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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Michael Linden (검색결과 2 건)
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Standardization of the Korean Version of the Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder Self-Rating Scale
Cheolmin Shin,Michael Linden,채정호,고영훈,김용구,김승현,조숙행,정인과,한창수 대한신경정신의학회 2012 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.9 No.4
Objective Embitterment is a persistent feeling of being let down or insulted, feeling like a “loser”, or feeling revengeful but helpless. In South Korea, social injustice experienced during rapid industrial development and protracted unemployment during the Asian economic crisis may lead to strong feelings of embitterment. North Korean defectors and victims of industrial disasters may also experience humiliation and feelings of injustice. Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder (PTED) is a recent conceptualization of a new psychiatric disorder. This study tested the reliability and validation of the Korean version of the PTED Scale. Methods Subjects aged 18 years or older were recruited from a psychiatric outpatient clinic. All subjects were diagnosed with a depressive disorder. Subjects completed the Korean version of the PTED Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-15) at baseline and two weeks later. Results Approximately 15.4% of subjects could be categorized as having PTED. The test-retest reliability of the PTED Scale was good (r=0.76) and the internal consistency was very high (Cronbach’s alpha=0.962). Positive correlations were found between the PTED Scale,the PHQ-9 and the PHQ-15, indicating substantial convergent validity of the PTED Scale. Conclusion The Korean version of the PTED Scale is a reliable and valid measurement of embitterment in Korean adults as an emotional reaction to a negative life event.
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Serum IGFBP4 concentration decreased in dairy heifers towards day 18 of pregnancy
Marie M Meyerholz,Kirsten Mense,Michael Lietzau,Ana Kassens,Matthias Linden,Hendrike Knaack,Elisa Wirthgen,Andreas Hoeflich,Mariam Raliou,Christophe Richard,Olivier Sandra,Hans-Joachim Schuberth,Marti 대한수의학회 2015 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.16 No.4
This study was conducted to determine if the main components of the somatotropic axis change during the early phase of pregnancy in the maternal blood system and whether differences exist on day 18 after pregnancy recognition by the maternal organism. Blood samples of pregnant heifers (Holstein Friesian; n = 10 after embryo transfer) were obtained on the day of ovulation (day 0), as well as on days 7, 14, 16 and 18 and during pregnant, non-pregnant and negative control cycles. The concentrations of progesterone (P4), oestrogen, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 and -2 (IGF1, -2) and IGF-binding protein-2, -3 and -4 (IGFBP2, -3, -4) were measured. The mRNA expressions of growth hormone receptor 1A, IGF1, IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP3 and IGFBP4 were detected using RT-qPCR in liver biopsy specimens (day 18). In all groups, total serum IGF1 decreased from day 0 to 16. Notably, IGFBP4 maternal blood concentrations were lower during pregnancy than during non-pregnant cycles and synchronized control cycles. It can be speculated that the lower IGFBP4 in maternal blood may result in an increase of free IGF1 for local action. Further studies regarding IGFBP4 concentration and healthy early pregnancy are warranted.
ScienceON
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