigma Delta Modulator Using Linear System Theory Technique

Ming-yuan Ren,Yong-sheng Zhang,Wei-kun Wu,Zhen-xi Bao,Zi-wei Zhao,Chao Li,Hong-guo Zhang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.9 No.1

A 4th-Order Wideband Sigma Delta modulator structure is proposed in this paper, which uses linear system theory technique. There are many implementation techniques to improve the performance of Sigma Delta ADCs, such as noise coupling, differential sampling and dynamic elements matching. An extra loop delay is needed to be added in the system. This paper explains how to make the modulator stable with the addition of feed-forward and feed-back branches which are used to compensate the extra loop delay. Next, we restore the signal and noise transfer functions. A 4th-Order Wideband delta-sigma modulator have been designed and simulated to verify the method.

2000년대 북한의 대중 경제의존 및 영향분석

런밍 ( Ming Ren ) 朝鮮大學校 統一問題硏究所 2011 統一 問題 硏究 Vol.26 No.2

이 논문은 2000년대 북한의 대중경제 경제의존과 영향력을 분석한 것으로 그 내용을 몇 가지로 함축할 수 있다. 첫째, 북한은 현 시기 지역경제 블럭화, 단일화라는 세계경제의 조류와는 별개로, 동북아 지역에서 유일하게 사회주의 계획경제체제를 고수하고 있는 나라로서, 기본 경제발전전략인 ‘자립적 민족경제건설노선’을 확고부동하게 견지하고 있다. 따라서 대외무역이 경제발전 전반에서 차지하는 비중과 역할은 습유보결(拾遺補缺,또는 호통유무(互通有无)의 정도인 관계로 대외 경제의존도는 극히 낮은 편인데, 이는 또한 향후 상당기간 동안 북한경제는 세계경제, 특히 동북아 지역경제의 변화에 그 다지 큰 영향을 받지 않을 것으로 전망하게 한다. 하지만 북한의 제2차 핵실험 이후, 미국의 대북한 경제제재가 가속화되고 한국 이명박 정부가 ‘강한 한국’을 주창하며 북한에 대한 지원을 중단하면서, ‘믿을 만한 나라는 그래도 중국밖에 없다’는 인식을 바탕으로 중국에 대한 경제의존도가 매우 높아졌음을 발견할 수 있다. 특히 전략물자와 원조차원의 심각한 대중국 경제의존 현상을 포착할 수 있다. 둘째, 북한은 아직까지 대외무역 다각화를 실현하지 못해 무역대상국이 주로 중국, 한국, 일본, 러시아, 태국 등 극소수 국가에만 국한되어 있고, 특히 최근 중국, 한국에 대한 무역의존도가 약 80~90%를 차지하고 있다. 따라서 향후 중국과 한국의 대북한 경제정책의 변화는 북한의 대외 경제활동에 결정적인 영향을 미칠 것이며, 아울러 북한의 국내경제 회복과 성장·발전에도 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 예상된다. 셋째, 최근 북한은 철강, 원유, 식량, 기계, 의약품, 일용품 등 전략물자와 관련하여 심각한 대중국 의존현상을 보이고 있는데, 이러한 상황은 향후 상당기간 동안 지속될 것으로 예측된다. 넷째, 20세기 90년대 중·후반 북한경제는 붕괴의 위기를 겪었고, 외부의 원조를 통해 간신히 파국을 모면할 수 있었다. 21세기에 접어들면서 북한경제가 미약하나마 회복 성장을 시현해 가고 있지만, 최하 수준의 생계유지를 위해 여전히 국제사회의 원조에 의존하고 있으며, 그 중 중국과 한국의 지원이 절대적인 역할을 하고 있다. 특히 중국의 대 북한 식량 및 원유 원조는 북한의 생명 줄을 쥐고 있다고 해도 무방할 것이다. 다섯째, 최근 들어 북한이 2002년 ‘7.1 경제관리개선조치’에 비해 더욱 역행하는, 즉, 더욱 강화된 계획경제 조치들을 강구하고 있는 상황임을 감안할 때, 북한은 여전히 개혁·개방에 대해 폐쇄주의적 자세를 견지하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 결국, 북한이 단시일 내에 본격적인 대내개혁, 대외개방을 실시하고, 국제사회의 일원으로 등장하기는 어려울 것이며, 이로 인해 대중국 경제의존 현상은 지속 심화될 것으로 판단된다. 여섯째, 21세기로 진입하면서, 특히 한국의 이명박 정부가 출범하면서 중 북 경제관계는 역사상 그 어느 시점과 비교하여도 무역, 투자 및 기타 분야에서 양적으로나 질적으로 괄목할만한 발전을 가져왔으며 이러한 추세는 향후 수 년간 한층 더 업그레이드될 전망이다. This study analysed the dependence of the basic economy in North Korea in the first decade of the 2000s and the effects of this dependance. The results had a few implications. First, North Korea has adhered to a planned economic system of socialism only in the northeast area regardless of trends in the world economy, such as the formation of blocks and unification, and has firmly adhered to an independent national economy building policy. Therefore, as the weight and role external trade occupies in economic development was supplementary, the North`s dependence on external economic situations is extremely low. This indicates that North Korea`s economy, in particular the northeast economy, will not be greatly affected by the external world economy. However, since the second nuclear test in North Korea, American economic restrictions on North Korea have increased. Also as the Lee Government of South Korea has stopped support for North Korea, arguing against a nuclear armed North Korea, its dependence on China has increased. This is based on the recognition that North Korea can depend on China. In particular, the North`s dependence on China for strategic goods and support is acute. Second, North Korea has not realized the formation of multi-faceted external trade. It has had trade only with China, South Korea, Japan, Russia, and Thailand. In particular, the North`s trade dependence on China and South Korea amounts to between 80 and 90% of its external trade. Because of this, it is anticipated that changes in economic policy towards North Korea by China and South Korea will affect its external economic activities and, will play an important role in the recovery, growth, and development of the internal economy of North Korea. Third, North Korea has depended heavily on China for strategic goods such as steel, crude oil, food, machinery, medical supplies, and daily necessities. This dependance is expected to continue for the forseeable future. Fourth, North Korea risked a collapsing economy in the mid and late 1990s and narrowly avoided collapse through external support. In the 21st century, it has realized its recovery, but it is still dependant on support from international society in order to maintain minimum sustainability. For this, support from South Korea and China is absolutely necessary. In particular, it can be said that China`s support for North Korea in food and crude oil decides the life of North Korea. Fifth, in considering that North Korea has been pursuing more reinforced planned economic measures, which are opposite the ``7.1 Economic Control Measures`` published in 2002, it seems that North Korea is still adhering to a closed policy against innovation and opening. In conclusion, it is difficult for North Korea to execute the internal innovation or external opening necessary to appear as a member of international society, and therefore, its economic dependence will be maintained or intensified. Sixth, in the 21st century, in particular as the Lee Government launched, economic relations between North Korea and China have developed significantly in quality and quantity, and this trend will continue.

Exploring the Key Genes and Pathways of Osteoarthritis in Knee Cartilage in a Rat Model Using Gene Expression Profiling

Yi-Ming Ren,Xin Zhao,Tao Yang,Yuan-Hui Duan,Yun-Bo Sun,Wen-Jun Zhao,Meng-Qiang Tian 연세대학교의과대학 2018 Yonsei medical journal Vol.59 No.6

Purpose: To compare differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mediating osteoarthritis (OA) in knee cartilage and in normal kneecartilage in a rat model of OA and to identify their impact on molecular pathways associated with OA. Materials and Methods: A gene expression profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Analysis ofDEGs was carried out using GEO2R. Enrichment analyses were performed on the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia ofGenes and Genomes pathway using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes database (http://www.string-db.org/). Subsequently, the regulatory interaction network of OA-associated genes was visualized using Cytoscape software (version 3.4.0;www.cytoscape.org). Results: In the gene expression profile GSE103416, a total of 99 DEGs were identified. Among them, 76 DEGs (76.77%) were overexpressed,and the remaining 23 DEGs (23.23%) were underexpressed. GO and pathway enrichment analyses of target geneswere performed. Using gene-gene interaction network analysis, relevant core genes, including MET, UBB, GNAI3, and GNA13,were shown to hold a potential relationship with the development of OA in cartilage. Using quantitative real-time PCR, the Gna13/cGMP-PKG signaling pathway was identified as a potential research target for therapy and for further understanding the developmentof OA. Conclusion: The results of the present study provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of DEGs in knee cartilage in relationto the development of OA.

연구논문 : 전환경제체제에 관한 몇 가지 이론적 명제연구 -최근 북한 경제정책변화와 관련하여

임명 ( Ming Ren ) 동국대학교 북한학연구소(구 동국대학교 안보연구소) 2005 북한학연구 Vol.1 No.1

20세기 후반 특히 1990년대 후반부터 현재까지 북한의 대내외 경제정책에는 지난 반세기 동안은 상상조차 할 수 없었던 많은 변화들이 발생하였다. 따라서 이에 대한 주변국 북한관련 학자들의 연구는 주목할 만큼 활발해 졌으며, 현 북한 경제정책에 대한 나름의 평가와 진단을 하고 있다. 하지만 본 연구자는 이러한 진단 및 평가는 자국의 잣대 또는 전통적 자본주의경제이론이나 사회주의경제이론에 의존하여 이루어진 것이라고 생각한다. 따라서 본고에서는 아직 전환경제학이라는 새로운 분야에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어지고 있지 않으며, 동 분야에 대한 이론적 토대가 마련되어 있지 않는 상황에서 기존 전환경제에 관한 부분적 연구 성과와 중국·동구권 국가 등 기존 전환경제체제 국가들의 실천적 경험을 바탕으로 현 북한경제정책변화의 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 이러한 연구목적에 따라 본고에서는 먼저 20세기로 진입하면서 자본주의경제체제와 사회주의경제체제와는 별개의 전환경제체제가 태동하였음을 밝히고, 전환경제체제가 가지고 있는 본질적 특성 및 전환과정 중 필연적으로 발생하는 전환점들에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 또한 현 북한경제정책변화가 전환경제체제의 초기단계에 있으며, 전환과정이 장기성을 띌 것으로 예상되는 이유에 대한 설명을 사례를 들어 설명하였으며, 결론부분에서 북한의 전환노력이 성공하기 위해서는 북한 내부에서의 노력뿐만 아니라 중국, 한국 등 주변국의 도움이 절대적으로 필요함을 강조하였다. In the Late 20th century, especially from in the late 1990s to the present, many unimaginable changes happened in North Korean domestic and foreign economic policies. The scholar`s researches of surrounding countries studying about North Korea were remarkably animated, and they are examining and assessing the present economic polices of North Korea. However, I think that this recognition and assessment are based on the viewpoint of their nations, traditional capitalistic economic theory or socialistic economic theory. Thus, this study grasped the present situation of North Korean Economic policies through the countries which experienced the changeover of economic system: the experience of China and East Europe. To achieve this goal, this study reviewed the conversive points which occurred during the process of conversion, and analyzed the appearance of conversional economic system which is different from capitalistic economic system and socialistic economic system. Also, the study suppose that the process of conversion should be progressed in the long run, therefore it explicated these reasons by means of examples. In conclusion, this paper emphasized not only the support of surrounding countries but the effort of North Korea to achieve the switchover of economic system in North Korea.

中国财政体制改革:思考与对策

임명(Ming Ren) 한국동북아학회 2011 한국동북아논총 Vol.16 No.4

재정체제의 개혁, 이는 이론분야와 현실분야에서 시종일관 가장 많이 논의되고 있는 문제로서 현재까지도 완벽하게 해결을 본 실정은 아니다. 중국은 1950년 1979년 "統收統支"(통일적인 징수와 지출)의 재정체제시기, 1980-1993년 "分조吃板"(살림을 나누어 밥을 하여 먹는다는 의미)의 재정체제시기, l994년 현 시기까지의 "分級"(몇 개 등급으로 분배)의 재정체제시기를 두루 거쳐 중국식 사회주의 시장경제체제와 어울리는 재정체제를 기본적으로 구축하여 중국의 개혁개방과 현대화 건설의 윤활유 역할을 하고 있다고 하여도 무리가 아니겠다. 그럼에도 불구하고 중국식 개혁·개방의 점진성과 비완벽성 및 경제사정의 변화와 더불어 현 재정체제도 그 운영 중 일부 적응하지 못하고 있거나, 내용의 허술 또는 부문 간 조율이 잘 안되어 있는 부분들이 나타나고 있는 부분들이 나타나고 있는데, 이러한 부분들은 향후 계속하여 반드시 보완하여 나아가야 한다. 우선 현재 중국에서 실행하고 있는 "分稅制" (세금을 구분하는 제도)재정체제의 내용을 살펴보면, 하나는 "統一稅法"(세법을 통일), "公平稅負"(세금부담을 공평하게 함), "簡化稅制"(세제를 간소화)의 원칙아래, 공업과 상업부문의 세수제도를 개혁하는 것이고; 다른 하나는 1980-1993년, 즉 "分조吃飯" 또는 지방의 엄청난 재정적 힘과 중앙의 취약한 재정적 상황에서 벗어나 중앙과 지방의 의욕을 동시에 유발할 수 있게 하는 "分稅制"로 개혁하여 중앙과 지방-이 두 개의 세수체계를 구축하는 것이다. 그 결과는 괄목할만한 성과를 거둔 것인데, 한 마디로 요약하면 그 후 중앙과 지방, 정부, 기업, 개인의 분배관계를 잘 조율하는데 성공하였을 뿐 아니라, 정부의 세수가 증가함에 따라 정부의 재정적 통제능력과 자원의 효율적 배분을 향상시키는 역할을 한 것이다. 다음으로 1998년부터 시행한 재정지출개혁의 내용을 살펴 보면, "部門豫算"(부문 예산편성), "國庫集中支付"(국고의 집중적 지불), "政府采購改革"(정부의 구입제도를 개혁), "收支兩條線管理"(수입과 지출을 구분 관리)제도를 실시하여 재정지출구조를 합리화하고 점진적으로 공공재정체제의 틀을 구축하는데 성공하였다고 평가할 수 있다. 현재 중국의 재정체제는 이상과 같이 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있음에도 불구하고 재정관리"級次"(중앙-지방까지 5단계 구분)가 과다하고 재정수입과 지출범위가 불명확하며 지방재정을 어렵게 만드는 등 많은 문제점들을 안고 있다. 따라서 향후 중국 재정체제개혁의 초점은 1. 공공재정구축의 요구사항에 의하여 재정예산관리 개혁을 심화시키고, 2. "財權與事權對等"(재정 권한과 재정책임 대등)의 원칙하에 "分稅制" 재정체제를 더욱 보완시켜 나가며, 3. "公共財政和城鄕一體"(공공재정의 도·농 일체)원칙하에 농촌의 재정, 세무제도를 계속하여 보완하여 나가는 것이 급선무이다. Although problems with the financial system have been discussed mostly in the theoretical and practical departments of China, proper solutions have not been found yet. Since the foundation of the PRC, the Chinese financial system has experienced reform several times. These reforms are divided into the three following periods: First, the period of seeking unity in revenue and expenditures, which lasted from the year 1950 to 1979. Second, the period of sharing taxes between the central and local Governments, which lasted from 1980 to 1993. Third, the period of tax system separation, which has been in place from 1994. The tax system separation reform put in place in 1994 had two targets: (1) Reforming the system of industrial and commercial taxes in accordance with the principles of the national tax law, fare tax burdens, and a simplified tax system; (2) Establishment of two tax systems for the central government and the local government, which we call a "separated tax system." After 1998, the focus of China`s financial system reforms are diverted to the systems of financial expenditures. And the target is to gradually establish a frame for a common financial system. In carrying forward the establishment of a common financial system, the main reforms are as follows: (1) carrying forward department budgets; (2) executing the united expenditure`s of the national treasury: (3) carrying forward the reforms in government purchases; (4) executing the "in-out line" for management of revenue and expenditures. The reform of the financial system in China has made great achievements, which strongly supports the establishment of the socialist market economic system, and strongly supports the continuous and fast development of the macro-economy. However, unavoidable problems with the lack in coordination, adaptability, and standardization have been appearing in the aspects of the newly established financial system, the organizational structure, the management and many other areas due to the gradualness of the reform itself. In accordance with the present situation of economic development, China should hereafter continue to deepen the reform in the financial system in the following areas: (1) Go on to deepen the reform in the financial budget management according to the established requirements of common finance; (2) Go on with the improvement in the financial system of separating taxes in accordance with the reciprocity principle of financial rights and administrative rights; (3) Go on to reform the system of agriculture finance in accordance with the principle of common finance in cities and towns.

中國人民幣國際化的路徑依賴及模式按排探析

임명 ( Ming Ren ) 조선대학교 사회과학연구원 2010 서석사회과학논총 Vol.3 No.1